大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2 Unit1課件

BR_mainLead-inAboutEducationWarm-upQuestionsBR_Warm-upQuestions1Warm-upQuestions1.2.3.What’sthedifferencesbetweenChineseeducationandWesterneducation?Whichonedoyouprefer?What’sthegoaloflearning,theprocessoflearning,teachers’rolesandstudents’rolesinChineseandWesterneducation?Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo?BR_EducationintheWest1Muchofthecurrentdebateovereducationsurroundstheextenttowhichlearningshouldbeteacher-basedorstudent-based.Whichofthetwoshoulddecidewhatshouldbelearned,howitshouldbelearned,andwhenitshouldbelearned?ComparingWesternandAsianmethodsoflearningitisgenerallytruethatWesternmethodsaremorestudent-centered,expectingstudentstodiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanrelyingontheirteacherstotellthem.Anextremeversionofthestudent-centeredapproachcanbeseenatSummerhill,aschoolinEnglandestablishedbytheeducationalistA.S.Neill.ThereEducationintheWestBR_EducationintheWest2childrenhavecompletefreedomtodecidewhattheyaregoingtolearnandwhichlessonstheywillattend.Iftheywishtheyneednotattendanyatall.MainstreameducationinEnglandisfarmorestrict,demandingthatchildrenattendlessonsandfollowanationalcurriculum.Thiscurriculumandtheimportanceofachievinggoodexamresultstendtoreinforceamoreteacher-centeredapproach,asbothteachersandstudentsfindthepressureoftimeleaveslessopportunityforanexploratoryapproachtolearning.GR_mainScanningPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingGR_FurtherUnderstandingFurtherUnderstandingQuestionsandAnswersMultipleChoiceQuestionsandAnswersGR_Scanning1ScanningScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1. Benjaminwasworriedthathecouldn’tputthekeyintothebox.FBenjaminwasnotbotheredatall.(

)2. IntheChinesestaff’sopinion,theparentsshouldguideBenjamintoinsertthekey.T(

)GR_Scanning23. Theauthorandhiswifedidn’tcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot.T(

)4. FortheWesterners,learningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding.FTheChinesethinkthatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding.(

)5. Chineseteachersholdtheopinionthatskillsshouldbeacquiredasearlyaspossible,whileAmericaneducatorsthinkthatcreativityshouldbeacquiredearly.T(

)GR_PartDivisionoftheText1PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s).MainIdeas11~526~13Thetextbeginswithananecdote.Theauthor’sthoughtsaremainlyaboutdifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest.314Theauthorwindsupthetextwithasuggestionintheformofaquestion.GR_QuestionsandAnswers

1QuestionsandAnswers1.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinTextA?Inthistext,theauthorintroducesthetopicbythekey-slotanecdote(軼事).Thereareseveralwaystointroduceatheme.1.Statingthetopicdirectly.2.Posingaquestion.3.Quotingafamoussaying.4.Relatingananecdoteoranincident.GR_QuestionsandAnswers

22. SumupthecontrastbetweentheattitudeofthecoupleandthatofthehotelstafftowardBenjamin’seffortsininsertingthekeyintotheslot.Thecouple:lethimexploreandenjoyhimself.Thehotelstaff:heldhishandandtaughthimhowtoinsertthekeycorrectly.ContrastandcomparisonAcontrastbringsoutthedifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsofthesamekind,whileacomparisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthem.GR_QuestionsandAnswers

