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文獻(xiàn)的檢索科技論文的寫作論文的發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議與交流相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)處理與編輯軟件的使用4.學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議交流SourcesforConferenceInformation國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet);學(xué)校以及科研機(jī)構(gòu)的海報(bào);導(dǎo)師以及其他老師、同學(xué)或同事;通過一些專業(yè)期刊或會(huì)議文集;作為一些學(xué)術(shù)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)的成員;

SomewordsField研究領(lǐng)域

cf:area,discipline,interest,major,subject,scope,range,category2.conference會(huì)議、大會(huì)

cf:symposium

研討會(huì)(專題性較強(qiáng),有類似講座性質(zhì)的報(bào)告會(huì)議)

congress

大會(huì)(通常是具有代表性質(zhì)的會(huì)議,尤指政治性會(huì)議)

colloquium研討會(huì)(一個(gè)廣泛研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的學(xué)術(shù)專家討論會(huì),通常在每次會(huì)議上由不同學(xué)者提起)

convention

大會(huì)(尤指全國(guó)性和政治、宗教、政黨等的集會(huì))cont.cf:seminar

研討會(huì),研討班(如小組例會(huì))

workshop專題研討會(huì),講習(xí)班,實(shí)習(xí)班(理科較多用)

summit峰會(huì),首腦會(huì)議(并不一定是國(guó)家首腦,省市、校等的

首腦)

exhibit展覽會(huì)(如上海世博會(huì))

exposition

展示會(huì),展銷會(huì)(如廣交會(huì))

cont.cf:forum

論壇

NGO

Forum:NongovernmentalOrganization

WTO…:WorldTradeOrganization

WHO…:WorldHealthOrganization

round-table圓桌會(huì)議

specialpanel專題討論會(huì)

postersession張貼會(huì)議,展示會(huì)議

annualmeeting

年會(huì)

biennialmeeting

隔年會(huì)議3announcement會(huì)議通知(first…,second…)

circular會(huì)議通告(first…,second…)

calendar會(huì)歷,會(huì)議日程,活動(dòng)安排表4

callforpapers論文征稿啟事

callforabstracts文摘征稿啟事

callforposters張貼征稿啟事

callforproposals提案(會(huì)議、項(xiàng)目等計(jì)劃書)征稿啟事5Forthcoming/upcomingmeeting即將召開的會(huì)議

eg:…(meeting)willbehosted

by…(organization)on…(date)in…cf:beheld,beconvened,beorganized,besponsored

jointsponsorship

聯(lián)合資助6society學(xué)會(huì),協(xié)會(huì)

association協(xié)會(huì),學(xué)會(huì)

federation聯(lián)合會(huì),協(xié)會(huì)(下可設(shè)幾個(gè)associationsorsocieties)7keynotespeaker主題發(fā)言人,主旨發(fā)言人

invitedspeaker特邀發(fā)言人8pre-print會(huì)前論文預(yù)印集

pre-abstracts,advancedabstracts會(huì)前文摘預(yù)印集9proceedings會(huì)議論文集

cf:symposium,papers,transactions,reports,prints

均可作為會(huì)議集的書名10organiser會(huì)議主辦機(jī)構(gòu)(英式拼法,美式為:organizer)會(huì)議的組織主辦者、發(fā)起者(sponsor):決定會(huì)議的主題;組織者(organizers):負(fù)責(zé)具體各方面的事情;

—組織委員會(huì)(organizingcommittee):

關(guān)鍵參加人員;接收論文以及分類;選擇分會(huì)主題以及主席;制作相關(guān)參加人員的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);負(fù)責(zé)會(huì)議的資金;

—秘書(secretary):

負(fù)責(zé)會(huì)議程序的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);出版會(huì)議文集;把會(huì)議主席介紹給聽眾;做會(huì)議記錄并分發(fā)給組織委員會(huì)成員;

—后勤委員會(huì)(logisticscommittee):

準(zhǔn)備會(huì)議所用的設(shè)備;會(huì)議用餐以及住宿;會(huì)議的注冊(cè);安排會(huì)議的隨行人員;

SessionModes主旨發(fā)言大會(huì)(keynotesessions):

—該領(lǐng)域知名專家;定下會(huì)議主題;全會(huì)或主旨發(fā)言大會(huì);全文收集在會(huì)議文集中;口頭報(bào)告(oralsessions):

