聽力能力基本規(guī)律與技巧剖析

聽力能力基本規(guī)律與技巧

語音規(guī)律包括辨音、音變現(xiàn)象（如音的連讀、弱讀、簡化、同化、失去爆破）、重音等。連讀是口語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的音變現(xiàn)象。前面的單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，在講話時(shí)通常會發(fā)生連讀。如：anapple,讀成anapple。如Fogisspreadingtoallareas.前三個(gè)單詞連讀成了/fogizpredin/。1、以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞+元音開頭的單詞：要連讀如：I’dli(kea)notherbow(lo)frice.這里like/laik/以輔音結(jié)尾，another以元音開頭，所以連讀2、以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞+h開頭的單詞h不發(fā)音，與前面的輔音whatwil(lhe)[wili]do?Ha(she)doneitbefore?Mus(the)[ti]go?Canhedoit?Shouldhe….?Tellhimtoaskher….Lea(vehim)[vim].按照這種連讀方式發(fā)音省力、輕松了許多。再次證實(shí)”Economy”。音的同化音的同化也是一種連讀的現(xiàn)象，兩個(gè)詞之間非常平滑的過渡，導(dǎo)致一個(gè)音受臨音影響而變化。主要是以下三種方式：1、輔音[d]與[j]相鄰時(shí)，被同化為[dэ]：Wouldyou....?2、輔音[t]與[j]相鄰時(shí)，被同化為[t∫]：Can’tyou…？3、輔音[s]與[j]相鄰時(shí),被同化為[∫]：Missyou失音由于失去爆破是失音的一種現(xiàn)象，摩擦音也會被失去，所以統(tǒng)稱為失音。爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻礙，把氣流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接發(fā)出相鄰的輔音。1、輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。這樣的例子有很多很多，紅色標(biāo)注的輔音不發(fā)音：Sitdown:發(fā)音再次的老師都不會發(fā)出[t]音Contactlens:BigcakeDadtoldmeHugechangeGoodnight濁化1、[S]后面的清輔音要濁化Discussion：[k]濁化成[g]Stand：[t]濁化成[d]Expression：[p]濁化成[b]2、美音中：[t]在單詞的中間被濁化成[d]writer，聽起來和rider的發(fā)音幾乎沒有區(qū)別letter—ladderoutof美國人和加拿大人發(fā)音為了省事，習(xí)慣清音濁化，尤其是[t]在單詞的中間一定會濁化成[d]，但英國人發(fā)音不會這樣，這也是英音和美音的一大區(qū)別。了解這一濁化原則，會給聽力帶來一些幫助。爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,然后氣流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音。這些音有6個(gè),即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情況下,發(fā)爆破音時(shí),氣流不必沖破阻礙,而只是發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,并稍做停頓,(也就是說,做好要發(fā)出這個(gè)爆破音的準(zhǔn)備,但不要發(fā)出音來),這樣的發(fā)音過程叫作"不完全爆破"。1./p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/這6個(gè)爆破音中的任何兩個(gè)音素相鄰時(shí),前者發(fā)不完全爆破音,后者則要完全地。徹底地進(jìn)行爆破。如:1)Hehasaba(d)col(d)today.2)Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.2.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/tF/,/dV/,/W/,/T/的前面時(shí)不完全爆破。如:1)Haveyourea(d)thebookabou(t)tha(t)child。2)Thethir(d)chairisbroken.3.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/的前面時(shí)不完全爆破。如:1)Goo(d)morning,sir.2)Goo(d)night.3)Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.注意:不完全爆破可以發(fā)生在單詞。短語或句子中。弱讀一般來說：實(shí)詞重讀，如動詞、名詞、副詞等；虛詞弱讀，如介詞、代詞等弱讀的規(guī)則一般是：元音音節(jié)弱化成[E]或比如說如下幾個(gè)單詞：for/to/some/does/of查字典會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如for:重讀時(shí)[fR:],弱讀時(shí)[fE]語調(diào)規(guī)律注意和分析單詞在句中的重讀規(guī)律有助于識別單詞、詞組并區(qū)分實(shí)詞、虛詞；而注意說話者的語氣并分析語句的升、平、降調(diào)則有助于了解說話人的情感、態(tài)度，從而正確判斷說話人之間的關(guān)系，推斷說話人的意圖和目的。英語中的陳述句、特殊疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句多用降調(diào)。升調(diào)常表示疑問、懷疑、不解、或不確定，不但常用在一般疑問句中，也用在陳述句、特殊疑問句、婉轉(zhuǎn)祈使句或反意疑問句中。例如:Ithoughtitwouldbeallright.(表示推測或不確定)。(↗)Youhaven’tseenthefilm,haveyou？（期待給與否定回答）(↗)It’sawonderfulfilm,don’tyouthinkso？（期待給與肯定回答）(↗)虛擬語氣的語調(diào)往往很強(qiáng)烈，句尾使用高降調(diào)。例如：HowIwishIwereastudent!（↘）句法規(guī)律

