準確落實科學備考

準確落實科學備考準確落實科學備考準確落實科學備考

王勇中學英語高級教師，昆明市第一中學英語教研組長；云南省級中學英語骨干教師，云南省級優(yōu)秀教師，昆明市優(yōu)秀教育工作者；昆明市高考指導專家，昆明一中高三全國聯(lián)考命題組長；曾參加教育部首屆中學英語骨干教師國家級培訓，進修于英國布萊丁學院；所教學生高考和競賽成績優(yōu)異；獲云南省首屆高中英語教師課堂教學競賽二等獎，多篇論文發(fā)表于國家和省級核心刊物并獲省、市級一等獎。---解讀2016年全國《高考大綱》、《考試說明》和《試題分析》；---探索命題規(guī)律和2016年新課標全國Ⅱ卷命題方向；---討論高三第二輪復習策略及增分方法。1《考試大綱》《大綱說明》《試題分析》1.1認識1.2相互關(guān)系《考試大綱》制定高考英語考試內(nèi)容和要求。

《大綱說明》是對《考試大綱》的詮釋。對考試要求、考試形式、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)作具體說明。

《考試大綱》“要求詞匯量為3500左右”，同時說明:“各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)可以根據(jù)本地實際情況在《考試說明》中對詞匯量進行適當調(diào)整，但不得低于3000個單詞。同時，應(yīng)制訂計劃，在一定時間內(nèi)分期、分批增加至3500個單詞。

abandon《試題分析》是對前一年高考試卷的構(gòu)成、難點、題型特點、考點分布以及篇目詞數(shù)等進行詳細分析，同時會對當年試卷相關(guān)問題作預(yù)測和說明?！敖鼛啄甑母呖加⒄Z試卷一直將整體難度穩(wěn)定在0.55左右，能夠在較大程度上發(fā)揮為高效選拔人才的作用。今年的難度仍然穩(wěn)定在以往水平上，試卷一和二的難度分別為0.56和0.48；試卷中難、中、易實體店分布情況為20%、50%和30%，......”“‘語法填空’部分突出考查了考生在具體語境中運用語法知識的能力，所有考點均是中學英語教學中常用的基礎(chǔ)知識和重點內(nèi)容。”1.3《大綱說明》作用《大綱說明》是高考真題命題的直接依據(jù)，也是很多高質(zhì)量模擬題的命題依據(jù)；同時也是復習訓練的重要依據(jù)。明確題目類型、考點分布和試題結(jié)構(gòu)等

---詞數(shù)期間：閱讀A、B、C、D總數(shù)不少于900詞（每篇最長不超過350詞，一般每篇在270-330詞之間）；七選五約300詞；完形填空約250詞（2015：約260詞）；綜合填空200左右詞；短文改錯月100詞；書面表達100詞左右（一般在110-120之間）。---書面表達“提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等?！苯晏峋V式的書信居多。各題時間安排的參考價值部分節(jié)題目數(shù)量分數(shù)時間(分鐘)第一部分(閱讀理解)第一節(jié)（普通）153035第二節(jié)（七選五）510第二部分(語言知識運用)第一節(jié)（完形）203030第二節(jié)（綜合）1015第三部分(寫作)第一節(jié)（改錯）101035第二節(jié)（表達）125合計60＋1120100書面表達評分標準2014年、2015和2016年詞匯對比