—構(gòu)成會(huì)議及文集的主體;全會(huì)、專題討論會(huì)、分組會(huì)議;作者可以與會(huì)議參加者更充分討論;張貼(postersessions):

—作者可以與感興趣者更深入的交流;摘要或全文被收集在會(huì)議文集中;

Somewords11secretary大會(huì)秘書

secretariat大會(huì)秘書處

organizingcommittee組委會(huì)

programcommittee程序委員會(huì)

scientificcommittee科學(xué)委員會(huì)

papercommittee論文委員會(huì)

financecommittee財(cái)務(wù)委員會(huì)

logisticscommittee后勤委員會(huì)

accompanyingpersonscommittee隨行人員委員會(huì)12generalchair大會(huì)主席sessionchair會(huì)議主席convener會(huì)議召集人moderator,chairman會(huì)議主持人technicalprogramchair技術(shù)程序主席13Meetingminutes會(huì)議紀(jì)錄

plenarysession全會(huì)、大會(huì)

keynotesession主旨發(fā)言大會(huì)(一般為全會(huì))

panelsessions專題討論會(huì)、分組討論會(huì)

parallelsessions分組會(huì)議

cf.concurrentsessions,simultaneoussessions,panels,discussions,symposia,colloquia(座談會(huì)),sections,satellitemeetings,topicalmeetingsthematicmeetingsresearch-in-progresssession在研項(xiàng)目研討會(huì)

oralpresentation口頭報(bào)告

posterpresentation張貼報(bào)告、展示報(bào)告

fullpaperpresentation宣讀論文全文的報(bào)告14timeslot/timelimit/timeblock時(shí)間段

cf.allottedtimeallocatedtimeagreedtimelimitstaywithin…minutesconfineto…minutesprizeaddress獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)甙l(fā)言

questionandanswersession(Q&A)提問與回答時(shí)間

generaldiscussion集體討論,集中討論

one-to-oneQ&A安排在每一個(gè)報(bào)告后的提問與答問時(shí)間閱讀材料:OrganizerandSponsor

Everymeetingmusthaveanorganizer

whoisthepersonororganizationassignedtomanagetheevent,andinassociationwithasponsor,decidethesubjectorsubjectstobepresented.Itistheorganizer’stasktoselectavenue,assembleaguestspeakerorpanelofguestspeakers,formulateaninvitationtointerestedparties,appointachairandtherequiredstafftoconducttheevent.Theorganizeristheprincipalagentwhoshouldplaneverythingforthemeetingandbrieftheselectedchair,secretaryandancillarystaff,intheirrequiredduties.Therefore,ifyouhavesomethingtoclarifyorconfirm,itistheorganizer,ratherthanthesponsor,thatyoushouldturnto.閱讀材料:Thesecretary

Oneofthemajorresponsibilitiesofthesecretaryistocirculatetheprogramandpublishthepreprintsandproceedingsofpresentedpapersorabstracts.Asthesecretary’snameappearsonallpublicityofaconference,thisisthefirstpersonyoucontactandtheoneyoucomplaintowhennecessary.Itisalsothesecretarywhohasthetaskofintroducingthechairtotheaudience.He/SheisalsoresponsibleformeetingminutesanddistributingtheminutestoallOrganizingCommitteemembers.OrganizingCommittee/ProgramCommittee

Theorganizing/programcommitteehaveoverallresponsibilityfordecisionsmadeforthesuccessoftheconference.Theyworkonissuesrelatedtothequalityofthemeeting,includingkeyparticipants,fundingsources,andrelevanttopics;receivepapers,abstractsandposters,ifthereisnoScientificCommitteeorPaperCommittee;selectsessiontopicsandchair,sortabstracts,organizesessions,andhandofftosessionchairs;Cont.

responsibleforassemblingprogramandcreatingdatabaseofauthorswiththeiraddressesandtitles;ensurethefinancialsolvencyofthemeeting,includingcheckinganticipatedexpenses,projectedrevenues,corporatesponsorships,andregistrationandaccommodationfees;andsecurefundingsources,includingcoffeebreaksponsors,programschedulesponsors,banquetsponsors,workshopsponsors,etc.ifthereisnoFinanceCommittee.LogisticsCommittee:

TheLogisticsCommitteecoordinateallmeetingandpresentationfacilities,foodservices,registrations,presentationequipment,roomaccommodations,andothergeneralconferencelogisticsrequiredtohostconferencesattheselectedfacility.Theysetuptheprogramsforthespousesandotheraccompanyingpersonsduringtheconference,ifthereisnoAccompanyingPersonsCommittee.KeynoteSessions:

Keynoteaddressesareusuallydeliveredbywell-knownandexperiencedspecialistsinthefield.KeynoteSpeakersandSessionChairswouldsetthetoneforthethemeoftheconferenceorsupportthetheme.Thesepapersarebyinvitation.Thesepresentationsaredeliveredtotheentireconferencegroupattheplenarysessionsorkeynotesessionsandareusuallyincludedasfull-lengthpapersaspartoftheconferenceliterature.Thoughthesepapersareinvited,neitherthepresentationtimenorthepaperlengthshouldexceedthegivenlimit.OralSessions:

Limitedreviewed,full-lengthpaperscanbepresentedorally,whichcomprisethecoreoftheconferenceprogram.Theyareorganizedintoplenarysessions,panelsessionsorconcurrentsessions,eachofwhichwillbeconstitutedofseveralpapers.Thereisopportunityformoredetaileddiscussionsbetweentheauthorsandtheparticipantsinthesesessions.Full-lengthpapersshouldnotexceedcertaintimeandpagelimit.Thesepapersarethemainpartoftheconferencepreprintsorproceedings.

PosterSessions:

Abstractsorpapersthatreceivehighscoresareusuallyarrangedtopresentorallyattheplenaryorparallelsessions,othersarearrangedintothepostersessions.Howeveratsomeconference,youareinvitedtopresentyourpaperasaposterinadditiontotheoralpresentation.Postsessionsareavaluablemethodforauthorstopresentpapersandmeetwithinterestedviewersforin-depthtechnicaldiscussions.Thesepaperswillalsobepartoftheconferenceproceedings,asabstractsorfull-lengthpapers.PostersATitleASummaryAnIntroductionATheoryorMethodologyAResultAConclusionAFurtherworkSomeProblemsasfollowingmayexistinposterdesign:Inabilitytoreadtheposterfromadistanceof1.5mormore,duetosmallletters,numbersandsymbols;Toomuchinformationandtextpresented;Objectivesandconclusionsnotclearlystated;Figuresandlabelsnotself-explantatory;…

Trytodesignyourpostercarefully,usingcolorornumbercoding,orcirclesandlinestohelpyouidentifyandcategorizetheinformation.Ultimately,posterdesignisapersonalmatteranddifferentindividualswillhavedifferentviewsonhowbesttopresentcertaininformation,Nevertheless,herearesomecommonrulesyoushouldfollow:1.KeeptheMaterialsSimple

Youshouldmakefulluseofthespace,butdonotcrampapagefullofinformationastheresultcanoftenappearmessy;beconciseanddonotwaffle.Useonlypertinentinformationtoconveyyourmessage;beselectivewhenshowingresults.

Presentonlythosethatillustratethemainfindingsoftheresearch.However,dokeepotherresultshandysothatyoumayrefertothemwhenasked.2.UseColorsSparinglyandwithTaste

Colorsshouldbeusedonlytoemphasize,differentiateandtoaddinterest.Donotusecolorsjusttoimpress.Trytoavoidusinglargeswathesofbrightgarishcolorslike

brightgreen,pink,orangeorlilac.Itisbettertokeepthebackgroundlightaspeopleareusedtoit.Choosebackgroundandforegroundcolorcombinationsthehavehighcontrastandcomplementeachother-darkblueonwhiteorverylightgrey,forexample.Avoidtheuseofgradientfills.Theymaylookgreatonacomputerdisplay,butunlessyouhaveaccesstoahighresolutionprinter,thepaperversioncanlookreallytatty.3.DoNotUseMoreThanTwoFontTypes

Toomanyfonttypesdistracts,especiallywhentheyappearsonthesamesentence.FontsthatareeasyontheeyesareTimesNewRomanandArial.Titlesandheadingsshouldappearlargerthanothertext,butnottoolarge.Thetextshouldalsobelegiblefromadistance,sayfrom1.5mto2m.4.DoNotUseAllUPPERCASETypeinYourPosters

Capitalizedletterscanmakethematerialdifficulttoread.5.ProperlyUsePictures,GraphsandDiagrams

Apictureisworthathousandwords,butonlyifitisdrawnproperlyandusedappropriately.Choosegraphtypesthatareappropriatetotheinformationthatyourwanttodisplay.Annotations(注釋)shouldbelargeenough,andthelinesofline-graphsshouldbethickenoughsothattheymaybeviewedfromadistance.Insteadofusinglinesofdifferentthickness,usecontrastingcoloredlinesordifferentlinestylestodistinguishbetweendifferentlinesinmulti-linegraphs.