23.SumupthecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternwaystolearntofulfillatask.TheChinese:showachildhowtodosomething,orteachbyholdinghishand.TheWesterners:teachachildtorelyonhimselfforsolutionstoproblems.GR_QuestionsandAnswers34.Thefollowingaretwotypesofattitudestowardcreativityandbasicskills.WhichonebelongstotheChineseandwhichonebelongstotheWesterners?TheChinese.B)puttingmoreemphasisonfosteringcreativityinyoungchildren,thinkingthatskillscanbepickeduplater.A)givingprioritytodevelopingskillsatanearlyage,believingthatcreativitycanbepromotedovertime.TheWesternersGR_MultipleChoice1Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay.Howdoestheauthorendthistext?A)Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned.B)Proposingasolution.C)Quotingfromsomebookorperson.D)Predictingfuturedevelopments.MultipleChoiceE)makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion.Foramonthinthespringof1987,mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18-month-oldsonBenjaminwhilestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools.ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing.DR_Text1LEARNING,CHINESE-STYLEHowardGardnerageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot.DR_Text2Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit.Whenleavingthehotel,aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey,eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox.Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow,thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit.Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround,shakingitvigorously.Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot.BecauseofhistenderDR_Text3NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot.Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough.ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon.AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand,notinghislackofinitialsuccess,attempttoassist.HeorshewouldholdontoBenjamin’shandand,gentlybutfirmly,guideitdirectlytowardtheslot,repositionitasnecessary,andhelphimtoinsertit.The“teacher”wouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme,asifawaitingathankyou—andonoccasionwouldfrownslightly,asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties.IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina:toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation(especiallyinthearts),andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity.AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey-slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators.TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARNWithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel.Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot,whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot,andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown,whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle?DR_Text4Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry—certainlynotadesirableoutcome.Whynotshowhimwhattodo?Hewillbehappy,hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner,andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities,likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekey—bothofwhichaccomplishmentscan(andshould)induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell.Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat,firstofall,wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot.Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring,twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.Butthecriticalpointwasthat,intheprocess,weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself.DR_Text5DR_Text6Suchself-relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle-classAmerica.Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething—whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingup

foramisdeed—heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask.And,moregenerally,heislesslikelytoviewlife—asAmericansdo—asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself,tosolveproblemsonone’sownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted.TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHAND

Inretrospect,itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey—andkeyinmorethanonesense.Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries.Whenourwell-intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjamin’srescue,theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly,asImighthavedone.Instead,theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection.IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjamin’sperformanceinanyoldmanner:InthebestChinesetradition,theywerebazheshoujiao—“teachingbyholdinghishand”—somuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore.DR_Text7DR_Text8Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts.Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting,wewereastonishedbytheirfacility.Childrenasyoungas5or6werepaintingflowers,fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult;calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum.Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists,welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday.CREATIVITYFIRST?Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities:youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition;andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition,but,overtime,possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal.OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo.Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor.Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly,theymayneverbeacquired;thereis,ontheotherhand,nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity.DR_Text9Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly,itmayneveremerge;ontheotherhand,skillscanbepickeduplater.However,Idonotwanttooverstatemycase.ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific,technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent.AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest.Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely,itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent(the“Standingontheshouldersofgiants”phenomenon).DR_Text10DR_Text11

ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid,andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals,theimportantquestionbecomesthis:Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,a