命題和復習的詞匯以《大綱說明》為依據(jù)，而不是以《考試大綱》為依據(jù)。年份20142015/2016比較總詞匯量30373461增加424reject,relateappendix？compass？infer？《大綱說明》第二點變化《大綱說明》第三條:2014年“根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義”2015年和2016年“根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞和短語的詞義”《大綱說明》第三點變化綜合填空的題目要求:2014年“...在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。”2015年和2016年“...在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！?淡化語法，如何做到平衡需要明確觀點:---取消了單項選擇題，語法仍需要講；---準確理解語句、篇章仍需要扎實的語法功底；---做完形、綜合填空、短文改錯、書面表達等仍需要借助語法；---但語法學習需要調(diào)整重難點。2.1取消一些較偏的語法內(nèi)容關(guān)系副詞前用介詞的情況有時為表達清楚，還可以在關(guān)系where/when前加介詞from,to,by,since等。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.JaneisbackinMay,by___thenewhouseshouldbefinished.(08四川延考)A.whichB.that C.whom D.when關(guān)于that/which的區(qū)別2.2仍需要強調(diào)一些重要的項目四大關(guān)系(句子/短語相互關(guān)系的四種情況)what分解意義上相當于：what=先行詞＋which/thatIgaveherjustthemoneythatsheneeded.→Igaveherwhatsheneeded.具體分解用法：…的事/物=thethingthat=all/everythingthat...的距離=thedistancethat……的時間=thetimethat……的地方=theplacethat…HisfirststopwasinwhatistodayapartofVietnam.他的第一站是現(xiàn)在屬于越南的一個地方。…的人=thepersonthat….WhoisitthathasmadeFriedwhatheisnow?

是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在的樣子？…的數(shù)目=thenumberthat;…的價格=thepricethat……的速度=thespeedthat轉(zhuǎn)換“一……就……”assoonasat+名詞atthenewson/upon+動名詞/名詞Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.Onhisarrival,westartedtowork.名詞連詞化(含time的短語)：

themoment/theinstant(=assoonas);theday,theyear,theminute,thesecond；everytime,eachtime,anytime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,thefirst/secondtime,bythetimeHedidn’ttellmeanythingthelasttimeIsawhim.副詞連詞化immediately/instantly/directly=assoonas,Directlyshegotmymessage,mysistercame.句式型nosooner…than,hardly/barely/scarcely…whenShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.空間位置關(guān)系先行詞表空間位置地點對象事件→三維體situation,case,point,activity,position,condition,stage,scene(場面、出事地點),occasion(場合、特殊事件或儀式),degree,part,sport,system觀察：Thetworiversjoinatthispoint.

這兩條河流在這一地點匯合。Thepatientwillstayinhospitaluntilhereachesthepoint___hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.whichB.whereC.howD.why改錯：Wehavereachedapointthatachangeisneeded.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity___sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.whereHe’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why

不要脫離大綱、大綱說明及基本的語言運用做過分所謂系統(tǒng)的語法擴展。語法應(yīng)定為于為準確理解和表達服務(wù)。

年輕老師如果不太清楚如何把握重難點、不知如何取舍，就要多研究真題、多請教老教師。3各類題型需要注意的問題閱讀理解主旨題把握文章主題句和主題段三大特點：概括性、針對性、新穎性(標題型主旨)。集合法則文章主旨：

集合M四個選項:集合A集合B集合C集合DYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(難為情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplacesandsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclockortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalores(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyouareatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizedthedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneaslymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(攝入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,windglassthanatall,skinnyglass.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsyourHouseMakingYouFat?

B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-Consciousness

D.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

集合M住房環(huán)境對身材有一定影響……元素1把家變成節(jié)食計劃一部分的幾種方法……元素2增加房間的亮度……元素2.1將房間刷成冷色……元素2.2放慢用餐速度……元素2.3選用小盤和小湯匙…元素2.4錯誤答案B.WaysofServingDinnerB=S錯誤答案C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessC=S錯誤答案D.IsyourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?D=S正確答案A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?A=S=M推理題infer?learnfrom?learnabout?imply?suggest?Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Whatcanweinferfromthetext?的區(qū)別言外之意歸納總結(jié)文字轉(zhuǎn)換細節(jié)題張冠李戴無中生有偷梁換柱猜詞題兩題下劃線題？一題猜詞；另一題是對語句、短語、詞組的理解。趨勢近幾年不太考:段落主旨WhatisWRONG?WhatisNOTRIGHT?WhatisTRUE?事件順序事件數(shù)目后續(xù)推斷3.2完形填空及七選五以完形填空為例一類是：受制于前/后（特點：跨段、字面提示）；二類是：小語境定位（特點：本句、相鄰句或本段）；三類是：大語境定位（特點：干擾項符合小語境、但不符合大語境；正確選項兩者兼顧，大語境的準確把握需要準確概括文章主旨）