Diagramsanddrawingsshouldbelabeledandshouldbelargeandclearenoughsothattheyarestilllegiblefromadistance.6.MaintainaConsistentStyle

Inconsistentstylesgivetheimpressionofdisharmonyandcaninterruptthefluencyandflowofyourmessages.Headingsonthedifferentpagesofthepostershouldappearinthesamepositiononallpages.Graphsshouldbeofthesamesizeandscaleespeciallyiftheyaretobecompared.Ifboldletteringsisusedforemphasisononepage,thendonotuseitalicsonothers.Captionsforgraphs,drawingsandtablesshouldeitherbepositionedatthetoporatthebottomofthefigure.

7.CheckYourSpellingCheckyourspelling,especiallyiftheyareonthetitlepage.基金資助的主要來源某組織的成員(membership);學(xué)生(studentship);提前注冊(cè)(earlyregistration);特殊的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)(specialawards);來自于其它組織或合作者的資助;2.申請(qǐng)的主要原則:多渠道考慮;提前準(zhǔn)備;會(huì)議前的準(zhǔn)備會(huì)議前的預(yù)講(Rehearsal):

—自己的發(fā)音是否清晰;

—語(yǔ)調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫;

—自己的手勢(shì)、姿態(tài)以及表情;

—注意時(shí)間的把握;

—考慮聽眾可能提出的問題;

—投影、麥克風(fēng)等設(shè)備的使用;不同文化背景及習(xí)慣的考慮;盡可能多獲取有關(guān)會(huì)議的信息;Effectivepresentation口頭表達(dá):發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么;為什么重要;ppt顯示:照片、圖表等強(qiáng)調(diào)口頭表達(dá)的內(nèi)容;問題和討論:

口頭表達(dá):發(fā)言稿嚴(yán)格限制所要表達(dá)材料的數(shù)量,只包括最關(guān)鍵的信息,一定要在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)表達(dá)清楚;表達(dá)要有邏輯性,F(xiàn)irst,telltheaudiencewhatyou’regoingtotellthem;Second,tellthem;Then,tellthemwhatyou’vetoldthem;對(duì)聽眾的了解,experts?Peers?Novices?

分單元來寫,便于把握?qǐng)?bào)告時(shí)間;口頭表達(dá):一些表示過渡的句子和詞匯(1)Tostart,add,continue,orintroduceideas:

—tobeginwith;besides;inaddition;first;moreover;Todetailideas:

—thatistosay;asanapplication;basically;namely;Tocompareideas:—incontrast;similarly;however;instead;likewise;

口頭表達(dá):一些表示過渡的句子和詞匯(2)Torepeatideas:

—again;asbefore;oncemore;ashasbeenstated;Toshowposition:

—adjacent;nextto;here;atthetop;infrontof;Toshowpurpose:

—forthisreason;inorderto;tothisend;withthisgoal;口頭表達(dá):一些表示過渡的句子和詞匯(3)Toshowsolidityordoubt:

—certainly;conclusively;infact;perhaps;hopfully;Toshowtime:

—afterward;recently;today;immediately;alittlelaterToshowresult:

—accordingly;hence;asaresult;consequently;Tosummarizeideas:

—insummary;tosumup;inessence;

口頭表達(dá):一些注意事項(xiàng)提前到達(dá),與主持人會(huì)面,熟悉報(bào)告地點(diǎn)及所要使用的設(shè)備;報(bào)告過程中注意與聽眾眼神交流,并利用反饋信息調(diào)整講話的速度;講話一定要大聲、清晰、肯定、自信;最后一定要給出結(jié)論;不要超時(shí),一旦超時(shí),要迅速總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)結(jié)束報(bào)告;ppt的制作:準(zhǔn)備和內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)事先了解哪些設(shè)備可以提供;內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)的原則是能否支持、強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn);有利于聽眾對(duì)所談問題的理解;ppt的主要結(jié)構(gòu):