superior

waytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?DR_Sentence1_Becauseof…Paraphrasethesentence.Becausehewassoyounganddidn’tquiteknowthatheshouldpositionthekeycarefullytofitintothenarrowkeyslot,hewouldusuallyfail.Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.DR_Sentence2_Benjaminwas…Paraphrasethesentence.Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall.BenjaminwasnotbotheredTranslatethesentenceintoChinese.本杰明一點(diǎn)也不在意。DR_Sentence3_…andto…Paraphrasethispartofthesentence.AndtohelpexplainChineseattitudestowardcreativity.…andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity.DR_Sentence4_…sincethechild…Whatdoesthedesiredactionreferto?Positioningthekeycarefullytofitintotheslot.…sincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown,whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle?Inyouropinion,whatpossiblegaincanbeachievedbyhavingBenjaminstruggle?Open-ended.DR_Sentence5_Hemaywell…Paraphrasethesentence.Heislikelytogetfrustratedandangry.Youuse“maywell”whenyouaresayingwhatyouthinkislikelytohappen.Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry.DR_Sentence6_Hewashaving…Whatdothetwoactivitiesreferto?Havingagoodtimeandexploring.Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring,twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.Paraphrasetwo“activitiesthatdidmattertous”.Towactivitiesthatwereimportanttous.DR_Sentence7_…whetheritbe…Analyzethestructureofthesentence.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedhere.Whetherhebepresentorabsent,weshallhavetodoourpart.…whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed…Paraphrasethesentence.Nomatterwhetheritisplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforsomemistakes.DR_Sentence8_…youngWesterners…Whatdoesmakingtheirboldestdeparturesmean?Doingsth.differentfromanestablishedruleortradition.…youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition…TranslatethispartintoChinese.西方的年輕人先是大膽創(chuàng)新，然后逐漸深諳傳統(tǒng)。DR_Sentence9_Butassuming…Canyouanalyzethestructureofthissentence?ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid,andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals…assuming+that-clause:假定……Youuseassumingthatwhenyouareconsideringapossiblesituationorevent,sothatyoucanthinkabouttheconsequences.Assumingthatweallworkatthesamerate,weshouldbefinishedbyJanuary.DR_Sentence9_Butassuming…TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?我們能否從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡?Doyouthinkthatwecanfindabetterwaytoapproacheducation,whichstrikesabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?DR_word_attachattach:vt.fastenorjoin(onethingtoanother)Sheattachedanantennatotheradio.Atagwasattachedtoeacharticle.Pattern:attachsth.tosth.beattachedtosth.DR_word_initialinitial:adj.oforatthebeginning;first最初的會(huì)談是后來(lái)達(dá)成協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)。theinitialletterofawordTheinitialtalkswerethebaseofthelateragreement.一個(gè)詞的首字母DR_word_awaitawait:vt.waitforHewasanxiouslyawaitingherreply.他早就期待著這個(gè)時(shí)刻了。Hehaslongawaitedthismoment.DR_word_onoccasiononoccasion:nowandthenIthas,onoccasion,createdtroubleforthebank.你有時(shí)使人們感到詫異。Youhaveonoccasionsurprisedpeople.這兩個(gè)詞組非常相似，但意思不同。onoccasion有時(shí)，間或。ontheoccasionof在…之際。onoccasion&ontheoccasionofCF:ontheoccasionofsb.’sweddingDR_word_neglect1neglect:vt.givetoolittleattentionorcaretoneglectone’smealsandsleep離開時(shí)別忘了鎖門。Don’tneglecttolockthedoorwhenyouleave.這幾個(gè)詞都有忽略、遺漏之意。neglect,ignore&omitCF:Thosewhoneglecttheirdutiesshouldbepunished.玩忽職守者應(yīng)受懲罰。Whydotheyalwaysneglectthetrafficregulation.他們?yōu)槭裁蠢鲜遣蛔⒁庾袷亟煌ㄒ?guī)則呢？neglect指對(duì)職責(zé)、義務(wù)或應(yīng)做的事沒有給予足夠的注意。這種忘記可能是有意的，也可能是無(wú)意的。例如：DR_word_neglect2ignore

指疏忽、不顧，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某人或某物故意不理會(huì)，有時(shí)還帶有固執(zhí)地拒絕的意味。例如：WhenIsawTom,Istoppedtogreethim,butheignoredmeandwalkedon.當(dāng)我看到湯姆時(shí)，我停下來(lái)和他打招呼，但他沒有理我繼續(xù)往前走。Theteacherignoredmydifficultquestions.老師對(duì)我的難題置之不理。DR_word_neglect3omit