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44

Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.3.4綜合填空四大關(guān)系(句子/短語相互關(guān)系的四種情況)并列句逗號+并列連詞Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.HoweverIcookeggs,shestillrefusestoeatthem.雞蛋我不論用什么方法做，她仍然不吃。Youareteachers,whileI’mastudent.Itisverygood,yetitcanbebetter.這很好，但還能精益求精。Ourachievementsarethemainthinginourwork,andyettherearenotafewshortcomingsandmistakes.在我們的工作中間成績是主要的，但是缺點和錯誤也還不少。Tomiscomingheretootomorrow,soyoumightaswellcomewithher.Tom明天也到這里來，你不妨同她一道來。用分號Wefishedallday;

wedidn’tcatchathing.Havedifferentpeopleblowintothebottleandmarkthewaterleveleachtime;thatwillshowyouwhohasthelargestlungvolumeandwhohasthesmallest。用分號：（后跟一個連接副詞+逗號）：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.前后兩句之間有句號

Wefishedallday.Wedidn’tcatchathing.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.前后兩分別是主、從句定詞從句：(不能加入and,but,so,so等)名詞性從句狀語從句一部分是句子，另一部分是短語作狀語介詞短語作狀語Withtherightskills,findingajobinthecomputerindustryshouldn’tbeasdifficult.(短語前不能用連詞)

形容詞作狀語

Hehurriedintotheclassroom,hungryandtired.(短語前不能用連詞)非謂語形式作狀語Beingill,shedoesn’tgotoschool.Ladiesandgentlemen,Itisagreatpleasuretowelcomeyouallheretoday.Iamgreatly61(honor)torepresentourcollegetoopenthisnewschool.Untilnow,therehasnotbeenaninternationalschoolatthiscollege.Therearealargenumberofpeoplewhomwemustthank.Inthelastfewyears,they62(devote)alotoftimetothisnewschool.Theyhaveworkedwithgreat63(determine)tohavethisbuildingfinishedintimefortheschoolyear64(start)inSeptember.Itis

agreatpleasurethatProfessorBlockisheretoday,65researchindiseasesofthebloodwonher66NobelPrize.Soitwasgoodnewsforallofusthatshewaswillingthatthisfineschoolwouldbenamedafterherand67(call)TheBlockInternationalSchool.Thisautumn,thisschoolwillwelcome176newstudents.However,somemoreworkremains68(do).WehopethatinthenextfiveyearswewillbeabletoopenanothernewschoolforSouth-easterncountries.Today,Ihopethatyouwillenjoyyourvisit69thisnewschool.Pleaseexplorethenewbuildingandadmiretheexcellentlaboratoriesandlecturehalls.What’sthe70(importance)isthatduringtodayyouwillmeetoldfriendsandmakenewones.Finally,withgreatpleasure,InowdeclaretheBlockInternationalSchoolopen.考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及able去掉e，加ablebelieve―believable(注意unbelievable),value―valuableadvise―advisable（明智的，能勸告的），desire―desirable（渴望的，有欲望的）achieve―achievable（做得成的，可完成的，可有成就的）forgive―forgivable可寬恕的―unforgivable不可原諒的，難以饒恕的admire―admirable值得贊揚的、令人欽佩的，極好的love―lovable可愛的，惹人愛的考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及able保留e，加ableknowledge―knowledgeable,change―changeable,notice―noticeable詞尾沒有e，直接加ableprefer―preferable,favour―favourable贊許的、有利的,respect―respectable可敬的（對比respected受尊敬的、受敬重的、受重視的；respectful恭敬的、有禮貌的）accept―acceptable可接受的,eat―eatable可吃的,suit―suitable考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及able重讀閉音節(jié)，且只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾forget―forgettable(注意unforgettable),regret―regrettable令人遺憾的、可惜的（對比regretful后悔的、失望的、遺憾的）改y為i，加able考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及ment去掉e，加mentargue―argument,其余的直接加mentachieve―achievement,state―statement,encourage―encouragement,amaze―amazement,arrange―arrangemente可有可無judge―judg(e)ment考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法動詞變副詞，先變?yōu)樾稳菰~，再變?yōu)楦痹~excite―excited―excitedly,surprise―surprising―surprisingly,repeat―repeated―repeatedly特殊拼寫詞four―forty,nine―ninth―ninthly,twelve―twelfth,twenty―twentieth易拼寫錯的詞congratulations,convenient,fortunate,favor,考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及l(fā)y

