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Chapter2PreparingaSpeech―GettingStarted目錄CONTENT01Warm-upQuestions02SelectingaTopic03NarrowingDowntoOneTopic04AnalyzingYourAudience05GatheringMaterials06ExercisesWarm-upQuestionsASupposeyouareaskedtomakeaspeechontheissueofcollegeexamination.Discussingroupstoselectasuitabletopic.BWhatpreparationdoyouconsiderisnecessarybeforeyoustartwritingaspeechdraft?SelectingaTopic01BrainstormingBrainstormingisaprocessofgeneratingcreativeideas.Youcanbrainstormtopicsbythinkingintermsofvariouscategories.02ClusteringTakeasheetofpaperanddivideitintoninecolumnsasfollows:People,Places,Things,Events,Processes,Concepts,NaturalPhenomena,Problems,andPlansandPolicies.Writedownundereachcolumnthefirstfiveorsixideasthatcometoyourmind.03ResearchGototheschooldatabase;Surfonlineforinformationrelevanttothegeneraltopic;Readnewspapers,magazines,andevenwatchmovies;NarrowingDowntoOneTopicdevelopmentAskingGuidelineQuestionsCreatingDiagramsCreatingaClusterDiagramWhichTopicDoYouKnowBestonYourList?WhichTopicIntereststheAudienceMost?CreatinganInvertedTriangleDiagramWhichTopicInterestsYouMost?

Aclusterforthegeneraltopic“environmentalprotection”Aninvertedtrianglediagramfor

“environmentalprotection”

AnalyzingYourAudienceAudience-centeredPurposeofpublicspeaking:communicationtoshareinformation,toconveyideas,toinfluenceopinions.Theaudience-centeredspeakeradjustshisorhertopic,purpose,centralidea,supportingmaterials,organization,andevendeliveryofthespeechinawaythatencouragestheaudiencetolistentohisorherideas.Demographicanalysismayinfluenceyourchoiceofthemes,mainideas,examples,andothersupportingmaterials.Audience

DemographicsAudience’sInterestAudience’sKnowledge

AnalyzingYourAudienceBeforeYouSpeakTherearenouninterestingtopics,onlyuninterestedaudiences.Itisvitalthatyoushiftyourattentiontoyouraudienceandtheirinterestsandnottowhatonlyinterestyou.Youdonotwanttospeakbelowtheaudience’sknowledgelevelofthetopic.Audience’sAttitudeConsidertheaudience’sattitudetowardsthetopicandspeaker.Aretheyinfavor?Aretheyopposed?Aretheyneutral?GatheringMaterialsGatheringMaterialfromYourself

Thefirstandmostconvenientsourceyoucangotoforspeechmaterialsisyourself.Everyonehasaccumulatedknowledgeonspecialsubjectsandhasspecialexperiencesofone’sown,andtheseknowledgeandexperiencescanhelptobringyourspeechtolife.01DoingLibraryResearch:LibraryTakegoodadvantageofthelibrary.Thesourcesyoucanfindinthelibraryincludeprimarysources,secondarysources,printsources,orelectronicsources;Electronicdatabases02SearchingtheInternetAlotofgovernmentwebsitesofferdocumentsandpublications.Businesses,organizations,andindividualsalsopublishmanywebarticlesanddata.Itcanbeapowerfulresearchtoolforyourspeeches.03Exercises1.Whatarethemethodsofselectingatopic?Whichonedoyoufindmostsuitabletoyou?2.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgatheringmaterialsontheinternet?Eachgroupwillhavecollectivebrainstormingonthetopicchosenlasttime.Basedontheresults,eachmemberwillchooseamorespecifictopic.Theafter-

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