指因?qū)Ｗ⒒蚴韬龆浤呈?，這種失誤可能是有意或無(wú)意的。該詞還可指刪除不利或不必要的東西。例如：Sheshouldnotomittovisitthemuseum.她不應(yīng)忘了去參觀博物館。Thethirdpartofthebookmaybeomitted.該書的第三部分可以刪掉。DR_word_relevantrelevant:adj.directlyconnectedwiththesubjectHiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe’sagoodlawyer.該證據(jù)與此案有關(guān)。Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase.Pattern:berelevanttoDR_word_investigate1investigate:1.

vt.trytofindoutinformationaboutScientistsareinvestigatinghowtheplanecrashoccurred.Ifyouhearsucharumor,investigateitthoroughly.2.

vi.makeadetailedinquiryinvestigateintoanaffairinvestigateintoarumorDR_word_investigate2這幾個(gè)詞都有調(diào)查、檢查之意。investigate,examine&inspectCF:Theyinvestigatedthecauseoftheaccident.他們調(diào)查了事故的原因。Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemurder.警方正在調(diào)查這件謀殺案。investigate

較正式，指有條不紊地進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究以發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)真相，更常用以說(shuō)明調(diào)查案件、情況、背景來(lái)歷等。例如：DR_word_investigate3examine

是普通用語(yǔ)，指仔細(xì)地檢查某人或物。該詞還指官方主持的檢查或醫(yī)生進(jìn)行的診察，也表示對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)的討論研究，更指考試。例如：Theyexaminedourpassportsverycarefully.他們仔細(xì)檢查了我們的護(hù)照。Anopticianisqualifiedtoexamineyoureyesandprescribeglasses.眼科醫(yī)生有資格來(lái)檢查你的眼睛并給你配眼鏡。DR_word_investigate4inspect

較正式，用得不如examine廣泛，指對(duì)某人或某物進(jìn)行檢查、查問(wèn)，帶有揭示其差異或缺陷的意思。更常指官員們的視察以發(fā)現(xiàn)下屬單位的缺點(diǎn)等，還指檢閱軍隊(duì)。例如：Thefiremenwereinspectingthewarehouseforpotentialfirehazards.消防人員正在檢查倉(cāng)庫(kù)以防火災(zāi)。Everylengthofclothisinspectedbeforeitleavesthefactory.出廠之前每寸布匹都檢查過(guò)。DR_word_throwlightonthrowlighton:helpunderstandingThesefactsthrownewlightonthematter.這些事實(shí)使人進(jìn)一步了解此事。DR_word_exception1exception:n.sb./sth.thatacommentorstatementdoesnotapplyto這是那項(xiàng)規(guī)定的一個(gè)明顯的例外。Thisisanapparentexceptiontotherule.Thereisanexceptiontothisgrammaticalrule.Pattern:anexceptiontoDR_word_exception2Collocation：有很多/很少例外withmany/fewexceptions毫無(wú)例外，一律withoutexception除……之外withtheexception把……作為例外makeanexceptionof不容許有例外；一視同仁makenoexceptionsDR_word_desirabledesirable:adj.worthhavingasbybeinguseful,advantageous,orpleasing;worthachievingMainStreetisaverydesirablelocationforalargedepartmentstore.Itismostdesirablethatheshouldattendtheconference.NB:antonym:undesirableDR_word_accomplish1accomplish:vt.managetodo(sth.)She’saccomplishedagreatdealinthelastfewweeks.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)不是在一代人的時(shí)間里所能完成的。Thetaskwillnotbeaccomplishedinonegeneration.Collocation：達(dá)到目的accomplishone’sobject/goal完成使命accomplishone’smissionDR_word_accomplish2這三個(gè)詞都含“完成”的意思。accomplish,complete&finishCF:Idon’tfeelourvisitreallyaccomplishedanything.我不認(rèn)為我們的訪問(wèn)真正取了什么結(jié)果。Thebuildingwillbecompletedbytheendofthismonth.這座樓于本月底建成。complete

比accomplish

具體，可接建筑、工程、書籍等名詞，指按預(yù)期目的把未完成的工作經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步的努力使之完成，主要涵義是補(bǔ)足缺少的部分。例如：accomplish

