八年級(jí)英語下Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells SectionA

Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?SectionA1a-2cDidyousleepwelllastnight?Whattimedidyougotobed?Whattimedidyougetupthismorning?Howlongdid

yousleep

lastnight?Isleptfor…·Whendidyoustartclasstoday?·What’sthetimenow?·Areyoustillhavingclassnow?-Ihavebeen

inclass

for…·Howlonghave

you

been

inclasstoday?A:Howlongdidyousleeplastnight?B:Islept

for

…A:Whendidyoustartclasstoday?B:Istartedclass

at…A:Howlong

haveyoubeeninclasstoday?B:Ihavebeeninclass

for…PairworkshellsIlikecollecting

shells.NewwordsashellastampIlike

collecting

stamps.stampsTheyarerunning

amarathon.Theyare

raisingmoneyforcharity.raisemoneyforcharityaskateapairofskatesSheisskating.Sheisaskater.Howlong

hasshebeenplayingcomputer?(fourhours)Shehasbeenplayingcomputerforfourhours.Howlong

hashebeenplayingbaseball?(twohours)Hehasbeenplayingbaseballfortwohours.Howlong

havetheybeenworking?(aweek)Theyhavebeenworking

foraweek.Howlong

hashebeenridingamotorcycle?(tenhours)Hehasbeenridingitfortenhours.A:Howlonghaveyoubeenplayingsoccer?B:I’vebeenplayingsoccerfortwohours.havebeenNow:3:00pmStart:1:00pmIlikeplayingsoccer

Istartedplayingsoccerat1:00pm.I’mstillplayingsoccernow.IstartedteachingEnglishin2002.IamstillteachingEnglishnow.HowlonghaveyoubeenteachingEnglish?

I

havebeenteaching

Englishfor11years.have/has是助動(dòng)詞been是be的過去分詞表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并有可能持續(xù)下去．

時(shí)態(tài)－現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）構(gòu)成形式：have/hasbeen+Ving

for+一段時(shí)間have/hasbeen+doingsth+since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

since+從句(一般過去時(shí))與過去時(shí)的比較：1.IwatchedTVforthreehours.我看了三小時(shí)的電視．（我現(xiàn)在沒有看電視了）2.IhavebeenwatchingTVforthreehours.我看了三小時(shí)的電視．（我現(xiàn)在仍然在看電視）例句

1我已經(jīng)學(xué)了５年的英語了．I

havebeenlearningEnglishfor5years.例句2他已經(jīng)集郵10年了．Hehasbeencollectingstamps

for10years.Hehasbeencollectingstamps

since10yearsago.Hehasbeencollectingstamps

since1999.畫線部分提問：Howlonghashebeencollectingstamps?（二）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的介詞for與since的區(qū)別forsince表示時(shí)間的持續(xù)for+時(shí)間段表示“自從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來”since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(for與since引導(dǎo)的短語用howlong提問)時(shí)間狀語for與since引導(dǎo)的短語forfiveminutestendaysfiveyearssinceMay1,20038:00hewassevenyearsoldsevenyearsago成龍（JackieChan）wasborn:1954act:1961~nowHehasbeenacting

for52years.HowlonghasJackieChan

beenacting?Hehasbeenacting

sincehewas7yearsold.Hehasbeenacting

since1961.Traceywasborn:1981

learnEnglish:1994~now

HowlonghasTraceybeenlearningEnglish?ShehasbeenlearningEnglishsince1994.ShehasbeenlearningEnglishfor19years.ShehasbeenlearningEnglishsinceshewas13.ShehasbeenlearningEnglishsince19yearsago.PairworkLinda/30minutesHarry/45minutesAlice4hoursAlan/3hours

2years1hourA:Howlonghashe/shebeen………?B:He/she’sbeen…….for…………1b.Listen.Areporteristalkingtotheparticipantsinaskatingmarathon.Fillinthechartbelow.

