【公開課課件】第三部分 專題2 冠詞

Grammar第三部分

詞法篇——代詞、冠詞、介詞和數(shù)詞專題1代詞專題2冠詞專題3介詞專題4數(shù)詞PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單PART

2重溫高考真題PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)專題2冠詞PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖不定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.表示數(shù)量“一”，相當(dāng)于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.2.表示“同一”，相當(dāng)于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3.表示泛指或類指，指人或事物的某一個(gè)或某一類。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.4.用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5.用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等的單位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6.用于專有名詞前表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于“acertain”。AMrLiisaskingtoseeyou.7.與某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞連用，表示“一種/一類/一份/一場(chǎng)/一陣/……”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.8.用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9.表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐的名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可用不定冠詞。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear.ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10.用在某些固定詞組中。haveaswim

allofasuddenonceinawhile asaresult(of)inahurry asawholeatatime定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.用于上文提到過的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2.用于說(shuō)話人與聽話人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前，如：thesun。4.用于表示方位的名詞之前，如：intheeast。5.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。6.用于“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”中，表示“越……越……”。Themore，thebetter.7.用于表示兩者相比“較……的那個(gè)人或物”的比較級(jí)形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8.用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化，表示一類人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞(如國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、建筑物、報(bào)紙、會(huì)議、條約等的名稱)之前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。10.用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島等名詞之前，如：theWestLake。11.用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12.用于作為課程或演奏等的西洋樂器名詞前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13.用于表示度量單位的名詞前，如：bytheday。14.用于年代、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前，如：inthe1970s。15.用于某些固定詞組中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。零冠詞的情況1.不含普通名詞的專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞，如：China，America。2.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時(shí)，不加冠詞。Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.3.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞，如：inMarch，onSunday，havesupper。4.稱呼語(yǔ)前不加冠詞。WhatshallIdonext，Mother?5.表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。6.學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。7.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。8.在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。9.連系動(dòng)詞turn后的表語(yǔ)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)須倒裝，though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，其表語(yǔ)(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時(shí)不加冠詞。Childasheis，heknowsalot.11.某些固定詞組中不加冠詞，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。注意下列詞組的區(qū)別：gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool到學(xué)校去(不一定是去上學(xué))goto/beatchurch去做禮拜/在做禮拜goto/beatthechurch去/在教堂(不一定是做禮拜)

gotobed就寢，上床睡覺gotothebed向床走去，走到床前(不一定是去睡覺)

gotosea出海(是海員)gotothesea去海邊(不一定是海員)beinhospital在住院beinthehospital在醫(yī)院里(不一定是病人)

beinprison在坐牢beintheprison在監(jiān)獄(不一定是犯人)

infrontof在……(外部)的前面inthefrontof在……(內(nèi)部)的前面)

sitattable吃飯sitatthetable坐在桌旁(不一定是吃飯)

byday在白天bytheday按天計(jì)算takeplace發(fā)生taketheplaceof代替

inpossessionofsth.

擁有某物inthepossessionofsb.

為某人所擁有

insightof能看見，看得見inthesightof在……看來(lái)；從……觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看書面表達(dá)中冠詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦由于受到漢語(yǔ)的干擾，冠詞錯(cuò)用或遺漏是我們中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫作中常見的錯(cuò)誤類型之一。存在的誤區(qū)有以下幾種：1.對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的應(yīng)用判斷失誤(誤)TheChristmaseveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheChristmaseveningpartywasa

success.2.冠詞在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的誤用(誤)MrsTaylorhasaneight--year--olddaughterwho,hasthegiftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.(正)MrsTaylorhasaneight--year--olddaughterwho,hasagiftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.