通常接task,aim,journey,voyage等名詞，有時(shí)

兼有取得效果之意。例如：DR_word_accomplish3finish在許多情況下可與complete換用,但不及

complete正式，常含有認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地完成工作的

最后階段的精工修飾，使之完美的意思。例如：Finishtheworkoffbeforeyouleaveforyourholiday.你去度假前應(yīng)先把工作做完。DR_word_induecourseinduecourse:atthepropertime;eventuallyBepatient.You’llgetyourpromotioninduecourse.Yourbookwillbepublishedinduecourse.DR_word_critical1critical:adj.1.veryimportantAsecondincomeiscriticaltothefamily’swell-being.接下來(lái)的兩個(gè)禮拜對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。Thenexttwoweekswillbecriticalforthecompany.Collocation：重大的決定acriticaldecision緊要關(guān)頭，關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻criticalmomentDR_word_critical22.veryseriousordangerous嚴(yán)重短缺食物acriticalshortageoffoodCollocation：危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)criticalcondition重病acriticalillnessprincipal和principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。principle僅作名詞用，其主要意義指基本的東西或規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。DR_word_principalprincipaladj.main;chieftheprincipalfoodofthepeopleofIndiatheprincipalriversofEuropeprincipal&principleCF:principal既是名詞又是形容詞。作為名詞，它一般指居于

高位或擔(dān)任重要角色的人。例如：ameetingamongalltheprincipalsinthetransaction。作

為形容詞，它有主要的或首要的的意思。DR_word_rearrear:1.

vt.Bringupandeducate;lookafter(animals)rearchildren飼養(yǎng)家禽rearpoultry2.n.backpart后部；背面Thekitchenisintherearofthehouse.停車場(chǎng)在這建筑物的后邊。Theparkinglotisattherearofthebuilding.DR_word_makeupformakeupfor:repaywithsth.good;compensateforIdidn’ttravelmuchwhenIwasyounger,butI’mcertainlymakingupforlosttimenow.他們加速進(jìn)行以補(bǔ)回失去的時(shí)間。Theyhurriedontomakeupforlosttime.DR_word_inretrospectinretrospect:onevaluatingthepast;uponreflectionInretrospect,whatIhavedoneisclearlyabsurd.Therearesomethingsthatyouonlybecometotallyconsciousofinretrospect.DR_word_facilityfacility:n.playthepianowithfacility有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的天才havegreatfacilityinlearninglanguages1.abilitytodosth.easilyandwellsportsfacilities娛樂(lè)設(shè)施entertainmentfacilities2.(pl.)equipment,aids,etc.whichmakeiteasytodothingsTherearefacilitiesforcookinginthekitchen.DR_word_apply1apply:vi.1.berelevant;haveaneffectPattern:applytosb./sth.WhatIhavesaiddoesnotapplytoyou.教授的這條建議只適用于一些大學(xué)生。Theadvicegivenbytheprofessoronlyappliestosomeofthecollegestudents.DR_word_apply22.writealetterorfillinaforminordertoaskformallyforsth.Pattern:apply(tosb.)forsth.applytodosth.Weappliedtotheauthoritiesforassistance.他決定申請(qǐng)參加學(xué)生會(huì)。HedecidedtoapplytojointheStudentUnion.DR_word_prioritypriority:n.sth.thatonemustdobeforeanythingelseStudyisnotonhislistofpriorities.道路建設(shè)應(yīng)是予以優(yōu)先考慮的事。Roadbuildingisafirstpriority.DR_word_evolve1evolve:vi.developgraduallyPattern:evolveinto進(jìn)化成，發(fā)展成，逐步形成evolvefrom/outof由……演化而成；從……發(fā)展而來(lái)Theearlyfishhaveevolvedintosome30,000differentspecies.這一簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)劃逐步形成為一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的規(guī)劃。Thesimpleplanevolvedintoacomplicatedscheme.DR_word_evolve2Somepeoplebelievethatweevolvedfromtheapes.這整個(gè)想法是從信口說(shuō)出的一句話發(fā)展而來(lái)的。Thewholeideaevolvedfromacasualremark.DR_word_contrast1contrast:1.pare(twopeopleorthings)sothatdifferencesaremadeclearInherspeechshecontrastedthegovernment’soptimisticpromiseswithitsdismalachievements.我忍不住把她的態(tài)度和她朋友的態(tài)度作了對(duì)比。Icannothelpcontrastingherattitudewiththatofherfriends.Pattern:contrastAwith/andBDR_word_contrast2Collocation：形成鮮明的對(duì)比contrastsharply/strikingly形成驚人的/強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比contraststartlingly/strongly2.n.differencebetweenthingscomparedTheatmosphereoftheSecondWorldWarinLondonwasacompletecontrasttothatoftheFirst.Thereisamarkedcontrastbetweenthegroup’sactionsanditsprinciples.DR_word_contrast3Collocation：與……形成鮮明的對(duì)照constitute/formasharpcontrastto加強(qiáng)對(duì)比intensify/sharpenthecontrast顯示出差別reveal/showacontrastDR_word_harborharbor:Hemightbeharboringadeathwish.1.vt.keep(sth.)secretlyinone’smindThenavyhasconstructedanartificialharbor.2.n.placeofshelterforshipsharborthoughtsofrevengeAlltheshipsstayedintheharborduringthestorm.DR_word_promote1promote:vt.helptogrowordevelop