Howlong?AlisonI’vebeenskatingforfivehours.SamIskatedforfourhours.VictorCeliaI’vebeenskatingforfivehours.Iskatedfortwohours.PairworkA:HowlonghasAlisonbeenskating?B:She’sbeenskatingforfivehours.A:HowlongdidSamskate?B:Heskatedforfourhours.2aListentotheinterviewwiththeskatingmarathonwinnerandcheckthequestionsyouhear.Questions

Answers

1.Howlongdidyouskatetoday?a.No,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.

2.Howlonghaveyoubeenskatingtoday?b.Yes,Ido.

3.Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon?c.Forsixhours.

4.Doyouskateeveryday?

5.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates?d.SinceIwassevenyearsold.

6.Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?NameHobbyYearsNameHobbyYearsTomskating2Maryswimming3Jackcollectingstamps4Johnplayingbasketball2

1.HowlonghasTombeenskating?Hehasbeenskatingfortwoyears.2.HowlonghasJackbeencollectingstamps?Hehasbeencollectingstampsforfouryears.4.HowlonghasMarybeenswimming?Shehasbeenswimmingforthreeyears.5.HowlonghasJohnbeenplayingbasketball?Hehasbeenplayingbasketballfortwoyears.用for和since填空TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.HaveatrysinceforsinceforsinceSinceSummary:Newwordsandexpressions:Grammar:collect,shell,marathon,pair,skate,since

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

have/hasbeen+doingsth.

+

for+一段時(shí)間

since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

since+從句

(一般過去時(shí))GrammarfocusHowlonghaveyoubeenskating?I’vebeenskating

sincenineo’clock.I’vebeenskating

forfivehours.Howlongdidyouskate?Iskatedfortwohours.定義：表示某動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常有可能持續(xù)下去,常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語:1.for+一段時(shí)間

2.since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

3.since+一般過去時(shí)的句子構(gòu)成：

have/hasbeen+V-ing+……現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Grammar:have/has是助動(dòng)詞been是be的過去分詞1)I’ve

beenstudyingEnglishsinceIwas4yearsold.自從4歲起我就一直學(xué)英語。2)Hehasbeenlivingatthestreetforabout20years.他一直在這條街住了近20年了。3)Shehasbeenlisteningtomusicforthreehourstoday.她今天聽了三個(gè)小時(shí)的音樂了。例如：4)Haveyoubeentalkingwithhimonthephonesince6:00pm?你六點(diǎn)起就一直在給他打電話？5)Howlonghasitbeenraining?雨下多久了？6)Whatbookhaveyoubeenreading

recently?最近你在看什么書？2.由上我們可以總結(jié)出現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:肯定形式:

have/hasbeen＋(現(xiàn)在分詞)doing否定形式為:have/hasnotbeendoing一般疑問句形式:Have/Hassb.beendoingsth.?特殊疑問句形式(詢問持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短):Howlonghave/hassb.beendoingsth.?3.注意:for表示時(shí)間的持續(xù),后跟時(shí)間段。表示一段時(shí)間,多與帶數(shù)詞的名詞連用,謂語需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。since表示“自從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來”,后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,

since后可接表時(shí)間的名詞或名詞短語,也可接一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。4.一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：Howlongdidyouskate?(一般過去時(shí))Howlonghaveyoubeen

skating?(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))注意:1)一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),該動(dòng)作已結(jié)束,不強(qiáng)調(diào)同現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。2)而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行(到現(xiàn)在),可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能停止了一會(huì)兒。3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是:①表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。②過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi))的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。注意這三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)語意上的差異。YaoMing’ssportslife1980wasborn1989startedplayingbasketballhasbeenplaying24yearsHe

started

playingbasketballin1989.Hehasbeenplayingbasketballsince1989.He

hasbeenplaying

basketballfor24years.2013plays1.Ihavebeenpracticingthepiano____10:30.2.Mariciahasbeenrunning____15minutes.3.Sarahhasbeensleeping_____9:00.4.Dalehasbeentalkingonthephone_____5minutes.5.LouiehasbeenstudyingChinese____hewas6yearsold..6.Ihavebeenwatchingyou____10minutes.

