2022年高考沖刺英語試題（上海卷）(2)3

2016年上海市高考英語試卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.25．（8分）（2016?上海）BagsofLoveLastyear，Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother'shouse，soIstayedwithherforamonth．Duringthattime，Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries．Afterlessthanaweek，Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly﹣wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething．（25）Wondering（wonder）howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly，Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks．Tomysurprise，Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine．Eventually，Idecidedtofollowherand（26）whathappenedtrulyamazedme．Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp，in（27）whichshedistributedittochildren．Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea．Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother．Thenithitme﹣shywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe（28）haddone（do）？WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop（29）buying（buy）thegroceriesifIfoundout？Whenshegothome，Itoldheraboutmydiscovery．（30）Beforeshecouldreact，Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn'tneedtokeepitasecret（31）fromme．Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets．Foryears，mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare．Iwassoimpressedby（32）howselflessshewas．考點(diǎn)：填詞/填句難度：中等答案：25．Wondering解析：后面一句是Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks．中間是逗號分隔的，沒有連詞，說明這是一個簡單句，空格上要填非謂語動詞修飾，而且動詞wonder與后面句子的主語I之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作原因狀語．故填Wondering．答案：26．what解析：前面的句子是Idecidedtofollowher，中間有并列連詞and，說明這是并列句；而空格后面是happenedtrulyamazedme．發(fā)生的事情讓我驚呆了．句子的謂語動詞是amazed，前面是一個主語從句，并且從句缺少主語，要用連接代詞what（指事情）．故填what．答案：27．which解析：前面的句子是Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp，后面的句子是shedistributedittochildren．中間用逗號分隔，說明這是一個主從復(fù)合句，要用連接詞．inwhich相當(dāng)于where，引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的先行詞therefugeecamp．故填which．答案：28．haddone解析：文章講述的是一件過去的事，題干中說whywouldshemotwanttotellme她為什么不告訴我（她做的事），可以知道母親做的事發(fā)生在作者發(fā)現(xiàn)以前，所以是過去的過去，要用過去完成時態(tài)．故填haddone．答案：29．buying解析：固定搭配．stopdoingsth停止做某事．答案：30．Before解析：題干中是shecouldreact，Igaveherabighug兩個簡單句不能用逗號分隔，說明前面要填連詞．before連接時間狀語從句，表示"來不及…就…"．句意：在母親還沒來得及反應(yīng)，我就緊緊地抱住了她．故填Before．答案：31．from解析：固定搭配．keepfrom隱瞞．題干中keepitasecretfromme的意思是對我保守秘密．故填from．答案：32．how解析：題干中shewas是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，放在介詞by后，說明是作賓語從句，要用連詞；而selfless（無私的）是一個形容詞，要用how來修飾．故填how．33．（8分）（2016?上海）Stress：GoodorBad？Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword，butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit，Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed．Inrecentyears，stress（33）hasbeenregarded（regard）asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems，fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness．Butlikesomanyotherthings，itisonlytoomuchstress（34）thatdoesyouharm．Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife，youwouldachievealittle．Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress，thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow．Uptoacertainpoint，themorestressyouareunder，the（35）better（good）yourperformancewillbe．Beyondacertainpoint，though，furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion，illnessandfinallyabreakdown．Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope，byaskingyourself（36）anumberofquestions．Doyou，forinstance，feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof（37）you，andyetfinditimpossibletosayno？Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientof（38）annoyed（annoy）withpeopleoverunimportantthings？…Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes，youhadbetter（39）control（control）yourstress，asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou．Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife．Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents．Gettingmarriedis50，pregnancy40，movinghouse20，Christmas12，etc．Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150，youaretwiceaslikely（40）toget（get）ill．考點(diǎn)：填詞/填句難度：中等答案：33．hasbeenregarded短語搭配．解析：regard…as…認(rèn)為，把…看作．題干中regard的賓語是stress，要用變動；前面有時間狀語Inrecentyears近些年來，表示從過去到現(xiàn)在，是完成時態(tài)的時間狀語．所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的變動語態(tài)．故填hasbeenregarded．答案：34．that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型．