中考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

教師姓名學(xué)生姓名教材版本深圳牛津版學(xué)科名稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)年級(jí)八年級(jí)上課時(shí)間2012-08-1814：00-16：00課題名稱(chēng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)重點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)過(guò)程備注Step1:復(fù)習(xí)形容詞Step2:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。MayIhaveyourname 我能知道你的名字嗎Shallwebeginnow我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始嗎Youmustobeytheschoolrules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的位置情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問(wèn)句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看見(jiàn)你，過(guò)來(lái)吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou你要什么Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們！三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化應(yīng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。應(yīng)不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須與一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，并且這個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞要始終是動(dòng)詞原形。④個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，過(guò)去式可以用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。⑤變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)只需將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面。Hecouldbeheresoon,他很快就來(lái)。Wecan'tcarrytheheavybox.我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。I'msorryIcan'thelpyou.對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏?。?考點(diǎn)聚焦各地中考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查都有涉及，但是集中于can,must,may等詞的用法，尤其是can,must,may表示推測(cè)和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越來(lái)越側(cè)重根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，尤其是根據(jù)暗示詞和暗示語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度，從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。二、易混點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥和beabletocan只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)could。beableto有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)?！痶和maynotcan7t語(yǔ)氣肯定，表示“不可能”。maynot語(yǔ)氣不肯定，表示“可能不"。和havetomust表示主觀看法，意為“必須、應(yīng)該”。haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，意為“不得不”。7t和mustn'tcan't意為“不可能”，表示推測(cè)。mustn't意為“禁止、不許”，不表示推測(cè)。三、考點(diǎn)解讀初中階段必須掌握的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,may,must,need,hadbetter,shall,will,should,would,could,might,haveto考點(diǎn)一：can,could的用法：can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性。1,表示能力，意為“能、會(huì)”?！?youspeakJapanese—No,Ican,t.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Should一Haveyouseenmyglassesfindthem.一Sorry.Ihaven,tseenthem.A.can,tB.shouldn,tC.won,tD.mustn't.表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。常見(jiàn)于對(duì)can’tbe的考查，意為“不可能”?！狪sLucyknockingatthedoor—No.It beLucy.SheisinJapannow.A.needn,tB.mustC.can,t.以can開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，表示許可或請(qǐng)求，此時(shí)可等于may.其肯定回答和否定回答分別用can和can,t。但比較委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時(shí)則用can。例如：Youcanusethispen.CanIborrowyourbook—CouldI...我可以……嗎一Ofcourseyoucan.當(dāng)然可以。一CouldIborrowyourdictionary-Ofcourseyou.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will補(bǔ)充：can和beableto的區(qū)別can只有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could)，表示習(xí)慣能力；beableto有各種時(shí)態(tài)，表示“一時(shí)”的能力，即經(jīng)努力而做成了某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.注意：在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。^考—二：may/might的用法may/might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于陳述句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作把握不大。(may>might)表示否定的推測(cè)用maynot,意思是“或許不”Itmayraintomorrow.Shemaybeathome.-Whyisn,theinclass?■Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性較大)Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性較小)—IsMr.Browndrivinghere—I'mnotsure.Hecomebytrain.A.mayB.shallC.needD.must解析：答案為A。從暗示語(yǔ)I’mnotsure.判斷說(shuō)話(huà)人沒(méi)有把握，must意為“一定”，有把握；need為“需要”，與題意不符。故選may，表示推測(cè)，意為“可能、也許”。IsSusangoingtothehometownbytrainIguesssheknowshelikesdrivinghernewcar.A.mustn,tB.can,tC.maynotJohncometoseeustonight,butheisn,tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hasto.表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyouhaveagoodtime.Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed！.may/might表示建議或請(qǐng)求，但might比may?更客氣.和can表示的請(qǐng)求相比，may更正式，can口語(yǔ)化。{Yes,youcan/may.No,youmustn,t/can'tJohn,youneedn,tdoyourworktoday,youdoittomorrowifyou,retired.A.mustB.mayC.can't解析：答案為B。鎖定語(yǔ)境，由暗示語(yǔ)needn7tdo...today,可知“不必今天去做"。根據(jù)tomorrow得知可以“明天做”。may意為“可以"；must意為“必須”，語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)硬；can,t意為“不能”，與題意不符。Ihaveyouname,pleaseYes,Smith.S-M-I-T-H.A.MustB.MayC.Will考點(diǎn)三：must的用法.