用for和since填空Exercises時(shí)態(tài)填空:1.Howlong_____you_____(collect)stamps?Forhalfayear.2.Howlong______he____(skate)?SinceI__________(be)tenyearsold.3.When_____he_____(start)learningtodance?In2002.4.We_______(run)ontheplaygroundsince6o’clocka.m.A：你收集貝殼有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？B:自從我上中學(xué)以來。A：Howlong______you___________shells?B：______I_____tomiddleschool.2.

我滑冰已有五個(gè)小時(shí)了。

I___________________________5hours.3.

A:這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎？B:不，去年我參加過。

A:Wasthisyour_______________________?

B:No，I______ina________lastyear.4.

A:你什么時(shí)候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？B:3年前。

A:Whendidyou______yourfirst__________________?B:Threeyearsago.5.A:他游泳有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？B:他已游了半小時(shí)了。

A:Howlong_______he______________?B:He___________________________halfanhour.1.Tomhasbeenplayingfootballfortwohours.(變否定句)Tom___________________footballfortwohours.2.Thetwinshavebeendoingtheirhomeworksince6:00pm.(改為一般疑問句,并做肯定回答)_______thetwins_____________theirhomeworksince6:00pm?Yes，_______________3.Thegirlhasbeendancingforhalfanhour.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)____________________thegirlbeendancing?4.Alisahasbeenskatingforfivehours.(寫出同義句)Alisahasbeenskating__________________________.5.翻譯句子：他們從四點(diǎn)開始就一直在打網(wǎng)球。___________________________________________________。SectionA3a-4HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?

WehavebeenlearningEnglishsince2007.We‘vebeenlearningEnglishfor

6years.We’vebeenlearningEnglishsince6yearsago.WhendidyoustartlearningEnglish?WestartedlearningEnglishin2007/6yearsago.2hoursHowlonghasshebeenreading?Shehasbeenreadingfor2hours.Shehasbeenreading

since2hoursago.15minutesHowlonghashebeendrawingapicture?Hehasbeendrawingapicturefor15minutes.since15minutesago.

45minutesHowlonghavetheybeenplayingsoccer?Theyhavebeenplayingsoccerfor

45minutes.since

45minutesago.SheisstillteachingEnglishnow..ShestartedteachingEnglishin1998.-Shehasbeenteaching

English

since1998.15yearsago.Howlong

hasshe

beenteaching

English?for15years.*Hestartedteachingmathwhenhewas20yearsold.Heis50yearsoldnowandheisstillteachingmath.Howlonghashebeenteachingmath?Hehasbeenteaching

math

30yearsago.for

30years.since

hewas20yearsold.Whatis/are…doing?Howlonghas/have...been…?Practicewithyourpartnerusing

since/for:

20minutes

halfanhouranhourPairwork

1year

5years50minutesWritethequestions:1_____________________________________Hehasbeenstandingthereforfourhours.2_____________________________________IhavebeenridingabikesinceIwastenyearsold.3____________________________________________Shehasbeenwalkingforfivehours.4.____________________________________I’vebeenwatchingTVsince7:00.5.____________________________________He’sbeenwaitingforthetrainforanhour.Howlonghasshebeenwalking?Howlonghaveyoubeenridingabike?Howlonghashebeenstandingthere?HowlonghaveyouwatchingTV?Howlonghashebeenwaitingforthetrain?Readthepassageandthencompletethetable3aNameHasbeenskatingforAlison5hoursSam4hoursLuNing4hoursLiChen1hour1.Whyarestudentsskating?2.Howmuchdoeseachstudentraiseforeveryhourtheyskate?3.Howlonghastheskatingmarathonbeengoing?4.Whowasthefirsttostart?5.Howlonghashebeenskating?Reading–SectionA3aToraisemoneyforcharity.Tenyuan.Forfivehours.Alisonwasthefirsttostart.Hehasbeenskatingforfivehours.6.HowlonghaveSamandLuNingbeenskating?7.Whowasthelastone?8.Whendidhestart?9.Howlonghashebeenskating?Theyhavebeenskatingforfourhours.LiChenwasthelastone.Hestartedanhourago.Hehasbeenskatingforanhour.9am10am11am12am1pm2pmAlisonSamLuNingLiChenIt’snow2pm.Writethestudents’namesfromactivity3aonthetimeline.3bforwholeraisetoskatestillhasI’mtalking

youfromtheHilltopSchoolSkatingMarathon.Here,studentsareskatingtoraisemoneyforcharity.Foreveryhourthey