解析：itis…that…用來對主語onlytoomuchstress進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，只有太多的壓力才會帶來傷害．故填that．答案：35．better解析：固定句型．the+比較級…，the+比較級…表示越怎樣，就越怎樣．故填better．36．a(chǎn)解析：固定短語．a(chǎn)numberof大量，許多的意思．故填a．答案：37．you解析：邏輯推理．前面句子說的是askingyourselfanumberofquestions問你自己問題；后面說Doyou，forinstance，feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof（you）例如你有沒有覺得對自己的期待過高．故填you．答案：38．a(chǎn)nnoyed解析：短語搭配．前面說gettingimpatient對什么不耐煩，后面用or（或者）表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)（getting）annoyedwith對什么厭煩．故填annoyed．答案：39．control解析：情態(tài)動詞．hadbetter最好，是一個特殊的情態(tài)動詞，后面要用動詞原形．故填control．答案：40．toget解析：短語搭配．belikelytodosth很可能怎樣，后接動詞不等式．故填toget．SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.41．（10分）（2016?上海）A．a(chǎn)ccountB．a(chǎn)djustableC．a(chǎn)ppliancesD．captureE．decorationsF．directG．experimentH．intendedI．operatedJ．soullessK．squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign？Overtheyears，designersandartistshavebeentryingto（41）D．capturetheessentialsofgooddesign．Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign．Therearefourasfollows．Lessismore．ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman﹣bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe．InhisModernistview，beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance，andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans．Designshouldavoidunnecessary（42）E．decorationsMoreisnotabore．TheAmerican﹣bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly，theresultis（43）J．soullessdesign．Post﹣Modernistdesignersbeganto（44）G．experimentwithdecorationandcoloragain．Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen（45）C．a(chǎn)ppliancessuchasovensandkettles．Fitnessforpurpose．Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct'sfunction，purpose，shape，form，color，andsoon．Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis（46）H．intended．Forexample，thinkofa（n）（47）B．a(chǎn)djustabledesklamp．Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser．Italsoneedstobestable．Mostimportantly，itneedsto（48）F．directlightwhereitisneeded．Fromfollowsemotion．ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger．Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto（49）A．a(chǎn)ccountthesensorysideofournature﹣sight，smell，touchandtaste．Theseareasimportantasrational（理性的）thinking．Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste，weappreciateacool﹣lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily（50）K．squeezethetoothpasteontoourbrush．考點(diǎn):選詞填空難度：較難答案：41．D解析：capture是動詞，意思是"獲得，捕獲"，本句中該次構(gòu)成的是不定式短語"tocapture…"作動詞try的賓語．句意：多年以來，設(shè)計(jì)師和藝術(shù)家一直都在努力搞清楚好的設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)．答案：42．E解析：名詞decorations，意思是"裝飾"，該詞在句中作動詞avoid的賓語．本段的主題句是"Lessismore"，倡導(dǎo)裝修設(shè)計(jì)的簡單化．句意：設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該避免不必要的裝飾物．答案：43．J解析：形容詞soulless，意思是"沒有靈魂的"，該詞在本句中作定語，修飾名詞design．根據(jù)前半句"TheAmerican﹣bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly"可知：美國建筑家RobertVenturi總結(jié)說﹣﹣﹣如果簡約沒有做好，那么這樣的設(shè)計(jì)就是沒有靈魂的．答案：44．G解析：動詞短語experimentwith，意思是"試用，用…做實(shí)驗(yàn)"，句意：后現(xiàn)代主義設(shè)計(jì)師們再一次開始試驗(yàn)裝飾和顏色．答案：45．C解析：名詞appliance，意思是"電器，電氣工具"，該詞可由后面列舉的例子"ovensandkettles"推理得知，指的是廚房電器等物品．答案：46．H解析：形容詞intended，意思是"預(yù)期的"，本句中該詞和系動詞is構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)．句意：對用戶來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品到達(dá)了預(yù)期的效果．答案：47．B解析：形容詞adjustable，意思是"可調(diào)節(jié)的"，本句中該詞做定語修飾名詞desklamp，意思是"可調(diào)節(jié)的臺燈"，與后句中的"regularadjustmentsbytheuser"形成前后呼應(yīng)．答案：48．F解析：動詞direct，意思是"對準(zhǔn)，指揮"，本句中該詞與名詞light構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系．句意：最重要的是，它需要對準(zhǔn)需要光線的地方．答案：49．A解析：動詞短語take…intoaccount"把…考慮在內(nèi)"．句意：他認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)必須要把自然的直覺考慮在內(nèi)，如：視覺，嗅覺，觸覺和味覺．答案：50．K解析：動詞squeeze，意思是"擠壓"，本句中該詞和名詞thetoothpaste構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系．句意：我們很喜歡一個看起來很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上．III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.51．（15分）（2016?上海）Inthe1960s，DouglasMcGregor，oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement，developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY．TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively（51）Dworkandwilldoanythingtoavoidit．TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork．Inanycase，despitesomuchevidencetothe（52）A，manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX．Theybelieve，（53）B，thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively，orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom（54）Dwithoutconsultation．This，ofcourse，makesforauthoritarian（專制的）managers．Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof（55）Cpeople．Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement，somecultures，particularlyinAsia，arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision﹣making﹣allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto（56）Btothisprocess．Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion．ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings，whicharebasedongeneral（57）A．Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional（58）Dmanagerscannot．Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative，tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout（59）Amanagersfirst．Thisempowerment（授權(quán)）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing：（60）Cthenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies．Afterde﹣layeringinthisway，acompanymaybe（61）Bwithjustatoplevelofseniormanagers，front﹣linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic．Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas（62）Bbeenthecase．Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto（63）Dthattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed，andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization，ratherthanless．Anothertrendisoff﹣siteor（64）Amanagement，whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye﹣mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses．Projectmanagersevaluatethe（65）Coftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects，ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem．51．A．desireB．seekC．loseD．dislike52．A．contraryB．expectationC．degreeD．extreme53．A．viceversaB．forexampleC．howeverD．otherwise54．A．outsideB．insideC．belowD．a(chǎn)bove55．A．replacingB．a(chǎn)ssessingC．managingD．encouraging56．A．referB．contributeC．objectD．a(chǎn)pply57．A．a(chǎn)greementB．practiceC．electionD．impression58．A．bossyB．experiencedC．westernD．male59．A．a(chǎn)skingB．trainingC．warningD．firing60．A．doublingB．maintainingC．reducingD．estimating61．A．honouredB．leftC．crowdedD．compared62．A．economicallyB．traditionallyC．inadequatelyD．occasionally63．A．denyB．a(chǎn)dmitC．a(chǎn)ssumeD．ensure64．A．virtualB．ineffectiveC．day﹣to﹣dayD．on﹣the﹣scene65．A．opinionB．riskC．performanceD．a(chǎn)ttractiveness考點(diǎn)：選詞填空難度：中等答案：51．D解析：desire需求，欲望；seek尋找；lose失去，丟失；dislike不喜歡．本句簡單介紹了X理論，由后半句andwilldoanythingtoavoidit可以推知，人們本能地_______工作，這里應(yīng)該是dislike．答案：52．A解析：manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX（管理者們?nèi)匀煌釾理論），由despite…still關(guān)鍵詞可知，即使有很多關(guān)于Y理論的有力證據(jù)，管理者仍然堅(jiān)持X理論，因而，空格處代表的是"Y理論"，即是X理論的相反，故選contrary．答案：53．B解析：viceversa反之亦然；forexample，比如；however然而；otherwise否則．根據(jù)整句內(nèi)容，這里是順勢舉例，沒有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，因此為forexample．答案：54．D解析：根據(jù)前后句的解釋，X理論是一種贊同專制的理論，因此此處為above（上頭，上面的階級），表示決定impose（強(qiáng)加）自上頭，在沒有任何協(xié)商的情況下（withoutanyconsultation）．答案：55．C解析：由后文內(nèi)容可知，不同的文化，有不同的管理人的辦法，在這一點(diǎn)上，西方開始效仿東方國家．這里為managing．答案：56．B解析：根據(jù)文化常識，東方國家要求他人服從/奉獻(xiàn)，因此allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto（56）____tothisprocess．此處為contributeto…，選項(xiàng)為B．答案：57．A解析：根據(jù)文化常識推理，東方國家是在普遍的認(rèn)可下做出決定，因此此處西方國家效仿東方國家，所作的決定是基于普遍的認(rèn)同下的，ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings，whicharebasedongeneral（57）_____．此處為agreement．答案：58．D解析：Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional（58）___managerscannot．此處指出女性能夠成為效率更高的管理者，因?yàn)樗齻冇凶屓诉_(dá)到共同目標(biāo)的手段，這里存在男性和女性的對比，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示"男性沒有的一種力量"，因而為male．答案：59．A解析：由前一句可知toencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative（鼓勵員工的主動性），因此后一句表達(dá)"不需要征詢管理者的同意"，征詢，asking．答案：60．C解析：此句關(guān)鍵字為downsizing（精簡，裁員），因而冒號后為解釋前句的意思，因此為reducing（減少）．答案：61．B解析：后一句為Afterde﹣layeringinthisway的結(jié)果，可知結(jié)果是"只剩下了最高的高級管理者，最前沿的管理者以及直接接觸公眾的雇員（atoplevelofseniormanagers，front﹣linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic），答案B．答案：62．B解析：Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas（62）___beenthecase．比起傳統(tǒng)中自己處理事情，授權(quán)更多地采用委托他人來解決事情．根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)為traditionally．答案：63．D解析：deny否定，admit承認(rèn)，assume奪取，假定，ensure確保；此處提到授權(quán)的好處，應(yīng)該是"確保"，答案為D．答案：64．