船舶專業(yè)英語第七組第一次作業(yè)課件

MerchantShipConstruction1142813107包均船舶類型知識(shí)1.按照航區(qū)進(jìn)行分類遠(yuǎn)洋oceangoing近海coastingservice受限制的近海restrictedcoastingservice沿海非國(guó)際coastingserviceandhometradelimit內(nèi)河riverservice靜水smoothwaterservice受限制的靜水limitedsmoothwaterservice港內(nèi)使用portuse1142813107包均2.按照船體所使用材料鋼船steelship木船woodenship水泥船cement

ship玻璃鋼船F(xiàn).R.Pfiberglassreinforcedplastics鋁合金船aluminumalloyship3.按主機(jī)所在位置分類尾機(jī)型aftenginevessel中機(jī)型middleenginevessel中后尾機(jī)型middle-aftenginevessel1142813107包均4.按照用途分類雜貨船generalcargocarrier散貨船bulkcarrier油船oiltanker化學(xué)品船chemicaltanker液化氣船liquefiedgascarrier（LNGandLPGandLEG）liquefiednaturalgascarrier(LNGcarrier)液化天然氣船liquefiedpetroleumgascarrier(LPGcarrier)液化石油氣船liquefiedethylenecarrier(LEGcarrier)液化乙炔氣船1142813107包均TheShip-itsFunctions,FeaturesandTypes1142813219華盛勇商業(yè)的 merchant貨物 cargoes快速的 speedily經(jīng)濟(jì)的 economically表面 surface近乎 approximately工作人員 crew方面 aspects航行 transportation氣候變化 weatherandclimaticchanges結(jié)構(gòu)形式 thetypeofconstruction材料 material營(yíng)運(yùn)范圍 theareaofoperation雜貨船 thegeneralcargovessel液裝船 thetanker客輪 thepassengervessel作為運(yùn)輸 asageneralcarrier單元為基礎(chǔ) unit-based集裝箱船 containership托盤貨船 palletship滾裝船 “roll-on,roll-off”ship1142813219華盛勇特殊結(jié)構(gòu) specialisedforms進(jìn)化過的 refined液化氣 liquefiedgases固定航線客船 cruiseliner渡輪 ferries骨架 framing縱骨架式 longitudinalframing橫骨架式 transverseframing復(fù)合骨架式 combinedframing加強(qiáng)材（肋骨） stiffening外板 theoutershellpalting低碳鋼 mildsteel特種鋼 specialsteel鋁 aluminium型材 section板材 plating高強(qiáng)度鋼 hightensilesteel上層建筑 superstructure合金 alloys上面區(qū)域 upperregions海船 ocean-goingvessels液箱 tanks1142813219華盛勇燃油 oilfuelstorage穩(wěn)性 stability縱傾 trimarrangement抵抗 resist波 wave深海 heavysea內(nèi)河船 inlandwaterwayvessel最高的 paramount適航性 seaworthy漂浮 remainingafloat各種海況下 inthevariousseastatesencountered巨型油輪 verylargecrudecarriers運(yùn)輸 transport散貨船 bulkcarriage駁船 bargecarriers混裝貨船 combinationbulkcarriers外形特征 appearance布局 layout小變化的 minorvariationsexist1142813219華盛勇RefrigeratedgeneralcargoshipThefittingofrefrigerationplantsforthecoolingofcargoholdsenablesthecarriageofperishablefoodstuffsbysea.Refrigeratedshipsvarylittlefromgeneralcargoships.Theymayhavemorethanonetweendeck,andallholdspaceswillbeinsulatedtoreduceheattransfer.Cargomaybecarriedfrozenorchilleddependinguponitsnature.Refrigeratedshipsareusuallyfasterthangeneralcargoships,oftenhavingspeedsupto22knots,andtheymayalsocaterforupto12passengers.冷凍裝置安裝在貨船上能夠用于海上運(yùn)輸易腐敗的食品，冷凍船由一般的貨船稍加改造而來。他們可能有一個(gè)以上的甲板，所有空間都將是絕緣的以降低導(dǎo)熱。貨船用于運(yùn)輸冷藏或冷凍的貨物取決于它的性質(zhì)。冷藏船通常比一般雜貨船快，往往具有速度高達(dá)22節(jié)，他們也可以容納多達(dá)12名乘客。refrigerate:冷藏、冷凍enable:使...能夠insulated：絕緣的，隔熱的1142813117季杰(a)Forecastledeckplatingbreak(b)PoopdeckplatingbreakUpperdeck上甲板Shellplating外板Offsetbulbplate偏置球板Forecastledeck艏樓甲板Flangedbracket折邊肘板Poopdeck尾樓甲板1142813117季杰Bulkcarriers散貨船分類1.靈便型（handysize），指載重2～4萬噸的干散貨船。2.超靈便型（supersize或handymax），指載重4～5萬噸的干散貨船。3.巴拿馬型（panamax）,指載重7～9萬噸的干散貨船。