,eachstudent

tenyuanforcharity.Theskatingmarathon

beengoingforfivehoursnow,andseveralskatersare

skating.Alisonwasthefirstonetostart,andhasbeenskatingforthe

fivehours.NextisSam,andhehasbeenskating

fourhours.LuNinghasbeenskatingforfourhourstoo,andLiChenjuststartedanhourago.toskateraiseshasstillwholeforLanguagepoints1.Studentsareskatingtoraisemoneyforcharity.raisevt.舉起risevi.起身,升起(太陽、月亮等)raiseone’shand

舉手raiseone’shattosb.

向某人舉帽致敬raiseachild

養(yǎng)育孩子raisefunds

籌集資金

raisesalaries增加薪水raisemoney

籌錢,籌款2.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraisestenyuanforcharity.每滑一小時(shí),每個(gè)學(xué)生為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集10元錢。every,each

都表“每一”,但every指大家具有的共性,every還等于all表示全體齊全,一個(gè)不缺;而each強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)人或事物有著各自互不相同的個(gè)性或差異性。此外every還可表每隔(一段時(shí)間/距離)。例如：Everystudentishere.學(xué)生都到齊了。Everytwoweekshegoestovisithisfriendsinthetown.他每隔一周去看一次他在城鎮(zhèn)的朋友。Eachpersonhashisownadvantages.每個(gè)人都有他的優(yōu)勢(shì)(長(zhǎng)處)。Eachstoryhasaninterestingname.每個(gè)故事都有一個(gè)有趣的名字。3.Alisonwasthefirstonetostart,andhasbeenskatingforthewholefivehours.Alison是第一個(gè)開始滑的,并且已滑了足足5個(gè)小時(shí)。注:序數(shù)詞前必須用定冠詞the,后接名詞或代詞。句中不定式短語“tostart”作后置定語修飾代詞one,one指代滑冰的人。whole

adj.“整個(gè)的,完整的”,前常加“the”或物主代詞。eg.Iwanttogettoknowthewholestory.Heputshiswholelifeoneducation.Ilike…What’syourhobby?A:Whatdoyoulike?B:Ilikeplayingbasketball.A:Whendidyoustart…ing…?B:Istarted…ing……A:Howlonghaveyoubeen…ing…?B:Ihavebeen…ing…for/since…TalkaboutyourhobbyName:JackieChan

Job:actorHobby:playinggolfstartedplayinggolf:1990.Name:JayZhouJob:singerHobby:writingsongsstartedwritingsongs:1995.Let’swriteInterviewWhat’syourname?NancyHowoldareyou?thirteenWhereareyoufrom?EnglandWhatdoyoulikedoing?skatingWhydoyoulikeit?Becauseit’sfun.Howlonghaveyoubeen___?sevenyearsDoyourparentssupportyou?Yes.What’sthedifficult?Idon’thaveenoughmoney.ReportIhaveanewfriend.HernameisNancy.Sheisthirteen.SheisfromEngland.Shelikesskating.Andshehasbeenskatingforsevenyears.Herparentssupportherverymuch.Butshesaid:“Idon’thaveenoughtimetopractice.”Homework:Writeasmallintroductionaboutyournewfriendusingthenewsentencewelearntoday.1）開始上課

2）在課堂上3）滑冰馬拉松賽

4）第一雙滑冰鞋

5)從我七歲開始6)從九點(diǎn)開始用all或whole填空：7.Mygrandfathertoldmethe_________story.8.Mybrotherwashungry,heate_______thecakes.A.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞。1.They’llorganizeaconcerttor______moneyforthedisaster.2Shehass________goodfriendshere,butnottoomany.3.C__________stampsismyhobby.4.Shehasbeenswimmings_______shewastwoyearsold.5.今天他是最后一個(gè)到校的學(xué)生。Hewasthelaststudent__________________today.6.他是第一個(gè)贏得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)的音樂家。Hewasthefirstmus