—titleslide;purposeslide;outlineslide;bodyslide;conclusionslide;futureworkslide;ppt的制作:格式采用一致的格式、字體、字號(hào)、大小寫及顏色等;文字左對(duì)齊,不要完全大寫;強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)采用黑體而不是下劃線;采用顯示效果好的字體,如:TimesNewRoman,Arial等;字體的變化不要太多,且僅強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用;每一頁(yè)(slide)2-3個(gè)觀點(diǎn)比較合適,最多不要超過6個(gè);ppt的制作:顏色的選取背景的選擇:保持背景的簡(jiǎn)單,注意與文字的對(duì)比;避免采用明亮、耀眼的背景,比如紅色、金色、明亮的藍(lán)色等;文字顏色變化不要過多,堅(jiān)持一種色調(diào)模式;不要將紅色和綠色放在一起;注意放大會(huì)縮減明亮度和清晰度;帶ppt預(yù)講熟練操作設(shè)備,確保開始一個(gè)新的話題前,顯示相應(yīng)的頁(yè)面,確保思路不會(huì)中斷;當(dāng)顯示正確的頁(yè)面后,應(yīng)把身體從屏幕前移開,確保聽眾可以完全看清;只有當(dāng)談到某問題時(shí)才打開相應(yīng)的頁(yè)面,該頁(yè)面顯示的時(shí)間由該問題的重要及復(fù)雜程度決定;用激光筆指示ppt上的內(nèi)容時(shí)要準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí);一些注意事項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不要過于花哨;不要有任何語(yǔ)法、拼寫錯(cuò)誤;若兩次談到同一內(nèi)容,做兩張幻燈片;要面向聽眾,而不是念ppt的內(nèi)容;保持ppt和談話內(nèi)容同步;問題和討論:一些注意事項(xiàng)提前考慮聽眾可能提出的問題,并做好準(zhǔn)備確保讓所有人聽到并理解所問問題。若自己也沒聽到,應(yīng)請(qǐng)?zhí)釂栒咧貜?fù)一遍;若自己已經(jīng)聽清,應(yīng)由報(bào)告者本人重復(fù);回答問題要面向提問者,直接、簡(jiǎn)練;若遇到之前報(bào)告中提到或有人問過而沒有解釋清楚的問題,應(yīng)換一種方式解釋;確保能掌控該環(huán)節(jié)的進(jìn)程,及時(shí)、得體的結(jié)束;信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

1.基本原則:

I.動(dòng)筆之前一定要清楚想要說什么或問什么;

II.內(nèi)容一定要直接、清楚,使讀者能迅速抓住其中的主要意思;

III.要有禮貌的語(yǔ)氣;

IV.沒有拼寫、語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)方面的錯(cuò)誤;

V.分段來寫;

VI.前后統(tǒng)一的格式;信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

2.信件的標(biāo)點(diǎn)及格式:

I.標(biāo)點(diǎn):

(1).混合標(biāo)點(diǎn)(mixedpunctuation):在稱呼(salutation)之后用逗號(hào)或冒號(hào),信尾套語(yǔ)(complimentaryclose)之后用逗號(hào),但在地址后面無標(biāo)點(diǎn);

(2).開放標(biāo)點(diǎn)(openpunctuation):在稱呼和信尾套語(yǔ)之后無標(biāo)點(diǎn);信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

2.信件的標(biāo)點(diǎn)及格式:

II.信件的格式:

(1).全齊頭式(fullblockstyle):所有的行都左對(duì)齊,每一項(xiàng)或段都至少隔一行,通常用開放標(biāo)點(diǎn),也可采用混合標(biāo)點(diǎn);

(2).半齊頭式(semi-blockstyle):日期和回信地址,信尾套語(yǔ)和簽名,位于中間或偏右的位置;開放標(biāo)點(diǎn)和混合標(biāo)點(diǎn)都可使用,通常稱呼后加冒號(hào);

(3).半縮進(jìn)式(semi-indentedstyle):要求每一段開頭縮進(jìn)4-5個(gè)字母的位置,段落之間不必隔行;通常用混合標(biāo)點(diǎn),稱呼后常用逗號(hào);全齊頭式(fullblockstyle):所有的行都左對(duì)齊,每一項(xiàng)或段都至少隔一行,通常用開放標(biāo)點(diǎn),也可采用混合標(biāo)點(diǎn);半齊頭式(semi-blockstyle):日期和回信地址,信尾套語(yǔ)和簽名,位于中間或偏右的位置;開放標(biāo)點(diǎn)和混合標(biāo)點(diǎn)都可使用,通常稱呼后加冒號(hào)半齊頭式(semi-blockstyle):日期和回信地址,信尾套語(yǔ)和簽名,位于中間或偏右的位置;開放標(biāo)點(diǎn)和混合標(biāo)點(diǎn)都可使用半縮進(jìn)式(semi-indentedstyle):要求每一段開頭縮進(jìn)4-5個(gè)字母的位置,段落之間不必隔行;通常用混合標(biāo)點(diǎn)信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