4.好望角型（也叫海岬型）（capesize）,10萬載重噸以上的可以統(tǒng)稱為好望角性干散貨船。1142813207安楠更細(xì)的分類靈便型散貨船大湖型散貨船巴拿馬型散貨船Kamsarmax型超巴拿馬型散貨船好望角型散貨船20萬噸以上超大型散貨船VLOC1142813207安楠single-deck單層甲板transportsingle-commoditycargoes運(yùn)輸散裝貨cargo-carrying貨艙區(qū)，ore礦砂Combinationcarriers混合用途/多用途散貨船lowdensitycargo低密度貨物ship'scentreofgravity船的重心wingtank舷側(cè)艙，centretank中間艙oiltight油密，particularequipment特定裝備handoil卸油1142813207安楠passengershipsAftpeaktank艉尖艙Machineryspaece機(jī)械區(qū)域Boilerroom鍋爐房Doublebottom雙底Stabilisres穩(wěn)定器Watertank水箱Forepeaktank前尖艙Accommodationandrecreationareas住宿娛樂區(qū)1142813409陳天宇Wordsandphrasespassengerliner客船modernequivalent等效cruiseliner游輪cargo貨物promenadeareas散步區(qū)Aesthetically美學(xué)well-raked好用的arefittedto安裝maneuverability可操作性，機(jī)動(dòng)性;可控性knots節(jié)時(shí)1142813409陳天宇Thetext

Thepassengerliner,oritsmodernequivalentthecruiseliner,existstoprovidemeansofluxurioustransportbetweeninterestingdestinations,inpleasantclimates,foritshumancargo.Thepassengertravelinginsuchshippaysfor,andexpects,superiorstandardofaccommodationandleisurefacilities.Largeamountsofsuperstructurearethereforeanessentialfeatureofpassengersbips.Severaltiersofdecksarefittedwithlargeopenlounges,ballrooms,swimmingpoolsandpromenadeareas.Aestheticallypleasinglinesareevidentwithusuallywell-rakedclipper-typebowsandunusualfunnelshapes.Stabilizersarefittedtoreducerollingandbowthrustdevicesareemployedforimprovedmaneuverability.Largepassengerlinersarerare,themoderate-sizedcruiselinerof12,000tonsdisplacementnowbeingthemoreprevalent.Passenger-carryingcapacityisaround600,withspeedsintheregionof22knots.