(誤)Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhaswordswithus.(正)Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhasawordwithus.3.冠詞表示類別和不用冠詞時(shí)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(誤)InmanyplacesofChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesofChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.PART

2重溫高考真題考向1表特指的定冠詞和表泛指的不定冠詞Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover

past25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析句意為：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去的25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%，而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。此處特指在過去的25年里，故填the。the123452.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover

top.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。the123453.Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayas

modelinNewYork.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案解析解析句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。a123454.ForPahlsson，itsreturnwas

wonder.(2017·浙江)答案解析解析awonder一個(gè)奇跡。a123455.Heowned

farm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·廣東)答案解析解析句意為：他擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)看起來(lái)都快廢棄了。a是不定冠詞，泛指“一個(gè)……”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。a12345Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案解析解析句意為：去年寒假期間，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。gotothecountryside去鄉(xiāng)下，是固定搭配?！膖he12345672.Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)a答案解析解析這里表示“作為一個(gè)孩子”，是泛指而非特指。故把the改為a。12345673.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)an/one答案解析解析

hour是以元音音素開頭的單詞，前面要用不定冠詞an。表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”可以用anhour也可以用onehour。12345674.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析此處特指我們所生活的這個(gè)世界?！膖he12345675.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.(2016·四川)解析解析此處特指“我們”家的廚房。答案∧the12345676.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析解析inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村，特指“我”的家所處的鄉(xiāng)下。答案∧the12345677.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析此處為復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指一類事物，不加冠詞。故刪除the。1234567考向2固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Unexpectedly，I’mface--to--facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingat

topofherlungs.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案解析解析固定短語(yǔ)atthetopofone’slungs，意為“用盡量大的聲音，放聲大叫”。the123452.As

result，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案解析解析asaresult結(jié)果，是固定搭配。a123453.Onmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythree--month--oldtwin...Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle--fed，

otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案解析解析由上文中的關(guān)鍵詞twin，one可知這里考查one...theother...(一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)的用法。故答案為the。the123454.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

while，exercising，ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析讓你的身體和思想休息一會(huì)兒。固定表達(dá)forawhile一會(huì)兒。a123455.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven

mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析空格之后為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填定冠詞。the12345Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案解析解析

atfirst起初，首先，為固定短語(yǔ)。1232.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday，we’dgreethimatthedoor.(2016·浙江)答案解析解析

attheendof在……結(jié)束時(shí)，為固定搭配?！膖he1233.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015·浙江)解析inahurry匆匆忙忙，為固定短語(yǔ)?！腶123答案解析PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thereis

constantbeatinrapsongs.Thebeataccountsforthepopularityofrapmusicinclubs.2.Lastweekend，IwastravellinghomefromBangalore.Therewas

distinctlackofbuses，soIthoughtIwouldescapethecrowdandgoforrefreshment.Idecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstand.3.TheInternationalRedCross/RedCrescentexiststohelpthevictimsofconflictsanddisastersregardlessoftheirnationality.

symboloftheorganizationwasoriginallyjusttheredcross.查看答案aaThe4.Therearelotsofexperiencesinourlives.

mostunforgettableoneformeisthespeechcompetitionwhichwasheldlastyear.5.Wehaveopenedup

clothingshopcalled“GiftsofGrace”andadvertisedfreeclothingforanyonewhohastheneed.6.GuinnessWorldRecordseditorGraigGlendaysays，“Thisis___extraordinaryworld--recordattemptthatshowsbothspiritualdedicationandtruepassion.”7.Onedayinparticular，afinelydressedgentlemanstoodoutsidetherichman’sdoorandsaid，“You’vegivenme

secondchanceatlife.Withyourgenerousgift，Iwasabletoinvestthemoneyandpullmyselfoutofpoverty.”查看答案Theaana8.Youshouldalsobepreparedtomakechangesinthedietandgetaccustomedto

localfoodsandthelimitedselectionoffamiliarfoodsinthestoresandrestaurants.查看答案theⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Finally，therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandfishwascaught.2.Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadsameanswersinthetest.3.I’lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.4.Mymotherisverykindandisfriendlytoeverybody.SowhenIhavetheproblemIwillturntoherforhelp.5.IstillrememberwhenIwaschild，youalwaysheldmeinyourarmsandtoldmestoriestillIfellasleep.查看答案∧a∧the∧a∧aa6.InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.7.Itissuchwonderfulfilmthatweallenjoyit.8.Therefore，ItoldtheminterestingstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.Asaresult，nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.9.Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem，Ithink，weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.the/this/that查看答案∧a∧the∧a10.When，however，onMonday，January16，asciencefictionfilmaboutvisitorsfromouterspacewasshownontelevision，therewastheimmediateincreaseinreportsofs