3.正式信件的必要部分:

I.信頭或回信地址(letterheadorreturnaddress):

若無信頭,回信地址位于左上方(全齊頭式)或右上方(半齊頭式或半縮進(jìn)式),地址必須完整,不必寫上自己的名字,無標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),門牌號(hào)前不加“No.”,可以加上電話、email等;例:PhilosophyDepartmentNanjingUniversity22HankouRoadNanjing210093P.R.China信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

3.正式信件的必要部分:

II.日期欄(dateline):位于信頭或回信地址的下方,格式為“月-日-逗號(hào)-年”或“日-月-年”;例:May12,200326October2002

注意不要采用可能引起混淆的純數(shù)字方式,比如1/7/2003。信件的寫作普通信件的寫作3.正式信件的必要部分:III.信內(nèi)地址:位于日期的下方,在所有格式中都左對(duì)齊,至少包括3部分:名字,街道和門牌號(hào),城市、州及郵編;若寫給兩個(gè)人,其名字分行寫:例:MissSallySmithMr.RobertJohnson若在一行中,名字之后有頭銜,用逗號(hào):例:ProfessorSylvesterSims,ViceChairman或:ProfessorSylvesterSims

ViceChairman信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

3.正式信件的必要部分:

III.信內(nèi)地址:若寫給一個(gè)主任、秘書或其他你不知道名字的人,可以只寫他(她)的工作頭銜,而在稱呼中用“DearSirorMadam”;例:TheSecretaryBureauforEducationalVisitsSeymourMewsHouseSeymourMewsLondonW1H9PEEngland信件的寫作普通信件的寫作3.正式信件的必要部分:IV.稱呼(Salutation):位于信內(nèi)地址的下方,隔兩行,左對(duì)齊;通常用“Dear”開頭,可以加適當(dāng)?shù)念^銜;若不知道名字,用“DearSir”,“DearMadam”等,或“Towhomitmayconcern”若寫給一群人,用“GentlemenandLadies”,“Gentlemen”等,前面無“Dear”例:DearProfessorBaconDearMs.AndrewsGentlemen信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

3.正式信件的必要部分:

V.正文(body):位于稱呼或主題欄下方,隔一行或兩行;在全齊頭式或半齊頭式中,段落左對(duì)齊,在半縮進(jìn)式中,每一段第一行縮進(jìn)4-5個(gè)字母的位置;

VI.信尾套語(yǔ)(complimentaryclose):位于正文下方;在全齊頭式中,左對(duì)齊,在半齊頭式或半縮進(jìn)式中,在中間或偏右方5個(gè)字母位置開始;第一個(gè)字母大寫,若稱呼處用了冒號(hào)或逗號(hào),信尾套語(yǔ)后用逗號(hào),否則不用;例:SincerelyyoursYourssincerelyFaithfully信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

3.正式信件的必要部分:

VII.簽名(signature):包括手寫的簽名、打印的名字和一些可選的部分;打印的名字位于信尾套語(yǔ)下方,隔2-3行,可以加頭銜、學(xué)位等;手寫的簽名位于信尾套語(yǔ)和打印的名字之間,應(yīng)為自己習(xí)慣使用的名字的全稱,不必加頭銜、學(xué)位等;打印的名字之后可以加自己?jiǎn)挝坏拿Q等;例:Sincereyours,

TerryBradleyTerryBradley,Ph.D.信件的寫作普通信件的寫作

4.信紙和信封:I.信紙:對(duì)于正式的信件,最好采用帶信頭的信紙;II.信封:收信人的地址位于信封的右下邊;寄信人的地址位于左上邊;信封上的地址要與信內(nèi)地址一致;信件的寫作電子郵件(Email)的寫作

1.Email的格式:通常采用全齊頭式,不必寫上寄信人的email地址和日期;

2.主題(subjectheading):

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