A解析：virtual虛擬的，ineffective無效的，day﹣to﹣day日復(fù)一日的，on﹣the﹣scene現(xiàn)場的，根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容，teamsofpeoplelinkedbye﹣mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses，可知是虛擬的．答案：65．C解析：opinion意見，risk風(fēng)險，performance表現(xiàn)，attractiveness吸引力，本句句意是"管理者對員工的表現(xiàn)的考核是根據(jù)他們?yōu)轫?xiàng)目作出的貢獻(xiàn)，而不是他們在上面所花的時間"，因而答案為C．SectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.66．（8分）（2016?上海）Oneearlymorning，IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain．Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword"Poems"appearedinbig，hotpinkletters．"Isitgood？"Iaskedher．"Yeah，"sheanswered．"There'soneIreallylikeandyou'lllikeit，too．"Ileanedforward．"‘PattyPoem，'"shereadthetitle．WhoisPatty？Iwondered．Thepoembegan：Sheneverputshertoysaway，Justleavesthemscattered①wheretheylay，…①散亂的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections．Thefinalonecamequickly：Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise②，②穩(wěn)重I'llmissherharum﹣scarum③noise，③莽撞的Andlookinvain④forscatteredtoys．④徒勞地AndI'llbesad．Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme．WhoeverPattywas，shewasameangirl．Then，theshock．"It'syou，honey，"Mymothersaidsadly．Tomymother，thepoemrevealedaparent'saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves．Tome，the"she"inthepoemwashorror．Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad．ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying．"What'swrong？"mymotherasked．"OhMama，"Icried．"Idon'twanttogrowupever!"Shesmiled．"Honey，it'sokay．You'renotgrowingupanytimesoon．Andwhenyoudo，I'llstillloveyou，okay？""Okay，"Iwasstillweeping．Mypanichasgone．ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem．Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime，Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused．Itallfitsowelltogether，likeapuzzle．Thelanguagewassimple，sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning，yetitwasstillbeautiful．Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry，wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson'sworld．Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems，but"PattyPoem"remainsmypoem．Afterall，"PattyPoem"gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits，butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost．66．WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain？BA．Itwasathickenoughbook．B．Somethingonitscovercaughthereye．C．Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest．D．Ithasameaningfultitle．67．Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher，thewriterfeltAatfirst．A．sadB．excitedC．horrifiedD．confused68．Thewriter'smotherlikedtoread"PattyPoem"probablybecauseD．A．itreflectedherownchildhoodB．itwaswritteninsimplelanguageC．itwascomposedbyafamouspoetD．itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen69．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat"PattyPoem"leadsthewritertoA．A．discoverthepowerofpoetryB．recognizeherloveforpuzzlesC．findhereagernesstogrowupD．experiencegreathomesickness．考點(diǎn)：推理判斷難度：中等答案：66．B解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword"Poems"appearedinbig，hotpinkletters．"可知：我的興趣被激發(fā)起來了，主要是因?yàn)檫@本書封面上的字"Poems"是用很大的，艷麗的粉紅色書寫的，故答案選B．答案：67．A解析：根據(jù)文中的"Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme．WhoeverPattywas，shewasameangirl．"可知：當(dāng)我讀完這首詩的時候，我很難過．故答案選A．答案：68．D解析：根據(jù)文中的"Tomymother，thepoemrevealedaparent'saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves．Tome，the"she"inthepoemwashorror．Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad．"可知：對媽媽來說，這首詩揭示的是當(dāng)她的孩子長大和離開她時的父母的感情．對我來說，詩歌中的那個"她"是可怕的，這會讓我的媽媽非常難受．所以作者的母親喜歡讀這首"pattypoem"是因?yàn)檫@首詩歌讓她和未來可能發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系起來了，故答案選D．答案：69．A解析：根段據(jù)文章的最后一段"Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems，but"PattyPoem"remainsmypoem．Afterall，"PattyPoem"gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits，butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost．"可知：這首詩歌讓作者感受到了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，不是因?yàn)檫@首詩提起了我的精神，而是因?yàn)樗亲屛腋杏|最深的一首詩．因此是這首詩歌引領(lǐng)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了詩歌的力量，故答案選A．70．（6分）（2016?上海）Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot？Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s．Sincethen，manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference．In1997，theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions（排放）from2008to2012．Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020．