ful結(jié)尾，直接加lycareful―carefully,successful―successfully,beautiful―beautifully,thankful―thankfullyal結(jié)尾，直接加lyactual―actually,official―officially,gradual―gradually,special―speciallyespecial―especially,annual―annually考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及l(fā)y

e結(jié)尾，直接加lyimmediate―immediately,complete―completely,extreme―extremely,absolute―absolutely,fortunate―fortunately(注意unfortunately),rare―rarely,entire―entirely,strange―strangely,secure―securely改y為i，加lysteady―steadily(注意steady―unsteadily),angry―angrily,easy―easily考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法涉及l(fā)y

去e，加lytrue―truly（注意true―truth）以le結(jié)尾，去e，加yprobable―probably,able―ably,simple―simply,possible―possiblygentle―gently,profitable（有利的，可賺錢的）―

profitably（有利地，有益地），其它加lywild―wildly，dead―deadly（致命的）考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法形容詞變名詞加tysafe―safety,honest―honesty,加itypopular―popularity,特殊various―variety考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法動詞去e，＋al變名詞arrive―arrival,approve―approval（贊成，認可），survive―survivalpropose―proposal動詞以te結(jié)尾，去e，加ion，變名詞absolute―absolution,考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法重讀閉音節(jié)，且只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾單音節(jié)詞shop―shopping,get―getting,let―letting,plan―planning,chat―chatting,quit―quitting,dig―digging,ban―banning―banned,spot―spotted考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法重讀閉音節(jié)，且只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾雙音節(jié)詞permit―permitted,refer―referring,infer―inferring,occur―occurring,control―controlled―controlling,admit―admitting,prefer―preferred,begin―beginning,forget―forgetting(注意forgettable,unforgettable),regret―regretted,考前給學生歸納構(gòu)詞法形容詞或名詞+en/n，變動詞deep―deepen,sharp―sharpen,strength―strengthen,wide―widen注意write―wrote―written―writing3.5短文改錯3.5.1借助四大關(guān)系1.Walkedslowlyalongastreet,Mr.Smith,awarm-heartedoldman,sawalittleboytryingtoreachadoorbellthatwastoohighforhim.（1處錯）2.Tryingtobefriendlytopeopleyoumeetandshowinterestinwhattheyaredoing.（1處錯）3.Theyhadagoodteacher,hewascurioustofindouthowthingshappened.（1處錯）3.5短文改錯3.5.1借助四大關(guān)系4.Shewaswalkinginaquietstreetwhenamanwithakniferunnningtowardsher.（1處錯）5.Boysandgirls,pleaseremainseatingandkeepquietuntiltheelectricitysupplyreturnstonormal.（1處錯）6.Dressingintheirshooluniform,thestudentsareproudoftheirschool.(1處錯）7.Bydrinkingaglassofwaterbeforegoingtosleep,youcanwakeupwithyourbodyfunctionedasitshouldbe.（1處錯）3.5短文改錯設(shè)點間距至少三個詞；堅持只有一缺、一多原則；堅持一句不超兩處錯誤的原則；觀察分布：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語、名詞單復數(shù)、形容詞/副詞、代詞(指代混亂)、語句邏輯關(guān)系基本各有一處；介詞、冠詞、連詞、主謂一致、固定搭配輪流考查。注意2011年有情態(tài)動詞的設(shè)置。今年，虛擬？符號、書寫規(guī)范。3.6書面表達突出主題分類佳句模仿采用分類背默的方法課堂背默限時、書寫要求、評分、不合格補寫

感謝信1致謝I’mwritingtoexpressmysinceregratitudefor___.2.1珍惜/贊美(付出/禮物)I'dlikeyoutoknowhowmuchyoumeanttome.Youhaveapositivegenius(天才、天賦)for…2.2影響Withoutyourhelp/involvement,IfearthatIwouldhavebeen_____.Ishalleverremember…asoneof