Donne：A Valediction(多恩：離別辭.節(jié)哀)

outline

----JohnDonneHistoricalbackgroundIntroducetheJohnDonneMetaphysicalpoetry(玄學(xué)派)AValediction:ForbiddingMourning（離別辭·節(jié)哀）

HistoricalbackgroundPolitics1Economic2Literature3Science4AbsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandThebourgeoisiecouldnolongerbeartheswayoflandednobilityThecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandthebourgeoisiehadreacheditspeakandresultedinarevolutionaryoutburstPoliticstheseventeenthcenturywasaperiodofgreatcommercialexpansionforEnglandasEuropeantradeshiftedfromtheMediterraneantotheAtlantic.bankingdevelopedinthe17thcentury.AsEnglandgrewmorecommercialsolendingmoneybecamemoreimportant.

EnglandisintheearlydaysofcapitalismEconomy

theeraofDonneandRobertBurton(theobsessiveanatomistofmelancholy)deservedtobecalledtheAgeofAnxiety.“Metaphysical”poetstriedtoreinforcethetraditionallyricformsofloveanddevotionbystretchingthemtocomprehendnewandextremeintellectualenergies.Literature

Revolutioninthoughtoccurredduringthe17thcentury.FrancisBaconarguedthat

carefulobservationandexperimentwasthekeytofindingouthowthenaturalworldworks.Peoplearekeentoastronomy,medicine,physicsandsoonNicolausCopernicusproposedaheliocentric

whichoverturnedearthcenteroftheuniverseIntheageofdiscovery,voyagedevelopedin17thcentury.ScientificJohnDonne

Occupation:priest,lawyer,poetNationality:EnglishAlmamater:Oxford,Cambridge(未得到學(xué)位）1572—1631Love&ReligionBorninaCatholicfamilyIn1598privatesecretary,promisingIn1601marriedwith

AnneMore,ThisweddingruinedDonne'scareerIn1615,hebecamean

priestIn1621,hewasappointedthe

DeanofStPaul‘s

Cathedral(圣保羅大教堂教長）inLondonMetaphysicalPoetry

1、

concept2、features3、representatives1、

Concept“metaphysicalpoetry”Itiscommonlyusedtodesignatetheworksofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceof

JohnDonne.2、FeaturesWitharebelliousspirit1、Diction：simple

2、Imagery：theactuallife、

novel（新奇）

suchas:compasses

（圓規(guī)）3、Form：

argument

3、RepresentativesJohnDonne-theleadingfigureofthe'metaphysicalschool'GeorgeHerbert（喬治赫伯特）HenryVaughan（亨利沃恩）RichardCrashaw（理查德克拉肖）AndrewMarvell(安德魯馬韋爾）AValediction:ForbiddingMourning.

-----byJohnDonne(wroteforhiswife)Structure：Part1：stanza（詩的一節(jié)）1~2(death)Part2：stanza3(earthquake)Part3：stanza4~6(gold)Part4：stanza7~9(compass)Part1：Stanza1：Asvirtuous(高德)menpassmildlyaway,Andwhispertotheirsouls,togo,

正如高德之人逝世很安然，對靈魂輕輕的說一聲，走吧,Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay,Thebreathgoesnow,andsomesay,No.悲傷的朋友們聚在旁邊，有的說斷氣了，有的說沒有.Mainthought:soulsandbodiesMetaphor：parting——deathPart1：Stanza2：Soletus①melt（融化）andmakenonoise,Notear-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove;讓我們化了，一聲也不作；淚浪也不翻，嘆風(fēng)也不興;‘Twereprofanation(褻瀆)ofourjoysTotellthelaity（俗人）ourlove.那是褻瀆我們的歡樂——要是對俗人講我們的愛。①SoulsandbodiestogetherMainthought:loveisholyMetaphor：tear——floodssigh——tempests

Part2：Stanza3：Movingofth'earthbringsharmsandfears;Menreckonwhatitdid,andmeant;地動會帶來災(zāi)害和驚恐，人們估計(jì)它干什么，要怎樣。

Buttrepidationofthespheres,Thoughgreaterfar,isinnocent.可是那些天體的震動，雖然大得多，什么也不傷。Mainthought:partingdoesnotalwayscometoinjure.Metaphor：parting——trepidationofthespheresInfluence：seafaringandscienceEarthquakesPart3：Stanza4：Dullsublunarylovers'love—Whosesoulissense—cannotadmitOfabsence,'causeitdothremoveThethingwhichelementedit.

世俗的男女彼此的相好，（他們的靈魂是官能）就最忌別離，因?yàn)槟蔷蜁∠?；組成愛戀的那一套東西。Stanza5：Butwebyalovesomuchrefined,Thatourselvesknownotwhatitis,Inter-assurèdofthemind,Careless,eyes,lipsandhandstomiss.

我們被愛情提煉得純凈，自己都不知道存什么念頭?；ハ嘣谛撵`上得到了保證，再不愁碰不到眼睛、嘴和手。Part3：Stanza6：Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,ThoughImustgo,endurenotyetAbreach,butanexpansion,Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.

兩個靈魂打成了一片，雖說我得走，卻并不變成。破裂，而只是向外伸延，像金子打到薄薄的一層。Mainthought:bodiesareseparatedbuttheirsoulsaretogether(Plato’sconcept)Metaphor：love——gold

Part4：Stanza7：If①theybetwo,theyaretwo②so

③Asstifftwincompassesaretwo;Thysoul,④thefix'dfoot,makesnoshowTomove,but⑤doth,⑥ifth'otherdo.

就還算兩個吧，兩個卻這樣。和一副兩腳規(guī)情況相同；靈魂是定腳．并不像。移動．另一腳一移，它也動。①Thesoulsofthepoetandhislover②Insuchaway③Asstiffasthetwolegsofacompass④Thefixedfootremainsatthecenterofthecircle⑤Moves⑥IfthefootthatdrawsthecircumferenceofthecirclemovesPart4：Stanza8：Andthough①itinthecentresit,Yet,whentheotherfardothroam,雖然它一直是坐在中心，可是另一個去天涯海角，

②Itleans,andhearkensafter③it,Andgrowserect,as

④thatcomeshome.它就側(cè)了身．傾聽八垠；那一個一回家，它馬上挺腰。

①②Thefixedfootatthecenterofthecircle.③④ThefootthatdrawsthecircumferenceofthecircleTolistentosb.sth.Part4：Stanza9：Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust,Like①th‘otherfoot,obliquely（傾斜）run;Thyfirmnessmakesmycircle②just,

③

Andmakes