八年級英語外研版上課件動詞不定式用法

TheInfinitiveWhatarethethreenon-predicatesinEnglish?TheInfinitivetodosthtobedoingsthtohavedoneTheParticipledoinghavingdonedoneTheGerunddoinghavingdone語法：動詞不定式在句子中的作用①作主語：e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.

It’simportanttodoitrightaway.②作表語：e.g.Whatyoushouldistoleavehereatonce.Theproblemishowtodoit.③作賓語：

e.g.Iwanttobuysomethingforhim.

Idon’tknowwhattodonext.④作賓語補足語：e.g.Heaskedmetowaitforhimforawhile.

Myfatherletsmegooutaloneatnight.不帶to的不定式作賓補?。、葑鞫ㄕZ（位于名詞或代詞之后）：

e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?

Haveyougotthepermissiontousethecomputer?⑥作狀語（目的、結果、原因等）：e.g.Weeattolive;wedon’tlivetoeat.目的e.g.Wewenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.結果狀語e.g.Wearegladtoseeyou.原因狀語

在too…todo…;adj./adv.+enoughtodo…結構中作結果狀語；在inorderto;soasto結構中作目的狀語；在be+adj.+todo…中作原因或方式狀語。e.g.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hegotupearlysoastocatchthebus.

I’msorrytohearthat.Toselecttherightcolorsisimportantforbusiness.(subject)

2.MydreamistogotoBeijingUniversity.

(predicative)3.Westernbrideschoosetowearwhiteontheirweddingdays.(object)4.Toattractmorecustomers,theypainttheirrestaurantred.(adverbial)5.Ihavenowaytohelphimoutoftrouble.(attribute)5.Idon’tthinkitdifficulttoimproveourEnglishinashorttime.(formalobject)6.Neverhesitate

tohelpothers.(object)Wehavebeentoldwhenandwheretohavethephysicalexamination.(object)8.Itisnecessaryforyoungpeoplenowadaystomasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.(formalsubject)Specialpatterns:Heissaidtohavealreadyfinishedhistask.=Itissaidthathehasalreadyfinished…2.Heisthoughttobethebestplayer.=Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.3.SheisbelievedtohavelandedinAmerica．

=Itisbelievedthatshehaslanded…4.Youseemtohaveseenthefilm.=Itseemsthatyouhaveseenthefilm.onlytodo-----Hehurriedbacktohishouse,onlytofindthatitwasempty．2.Hesurvivedtheaircrash,onlytodieinthedesert．3.Irantothestation,onlytoseethetrainwasoutofthestation.4.Heenjoyedlaughingatothers,onlytofindhimselflaughedat.不帶to的不定式feel，hear，see,watch,listento,lookat,observe,notice**Isaw／watchedhimdriveoff．**Iheardhimlockthedoor(but:Hewasseentoentertheoffice．)b.make,let,have

(lethasnopassivevoice)c.hadbetter,wouldrather…thandoanything/nothing…but/except**Hedoesnothingbutcomplain．

**Mydogdoeseverythingbutspeak．動詞不定式易考點：1.Theyaresaidto____(在建）abridge.A.buildB.builtC.havebuiltD.bebuilding.D2.Sheseemedto____mebefore.

A.bemeetingB.havemetC.havebeenmeetingB動詞不定式有時態(tài)的變化?。〕Ｓ羞M行時（不定式動作在持續(xù)）、完成時（在謂語動作之前完成）、完成進行時（在謂語動作之前已經開始并一直持續(xù)的動作）。3.Shedoesn’tliketo____(被表揚）inpublic.

A.praiseB.bepraisingC.bepraisedC4.Thecoatistoolargeto____.

A.wearB.bewornC.bewearing

A

動詞不定式有被動語態(tài)（即邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者時使用），但在以下四種情況中不定式主動表被動??！

①在too(enough)…to結構中

②在therebe結構中：

e.g.Thereisalotofwork___________.

todo

too+adj./adv.+todo

**Youaretooyoungtounderstand．**Hewastoodrunktodrivehome.**Thecasewastooheavy（forher）tocarry.

……+adj+enough+todosth.

**youareoldenoughtosupportyourself.**Theicewas

thickenoughtowalkon.

③在形容詞easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy等詞后作狀語時。

e.g.Thenoveliseasytoread.

Thebagisheavytocarryatthattime.④雖然不定式與修飾詞之間有邏輯動賓關系，但如與另外一個名詞或代詞具備邏輯主謂關系，不定式亦用主動表被動意義。e.g.Pleasegivethechildren

somebooks

toread.

Ihavenothing

tosay.動賓關系主謂三：動詞不定式的省略問題：為了避免重復前面已經出現的動詞，可以省去不定式中的動詞及其賓語。

e.g.–Wouldyouliketoseeourbaby?--I‘dloveto(seeyourbaby).省略?。?！

Iwanttomendyourradio,butIdon’tknow___________(如何修）？

howto

Theboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim____.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoA四：不定式作定語需要加介詞的情況：

1.與它修飾的詞有動賓關系，而該不定式中的動詞又是不及物動詞時，其后需加適當的介詞以帶邏輯賓語：e.g.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.Thereisnothingto_____________(擔心）.

worryabout2.與修飾的詞有動賓關系的不定式，雖動詞是及物動詞但已帶有自己的賓語，其后需加適當的介詞，以將不定式短語與其修飾的詞連接起來。e.g.Hereisaboxtoputthingsin.動賓

介賓

=putthingsinabox.Jackistheverypersonto___________________(討論這個問題）。

discussthematterwith

3.動詞不定式修飾表地點的詞如room,house,school等時，不定式需加適當的介詞。e.g.Heislookingforahoteltostayat.

Ihaveasmallroom________________(居住).

tolivein注意：不定式所修飾的詞表不定式動作發(fā)生的時間、方式時，常不加介詞?。?！e.g.It’stimetogetup.Thatwillbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem.4。不定式的時態(tài)Isawhimgoout.（同時或之后）I’msorrygladtobeworkingwithyou（進行）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（之前）Practice:1.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.NoteatingB.toeatnotC.nottoeatD.eatingnotC2.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry___wisely.A.spendingB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthatB3.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidGeorgewastheperson____.A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingittoC4.Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing

B5.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule___.A.ToneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreakingB不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)2[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現”的意思。[例4]NMET2002