主要包括兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：a)聽力材料中有些詞，尤其是虛詞（如連詞、介詞等）往往不易一下聽出來，必須運(yùn)用句法知識加以彌補(bǔ)；b)英語中有些特殊的句型句式、習(xí)慣用法常令學(xué)生在聽力測試中倍感困惑，僅舉幾例說明。

例1:Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.開車時(shí)越小心越好。cannot(cannot)/cannever與too連用表示“越------越好”；“再------也不為過”HeisnomoreabletoreadSpanishthanIam.他和我一樣都讀不懂西班牙文。nomore…than的意思為“和------一樣不”。邏輯規(guī)律一段話或一個(gè)段落往往表達(dá)一個(gè)相對獨(dú)立的觀點(diǎn)或敘述一個(gè)相對完整的事件。其中表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語、表達(dá)說話者意圖的關(guān)鍵詞、用于承上啟下的關(guān)鍵句等，對于把握整個(gè)對話或段落的中心思想起著至關(guān)重要的作用，必須予以充分注意。例如:M:I’msorry,Madam.Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule.Takeaseat.I’llinformyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.W:Thankyou.I’dratherlookaround,andI’llbebackinseveralminutes.Q:Whatcanbeconcludedabouttheplane?本段對話聽起來較長，但就答題而言，關(guān)鍵只有一句，即“Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule(飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)了).因此，只要聽出這一點(diǎn)，便能準(zhǔn)確地回答問題。做題技巧一．卷子發(fā)下來后快速的瀏覽一遍，包括題干和答案。這樣會大大提高你對聽力的理解---知道它是講什么內(nèi)容，大概是怎么回事。二．沒聽懂的題目，就放棄它，千萬不要在聽下道題的時(shí)候還在想上道題。這樣會引起頭腦的混亂。掌握節(jié)奏合理安排時(shí)間可能沒有哪種考試對時(shí)間安排的要求比聽力考試還要苛刻?！颁浺舨坏热恕?，所以很多考生答題時(shí)都很緊張。其實(shí)，聽力考試每分鐘閱讀的字?jǐn)?shù)和停頓時(shí)間有嚴(yán)格限制：約每分鐘140詞，每個(gè)問題后有約15秒停頓。聽力是一種Paraphrase考試Paraphrase就是運(yùn)用同類詞語的替換或句型的變換解釋句或段的意義。聽力考試多數(shù)時(shí)候是一種paraphrase考試，它往往考的不是考生是否聽見，而是考考生是否聽懂。把命題中的對話和段落原封不動地照搬到答案里，等著考生把它挑出來，這種題型幾乎找不到。絕大多數(shù)題目，要求考生把聽到的原文進(jìn)行變換和歸納，對應(yīng)到選項(xiàng)中。聽懂語調(diào)和重音英語和漢語一樣，說話人通過各種各樣的語調(diào)和重音的變化表達(dá)不同的意思。專業(yè)的錄音人更是力求表演得真實(shí)，他們絕不會用平淡的語調(diào)表示自己的驚訝，也絕不會把重音放在無關(guān)緊要的詞上。重讀的每一處都具有提示作用。因而，從錄音人的表現(xiàn)中就能推測出人物的心理活動、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。重音和語調(diào)是最為重要的線索。PracticeDictationDirections:Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings，thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence，orphrasebyphrase，withintervalsof15seconds．Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork．Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore．EcotourismNowadaysmanyofustrytoliveinawaythatwilldamagetheenvironmentaslittleaspossible.Werecycleournewspapersandbottles;wetakepublictransporttogettowork;andwetrytobuylocallyproducedfruitandvegetables.Andwewanttotaketheseattitudesonholidaywithus.Thisiswhyalternativeformsoftourismarebecomingpopularintheworld.Therearelotsofnamesforthesenewformsoftourism：responsibletourism，naturetourism，adventuretourism，educationaltourismandmore.Althougheveryonemayhaveadifferentdefinition，mostpeopleagreethatthesenewformsoftourismshoulddothefollowing:

