大學英語寫作課件chapter3

III.TheMeaningofWords1)denotative(外延)Aword’sdenotationiswhatitliterallymeans,asdefinedbythedictionary.2）connotative（內(nèi)涵）Aword’sconnotationisthefeelingorideasuggestedbyit.e.g.1p13Country,nation,state,land(國家)Country:referstoanareaoflandanditspopulationandgovernment.Nation:emphasizesthepeopleofacountry.State:referstothegovernmentorpoliticalorganizationofacountry.Land:lessprecisebutmoreliteraryandemotive.Anislandcountry;neighboringcountriesApeace-lovingnation;theawakeningnationsofAfricaStateorgans;state-ownedenterprisesChinaismynativelande.g.2Heputhisheadinhishandsandbegantocry.IknowI’mgoingtoweepattheairport.

Therewasagirlsittingandsobbinginthecorner.Thewomengatheredaroundthecoffinandbegantowail,aswasthecustomintheregion.e.g.3Aftervacillatingforaslongashecouldandtakingrefugeinthesupposedambiguitiesofthestateconstitution,themayorhasfinallyyieldedtopressureandagreedtotrytodosomething.Aftercarefulexaminationoftheconstitutionalandotherissuesinvolved,themayor,respondingtothepeople’swishes,hasannouncedthathewilltakeimmediateaction.ReferentialorEmotiveWordsreferentialwordswordsthatareonlysymbols,names,forthingsorideas.e.g.Thehouseissmall.(notbig)Emotivewordswordsthatcontainpeople’sfeelingsoremotionsaboutthingsorideas.e.g.Oh,whatalittlehouse.(notjustsmall,butalsosweet,cute,desirable.)ComplimentaryorpejorativewordsModestvs.humbleModestandhardworking,hemadeveryquickprogressatschool.ClearlyGomperswasoverawedbyWilson.Hisfacetookonaservilelook;hisvoicewashumble.ComplimentarypejorativeFirm,determinedObstinateThrifty,frugalMiserly,niggardlyTrusting,na?veGullibleProudHaughty,arrogantStrong