表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)或一種強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定。意為“必須、應(yīng)該"。否定形式mustn7t表示禁止，意為“不許”。YoumuststayhereuntilIcomebackYoumustn,tplaywithfire.Youmustn,tbelate.一Mum,canIgotothemoviestoday—Sure,butyou finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.canB.can,tC.mustD.needn't解析：答案為C。根據(jù)暗示詞but,first看出說(shuō)話(huà)人語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬。can意為“可以”，語(yǔ)氣不夠強(qiáng)硬；can't意為“不能”；needn,t意為“沒(méi)有必要”，與題意不符。Youwashyourhandsbeforemeals.A.needB.mustC.canThetrafficstopwhenthelightsarered.A.mustB.mayC.can't2.表示推測(cè)，用于肯定句中。意為“一定”，可能性大。多見(jiàn)于對(duì)mustbe的考查。Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.一OurclasswontheEnglishspeakingcontest.一Congratulations!Youbeveryproudofit.A.canB.needC.wouldD.must解析：答案為D。根據(jù)句意“我們班贏得了英語(yǔ)演講比賽”可知，一定很自豪（proud），must意為“一定”，表示推測(cè)的可能性大；canbe語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬些；need意為“需要”；would為委婉詢(xún)問(wèn)，不用于推測(cè)。3.以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用needn,t，表示"不需要、不必”,相當(dāng)于don,thaveto。一MustIfinishmyhomeworknow我必須 嗎一No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，你不必。一Yes,youmust.是的，你必須。一MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy一No,maykeepituntilnextWednesday.A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustD.may解析：答案為A。must的否定回答為needn,to注意：must和haveto的區(qū)別：must表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀思想haveto"不得不，必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.Wemustrelyonourselves.我們必須依靠自己。Mybrotherwasbadlyill,soIcallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.Hesaidthatheworkhard.Wetrustourselves.Westayathomebecauseitisraining.考點(diǎn)四needneed表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為needn’t,意為“沒(méi)有必要，不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為needn,t或don,thaveto。如:---Needhestartfromthebeginning---Yes,hemust.---No,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek,這一周你不必交論文。Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitforanotherweek.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can't補(bǔ)充：作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或代詞，這種情況下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do或does.needsth.這是need最常見(jiàn)的用法之一，其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞，也可以是代詞。如：.Weneedagreatdealofmoneynow.我們需要和多錢(qián)。.Theydon,titanymore.他們不再需要它了。.Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp你爸爸需要幫助嗎needdoing=needtobedoneneed后面可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：①,主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；②,該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：.Thedoorneedspainting.=Thedoorneedstobepainted,那扇門(mén)需要油漆一下。.Yourcarneedsmending.=Yourcarneedstoberepaired.你的車(chē)需要維修了。needtodosth.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面需要接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，表示有義務(wù)或責(zé)任去做某事。如：.Whatdoweneedtotakeforthepicnic野餐我們需要帶些什么.Willweneedtoshowourpassports我們需要出示護(hù)照嗎.Youneedtotakegoodcareofyourmother.你要好好照料你媽媽。knowwhatisreal.A.want/ B.needdoingC.needtoDidtheyityesterdayA.neededtodidB.neededtodo C.needtodoYoutroubleaboutthat.It'snoneofyourbusiness.need ’t ’ttothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.'tcome'tneedcome'ttocome考點(diǎn)五：hadbetter的用法.表建議，意為“最好做某事”。結(jié)構(gòu)為hadbetter（not）+動(dòng)詞原形。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.You'dbetterthewindowsopenwhenyouleavethehouse.A.notleaveB.leaveC.nottoleaveD.toleave解析：答案為A。首先根據(jù)hadbetterdo這一語(yǔ)法特征排除C和D。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，要下雨了”，應(yīng)不讓窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著，所以用否定結(jié)構(gòu)?？键c(diǎn)五：shall,should的用法用于第一，三人稱(chēng)，表示征求意見(jiàn)、詢(xún)問(wèn)。ShallIopenthewindowforyou（征求意見(jiàn)）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou（請(qǐng)求）Whataniceday!WegosurfingGoodidea!ShallB.MustC.Need在陳述句中,shall用于二、三人稱(chēng)表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。YoushalldoasIsay.（命令）Nothingshallstopmedoingit.（決心）Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow. （允諾）should常表示勸告、建議、命令，意為“應(yīng)該”。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Schoolallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.mightC.shouldD.could解析：答案為C?？疾閟hould表示“應(yīng)該”的用法。would意為“請(qǐng)求”；might意為“可能”；could意為“能夠”。根據(jù)句意“學(xué)校應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生每天運(yùn)動(dòng)一小時(shí)”，所以選擇should。Boys,youbesittinginthisroom.Itisforyourteachersonly.A.shouldn,tB.don,thavetoC.won,t考點(diǎn)六：will,would的用法.表示意志或意愿：決心，愿意，……好嗎？Wewilldoourbesttosavethechild.我們會(huì)盡力搶救這個(gè)孩子。Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn,tlisten,我叫她別哭，可她就是不愿聽(tīng)。注：表示請(qǐng)求、建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)，用Wouldyou…比用Willyou…更婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen請(qǐng)讓門(mén)開(kāi)著好嗎Will/Wouldyougowithme你愿意和我一起去嗎.