first，theyshouldconservethewildlifeandcultureofthearea;second，theyshouldbenefitthelocalpeople;third，theyshouldmakeaprofitwithoutdestroyingnaturalresources;andfinallytheyshouldprovideanexperiencethattouristswanttopayfor.LongConversations1.TheEthicalConsumerResearchAssociationwillprovideinformationtoshoppersonAproductprice．Bproductquality．Cmanufacturers．Dproductionmethods．2.Accordingtotheconversation，anethicalshoppershouldAaskforothers’advicebeforebuyingthings．Bconsidertheworthofsomethingtobebought．Cpostponebuyingthingswheneverpossible．Dsearchforthingsthatarelesscostly．3.Accordingtotheconversation，ethicalshopperscanbebestdescribedasAshrewdBthriftyCextravagantDcautiouscbb4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutMary？ASheisenjoyingherlanguagestudy．BSheisenjoyinghermanagementstudy.CSheisnotfeelingverywellatthemoment．DSheisnothappyaboutherstudypressure5.WhatdoesMarythinkofthecourseinitially？AItisuseful．BItisdifficult．CItischallenging．DItisinteresting．6.WhatisMary’sproblemoflivinginafamilyhouse？AShedislikesthefoodsheeats．BSheisunabletosleepwell．CShehasnochancetomakefriends.DShefindstherenthigh．7.WhichofthefollowingisMr．Davies’advice？ATotrytomakemorefriends．BTotrytochangeaccommodation．CTospendmoretimeonEnglish．DTostopattendinglanguageclasses．dacb8.Accordingtotheconversation，thedayisspecialbecauseAmanypeoplearesurfingthenetonthatday．Bitisananniversaryoftheinternet.Cthenetbroughtaboutnochangesuntilthatday．Dbigchangeswilltakeplaceonthatday．9.WelearnfromtheconversationthatpeopleAcannotJivewithouttheinternet．Bcannotworkwithouttheinternet．Callusetheinternettokeepintouch．Dhavevariedopinionsaboutinternetuse．10.Attheendoftheconversation．thespeakerstalkaboutAthefutureoftheinternet．Bthetypeofofficefurniture．Cwhenchangeswillcome．Dhowpeoplewillusetheinternet．bda11．Inordertoopenabankaccount，youneedtoproduce____inadditiontoyourpassport．A．a(chǎn)librarycard

B．a(chǎn)registrationform

C．a(chǎn)telephonebillD．a(chǎn)receipt12．WhichofthefollowingmightNOTbeincludedinthe“utilitybill”?

A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．Accordingtothepassage，whatcanonedointhepostoffice?

A．Gettingcontactdetails．B．Obtainingtaxforms．

C．Payinghousingrents．

D．Applyingforloans．cad14．Accordingtothepassage，‘scheduling’meansthatyou

A．needtobeefficientinwork．B．planyourworkproperly．

C．trytofinishworkaheadoftime．D．knowhowtoworkinteams．15．Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheactivitiestorelaxcouldbeA．protectingwildanimals．B．spendingtimewithyourfamily．

C．learninghowtoreadefficiently．D．learninghowtodogardening．16．OneofthewaystoreducestressistoA．dobetterthananyoneelse．B．fulfillhighambitionsinone'swork．

C．workandhavereasonableaims．D．startwitharelativelylowaim．17．Accordingtothepassage，toreducestresshassomethingtodowiththefollowingEXCEPTA．one'sposition．B．one'sinterest．C．one'shealth．D．one'smood．bdca18．Accordingtothepassage，newwordstendtocomefromA．worldpolitics．B．a(chǎn)dvancesinscience．

C．a(chǎn)reasoflife．

D．a(chǎn)lltheabove．19．ThepassageexplainsthelargerandrichervocabularyofEnglishmainlyfromaviewpoint．A．historicalB．CulturalC．commercialD．colonial20．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheEnglishlanguage?