neweffortstopromotetheworldpeace促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展promoteeconomicgrowth牛奶增進(jìn)健康。Milkpromoteshealth.DR_word_promote2promote&further這兩個(gè)詞都可指促使某事物朝著預(yù)期的目標(biāo)發(fā)展。CF:promotetheunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間的相互了解Theaudiolingualmethodshouldbepromoted.應(yīng)當(dāng)推廣聽說(shuō)法。further

則用于除了起始階段以外的各個(gè)發(fā)展階段。例如：Gettingascholarshipwillfurtherhereducation.獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金可以使她繼續(xù)深造。promote用于事物發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，包括起始階段。例如：Itlateremergedthatthedriverofthecarhadbeendrunk.DR_word_emergeemerge:eout

Eventuallythetruthofthematteremerged.Largescaleindustryemergedgraduallyastechnologyevolved.Thesunemergesfrombehindtheclouds.太陽(yáng)從云層背后出現(xiàn)。Pattern:emergefrom/outofNewevidenceemergedfromtheinvestigation.Itemergesthat

…DR_word_validvalid:adj.basedontruthorsoundreasoningThisisavalidargumentagainsteconomicgrowth.Theyhavevalidreasonsforrefusingtodoit.DR_word_worthwhileworthwhile:adj.worthdoing;worththetroubletakenHereissomeworthwhileadvicetoanyyoungbusinessman.It’saworthwhilebook.太陽(yáng)從云層背后出現(xiàn)。DR_word_superiorsuperior:betterthanaverageorthanothersofthesametypeTheenemiesweresuperiorinnumbers.敵軍在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)。Pattern:besuperiortobesuperiorinThiscarpetisfarsuperiortothatoneinquality.這條地毯在質(zhì)量上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比那條好。AR_mainUsefulExpressionsSpotDictationDiscussionComparisonandContrastWritingPracticeSentenceTranslationProverbsandQuotationsAR_UsefulExpressions1UsefulExpressions

1.被系在…上beattachedto…2.探索行為exploratorybehavior3.偶爾onoccasion4.父母的責(zé)任parentalduties5.揭示，闡明throwlighton6.最終目的ultimatepurpose7.要做的動(dòng)作desiredactionAR_UsefulExpressions2desirableoutcomecriticalpointvalueofchildr