表示習(xí)慣：慣于，總是或者自然傾向。Oilwillfloatonwater.沒(méi)總是浮在水面上。Shewilllistentomusicaloneinherroomforhours.他獨(dú)自在房間里聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，一聽(tīng)往往就是幾小時(shí)Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.他住在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)總是早起。.表示要求：一定，必須Youwillreporttomeafterward.你稍后一定要向我報(bào)告。.表示猜測(cè)：可能，大概Thiswillbethehouseyou,relookingfor,這大概就是你找的那所房子了。Ithinkhewouldaccepttheinvitation.我想他會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。.表示功能：能Thisauditoriumwill/wouldseatonethousandpeople.這個(gè)禮堂能容納一千人?！狿leasebringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow,Steven.—OK,I.A.willB.won'tC.doD.don't—Ben,wouldyouliketoplayfootballwithus—,butIhavetowashthedishesfirst.A.No,Ican,tB.Idon,twanttoC.Yes,pleaseD.I,dloveto補(bǔ)充：wouldlike表示愿意Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.我想同你說(shuō)句話(huà)。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea請(qǐng)你喝杯茶好嗎wouldrather...than…寧愿 也不愿 Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我寧愿考不及格，也不愿意考試作弊?？键c(diǎn)七：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞（多考查can,mustshould的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。）Attentions,please!Allthemobilephonesmustbeforethemeetingstarts.offB.beturnedoffC.beturningoff解析：答案為B。由主語(yǔ)mobilephones與動(dòng)詞turnoff的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A。根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)must+be+過(guò)去分詞，應(yīng)選B?？键c(diǎn)八：小結(jié)表推測(cè)must,can,could,may,might語(yǔ)氣依次減弱。Must:用于肯定句有把握的推測(cè)，一定。Can：用于一般疑問(wèn)句，否定句，會(huì)can't不可能的意思。Could比can較弱。May：用于肯定句，否定句沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，可能；maynot可能不的意思。Might比may弱。Therestaurantbeverygood.Itisalwaysfullofpeople.A.mayB.canC.mustJohncometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hastoClass3wonthefootballmatch!itbetrueA.MayB.MustC.CanTommyhasjusthadlunch.Hehungrynow.A.mustn'tbe B.can’tbeC.maynotbelightintheofficeisoff.Theteacherbetherenow.mayB.can’tC.mustn'tD.mustparentsboughthimalargehouse.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can'tshould,oughtto（按理應(yīng)當(dāng)）,would,willpR可能）等也可表示推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣都較肯定，且由左至右依次增強(qiáng)，但較must稍弱。Itisalready10o,clocknowtheyshouldbethere.關(guān)于表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面所接動(dòng)詞形式，有下列三種情況：若對(duì)此刻正在發(fā)生的事，接“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”；若對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，接動(dòng)詞原形；若對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，接“have+過(guò)去分詞”。Practice—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace—Sorry,Iamnotsure.Itbe.A.might????????????B.willC.must????????????????????????D.canYoumightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomersnotlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.must?????????B.shallC.may?????????????????????D.need—Isn,tthatAnn,shusbandoverthere—No,itbehim-I,msurehedoesn,twearglasses.A.can't??????????????B.mustnotC.won't???????????????????D.maynot4一WhencanIcomeforthephotosIneedthemtomorrowafternoon.-Theybereadyby12:00.A.can?????????????????B.shouldC.might????????????????????D.needIhavelostoneofmygloves.Isomewhere.A.mustdrop??B.musthavedropped?C.mustbedropping????????????D.musthavebeendropped—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyouYouwithBarbara.A.couldhavestayed?????B.couldstayC.wouldstay????????D.musthavestayed一Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.—Oh,hehavebeenaverysmartboythen.A.could???????B.shouldC.might???????????D.mustYoubetired—you,veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnot???????B.won,tC.can't?????????????????D.maynotIdidn'thearthephone.Iasleep.

A.mustbe?????B.musthavebeenC.shouldbe?????D.shouldhavebeen—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.A.must?????????B.wouldC.should??????????D.mightMichaelbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn't????????B.can,tC.should????????????????????????????D.mayStep3:Practice.一MustIreturnthehooktomorrowmorning一No,you_.Youcankeepitlonger.A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.couldn't.一Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?一Notyet.WegotoQingdao.Itisagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.shouldC.needD.must.一MustIbehomebeforeeighto'clock,Mum?—No,you.Butyouhavetocomebackbeforeteno'clock.A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't.一Iborrowyourhistorybook 一Sure.Hereyouare.A.Must B.May C.Need D.Will.一Let,sgodancingtonight.! 一Sorry,Ihavetogotomyguitarlesson.A.mustn,t B.needn,t C.can't.-Dad,canIgotothemoviestonight?D.mightD.mustn,t,goneC.can'tbeA.can't;muchtooB,can't;toomuch11.—D.mightD.mustn,t,goneC.can'tbeA.can't;muchtooB,can't;toomuch11.—wecleantheclassroomatonceC