A．Itisoutdatedingrammar．B．Itacceptsnewwordsfromscience．

C．Ithasbeguntakinginnewwords．D．Ittendstoembracenewwords．dad21.Wherewasthemarblestatuefound?A.Outinthesea．

B．Insideabathhouse．

C.Onacliffalongthecoast．D．OnthecoastoutsideJerusalem．

22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheconditionofthestatue?A.Itwasincomplete．B.Itwasrecentartwork．

C.Itwasfairlytall．

D.Itwasinpieces．da23．TherescueeffortsconcentratedmainlyonA．theU.S.—CanadaborderB．snow-strickenregions．

C．highways．

D．citystreets．24．Accordingtothenews，thelastgroupofpeoplemighthavebeenstrandedintheirvehiclesformorethan____hoursbeforebeingrescued．A．24

B．25

C．40

D．48cd1.

A.$4.

B.$5.

C.$8.

D.$10.

2.

A.Heisn'tcertain.

B.InApril.

C.InOctober.

D.BetweenAprilandOctober.3.

A.Intheclassroom.

B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inapost-office.

D.Onatrain.4.

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Agirlandherboyfriend.

C.Colleagues.

D.Friends.5.

A.Gofishing.

B.Eatout.

C.Goshopping.

D.Buyfish.DABBA6.

A.Tomdidn'tpass,althoughhehadtriedhisbest.

B.Tomjustgotapassingscore.

C.Tomgotanexcellentscore,whichwasunexpected.

D.Tomwasdisappointedathismathscore.7.

A.She'sgoingawayforawhile.

B.Shedidwellonthetest.

C.Sheworkedhardandearnedalotofmoney.

D.Shedidn'thavetoworkhardfortheexam.8.

A.Toaskthespeakertohelphim.

B.Toaskthespeakertodoitinsteadofhim.

C.Toaskthespeakertogoaway.

D.Toaskthespeakernottosayanything.BBA12.

A.Thestudentsneededoff-campusjobs.

B.Thetheaterdepartmentneededmoretalentedstudents.

C.Theoperacompanywaslookingforvolunteers.

D.Thenewdeanthoughtitwouldprovidegoodexperienceforthestudents.13.

A.Workwithanoperatroupe.

B.Workpart-timeforthedean.

C.Performontheradio.

D.Submittheirsuggestionstothedean.14.

A.Agoodsingingvoice.

B.Acommitmenttotheprojectfortwosemesters.

C.Anacademicconcentrationintheaterarts.

D.Acertaingradepointaverage.15.

A.Tochooseatopicforatermpaper.

B.Totypesomeresearchmaterials.

C.Tofindmaterialnotavailableatthemainlibrary.

D.Tolearntousethecomputersthere.DACC要素一、精聽

堅(jiān)持每天花半小時(shí)精聽，不要間斷。建議至少聽三輪：第一輪：將沒有聽清楚和明白的地方標(biāo)注出來。第二輪：第一輪中標(biāo)注的地方仔細(xì)聽，直到聽懂，修改第一輪的答案。然后對照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，錯(cuò)誤地方的認(rèn)真分析，標(biāo)注。第三輪：邊聽邊寫下內(nèi)容，可以先嘗試短對話，再寫寫長對話，寫完后對照原文，查漏補(bǔ)缺。精聽的內(nèi)容可以選擇模擬題或05年以前的真題，剩下的真題留到后期做整套的檢測。要素二、泛聽

泛聽的內(nèi)容就不用局限于考試題型了。VOA，英音版《新概念》第二冊或第三冊，以及英文歌曲都可以作為泛聽材料。吃飯時(shí)，睡覺前都可以聽，不要求每句話都聽懂，主要是讓自己的耳朵適應(yīng)英語語言環(huán)境。下載一批到自己手機(jī)里，這批聽的大概意思都差不多能聽明白時(shí)就換下一批。要素三、掌握一定的聽力技巧

聽力基礎(chǔ)能力的提升固然重要，但對于要迫切通過四六級的考生來說，技巧的掌握可使大家通關(guān)事半功倍。短文與短對話題型的小技巧。1、聽什么就選什么：視聽一致，邊聽邊選，一一對應(yīng)。2、順序原則：注意題目和文章的考點(diǎn)有先后順序?qū)?yīng)的關(guān)系。3、解釋原則：針對超綱的重要單詞，如果是考點(diǎn)，后面會給出具體的解釋。比如，03年9月份passage2，開頭單詞graffiti。4、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比原則：轉(zhuǎn)折典型詞匯：如but，however，neverthe