Morerecently，theParisAgreement，stuckbynearly200countries，alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming．Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions．70．Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1thatD．A．theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B．gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC．theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD．humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71．IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement，whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100？DA．Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird．B．Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist．C．Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets．D．TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached．72．Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive，themaximumtemperaturerise，sincethestartoftheindustrialage，shouldbeB．考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解難度：中等答案：70．D解析：根據(jù)文章第一段三至六句"Sincethen，manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference．In1997，theKyoto…stuckbynearly200countries；alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming．"可知自從20世紀(jì)早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排故，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢．故D項(xiàng)正確．答案：71．D解析：根據(jù)文章第二段"Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialPanspromisestoreducecarbonemissions；"可知如果各國的氣體排故能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，到2100年氣溫會比現(xiàn)在高三度．而根據(jù)第三段"Tomeetthisminimumgoal"可知最小的目標(biāo)是上升兩度．也就是說即使各國的氣體排砍能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，也達(dá)不到最小的目標(biāo)．故D正確．答案：72．B解析：根據(jù)第四段"℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement，afterapushbylow﹣lyingislandnationslikeKiribati：whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto℃couldsavethemfromsinkmg．"可知對于那些低海拔的國家來說溫度上升不超過度，就可以避免他們被淹沒．故B正確．73．（10分）（2016?上海）Enough"meaninglessdrivel"．That'sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata．TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee'sreport，releasedlastweek，hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardorkitemark（認(rèn)證標(biāo)記）toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions．"Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone，"saysAndrewMiller，thechairofthecommittee．Instead，hesays，firmsshouldprovideaplain﹣Englishversionoftheirterms．Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal．Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme，buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis．"weneedtothinkthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice，"saysMiller．Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark？"Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey，peoplewouldliketothinktheywould，"saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton，UK，whostudiesopendata．"Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation．"Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter，hesays．Otherorganisationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand，butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew．"Westilldon'tknowhowsignificantthelong﹣termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years'time，"hesays．Shadbolt，whogaveevidencetothecommittee，saystheproblemisthatwedon'tknowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving．Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently，hesays．Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon'texpect，evenifusershaveapparentlypermission，showthatthecurrentsituationisn'tworking．Ifproperlyadministered，akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto．Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem．73．Whatdoesthephrase"meaninglessdrivel"inparagraphs1and3referto？AA．Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmakepeoplesignupto．B．WarningsfromtheUKgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites．C．Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly．D．Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms．74．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhetherB．A．socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyonthekitemarkschemeB．peoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythinkC．a(chǎn)kitemarkschemewouldbeworkableonanationwidescaleD．thekitemarkwouldhelpcompaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodels75．AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecauseD．A．theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldB．thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC．theinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureD．itremainsunknownhowusers'datawillbetakenadvantageof76．ThewriteradvisesusersofsocialmediatoB．A．thinkcarefullybeforepostinganythingontosuchwebsitesB．readthetermsandconditionsevenifthereisakitemarkC．takenofurtheractioniftheycanfindakitemarkD．a(chǎn)voidprovidingtoomuchpersonalinformation77．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage？CA．Saynotosocialmedia？B．Newsecurityrulesinoperation？C．Acceptwithoutreading？D．Administrationmatters!考點(diǎn)：主旨大意難度：中等答案：73．A解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句"…h(huán)asblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontracts…"可知很多社交媒體公司和用戶簽訂了沒有意義的法律合同．而這些合同是沒有意義的廢話，也起不到任何作用，很多用戶根本沒有仔細(xì)閱讀合同的具體內(nèi)容．故A正確．答案：74．B解析：根據(jù)第五段前二句"Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark？Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey，peoplewouldliketothinktheywould，saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton，UK，whostudiesopendata．"可知NigelShadbolt認(rèn)為如果我們?nèi)プ鱿嚓P(guān)調(diào)查，人們會認(rèn)為他們會很注意這些認(rèn)證標(biāo)記的．故B項(xiàng)正確．答案：75．D解析：根據(jù)第六段最后一句"Westilldon'tknowhowsignificantthelong﹣termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years'time，"hesays．可知我們現(xiàn)在還不知道所簽署的這些長期的無意義的合同未來會給他們帶來什么樣的影響．也不知道未來人們會怎么利用這樣的信息．故D項(xiàng)正確．答案：76．B解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句"Ifproperlyadministered，akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto．Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem．"可知文章建議我們即使有認(rèn)證標(biāo)志，我們也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真閱讀那些無意義的合同中的條款和內(nèi)容，我們要知道我們所簽署的協(xié)議的具體內(nèi)容．故B正確．答案：77．C解析：現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)站中或者社交媒睞軟件中，我們在注冊用戶名或安裝的時候總會有一些合同或條約讓我們簽署，很多人從來都沒有詳細(xì)閱讀這些合同條款就簽名了．文章就此話題展開討論，作者提出我們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)閱讀條款內(nèi)容，然后再簽名．故C項(xiàng)"Acceptwithoutreading？未閱讀就接受"符合文章中心思想．其余三項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不貼切．SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.78．（8分）（2016?上海）Walkingwillbebannedonescalatorsaspartofatraildesignedtoreducecongestion（擁堵）atsomeofthecountry'sbusieststations．Inthefirstmoveofitskind，alltravelerswillbeforcedtostandonbothsidesofescalatorsontheLondonUndergroundaspartofaplantoincreasecapacity（容量）attheheightoftherushhour．Asix﹣monthtrialwillbeintroducedatHolbornstationfrommid﹣April，eliminatingtheruleofstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft．Themove，imitatingasimilarstructureinFarEasterncitiessuchasHongKong，isdesignedtoincreasethenumberofpeopleusinglongescalatorsatthebusiesttimes．itcouldbeexpandedacrosstheTubenetworkincomingyears．AccordingtoLondonUnderground，only40percentoftravelerswalkthefulllengthoflongescalators，leavingthemajorityatthebottomastheywaittogetontothe"standing"side．Athree﹣weektrialatHolbornlastyearfoundthatthenumberofpeopleusingescalatorsatanyonetimeofcouldberaisedbyalmostathird．PeterMcNaught，operationsdirectoratLondonUnderground，said："Itmaynotseemrightthatyoucangoquickerbystandingstill，butourexperimentsatHolbornhaveprovedthatitcanbetrue．Thisnewsix﹣monthtrialwillhelpusfindoutifwecaninfluencecustomerstostandonbothsidesinthelongterm．"HolbornhasoneofthelongestsetsofescalatorsontheUndergroundnetworkat．Tubebossesclaimthatcapacitywaslimitedbecausesofewpeoplewantedtowalkup﹣meaningonlyonesidewasusedatalltimes．Researchhasshownthatitismoreeffectiveuseofescalatorsoverbanwalking．Theprevioustrialfoundthatescalatorsatthestationnormallycarried2，500peoplebetween8：30amand9：30amonatypicalday，risingto3，250duringtheresearchingperiod．Inthenewtrial，whichwillbelaunchedfromApril18，oneofthree"up"escalatorswillbestandingonly，withasecondbanningwalkingatpeaktimes．Athirdwillremainamixofwalkingandstanding．（Note：AnsweringthequestionsthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS．）78．Whatistheexistingproblemwithstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft？Thecapacityofescalatorshasn'tbeenmadefulluseof．79．Whatdidlastyear'sthree﹣weektrialatHolbornstationprove？Passengerscangoquickerbystandingstill．80．Theresearchsuggeststhatwalkingshouldbeforbiddenonescalatorsthatareatleastinheight．81．Inthenewtrail，inadditiontoon