客船，或者與現(xiàn)代的巡航游輪相當(dāng)，存在的意義就是為旅客在到達(dá)目的地之前提供奢華的運(yùn)輸，有趣歡樂的旅行。旅客付費(fèi)登上游輪之后，可享受到游輪提供的，期待中高水準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)以及休閑放松的設(shè)施。數(shù)不勝數(shù)的頂級(jí)奢華成為游輪最顯著的特征。在一些甲板層中，有大量的娛樂室，舞廳，游泳池和散步區(qū)。帶有帆船風(fēng)格和用恰好處的明顯線條裝飾的船首，不同尋常的煙囪，都給您帶來美學(xué)上的愉悅。良好的穩(wěn)定設(shè)備可大大減小船體搖擺，船首破浪裝置增加了良好的操控性。巡航游輪非尋常之物，其中等巡航排水量為12000噸，是現(xiàn)在最流行的。最大載客人數(shù)大約為600人，區(qū)域航速22節(jié)時(shí)。1142813409陳天宇LiquefiedgastankersLiquefiedgastankers液化天然氣船separate分開methane甲烷paraffin石蠟cylindrical圓柱形spherical球形membrane膜leakage泄漏refrigerated冷藏displacement移位1142801232周褀KeywordsPhrasesatlowtemperature在低溫條件下besupportedby受支持aslowas低至beseparatedfrom從...分離beextractedfrom從...提取besurroundedby被包圍1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Aseparateinnertankisusuallyemployedtocontaintheliquidandthistankissupportedbytheouterhullwhichhasadoublebottom.一個(gè)單獨(dú)的內(nèi)槽，通常采用向含有液體和該罐支承在外側(cè)船體具有雙層底。Thetanksusedmaybeprismatic,cylindricalorsphericalinshapeandself-supportingorofmembraneconstruction.所使用的可能是棱柱形，圓柱形或球形膜結(jié)構(gòu)的形狀和自我支持。1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Separatecontainmenttankswithinthehullareusedandaresurroundedbyinsulationwherelowtemperatureareemployed.船體內(nèi)分開容罐的使用和由絕緣其中低溫受雇于包圍.Displacementsizesforgascarriersrangeupyo60000tonnes,withspeedsof12-16knots.LiquefiedgascarriersaredealtwithinmoredetailinChapter8位移的大小為氣體運(yùn)輸范圍可達(dá)喲60000噸，與12-16knots.液化氣體運(yùn)輸船在第8章中處理更詳細(xì)地速度1142801232周褀TankersThekeywordsSpecially專門的Split分割分開Bulkheads艙壁Discharge卸船pump泵pumpproom泵艙contaminated被污染的ashore上岸accommodation居住艙enormous巨大的1142813237楊文迪Thephrasetranslationbulkliquidcargoes散裝液體貨物liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油氣liquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣suctionarrangement抽吸裝置sloptank污水箱machineryspace機(jī)艙1142813237楊文迪ThesentencetranslationTheoiltankerhasthecargo-carryingsectionofthevesselsplitupintoindividualtanksbylonggitudinalandtransversebulkheads.翻譯：油輪已經(jīng)有的船舶的載貨區(qū)分成單獨(dú)的縱、橫艙壁。Theaccommodationandmachineryspacesarelocatedaftinmoderntankers.翻譯：住宿和機(jī)械空間位于后現(xiàn)代的油輪。1142813237楊文迪Containerships歷史：ThefirstcontainershipwasUSAin1957withacargoshipconverted.Itsefficiencyis10timesbiggerthantheconventionalgeneralcargoship,porttimeisshortenedgreatly,andreducetheamountofcargoloadingandunloadingofcargo.Sincethen,thecontainershiphasobtainedtherapiddevelopment,tothe70'smatureThecontainervesselisacompletelynewship.Ithasnointernaldeck,cabininthestern,theshipisactuallyahugewarehouse,upto300meterslong,withaverticalslidewayisdividedintosmallcabinwhenthecontainership,thecontainerdeviceplaysarole,theshipencounteredbadweatheronthesea,theycanbefirmlyfixedcontainer.Becausethecontainersaremadeofmetal,andissealed,thegoodsinsidewillnotbeaffectedbyerosionofrainwateror.Containershipsdockedforgeneralcargoterminal,largecranehandlingspecializedterminals,itsefficiencycanreach1000perhour--2400tons,thanthegeneralcargoship--high30to79times.Therefore,forthemodernshippingindustrywidelyadoptedby.來點(diǎn)我啊1142813228浦曉東發(fā)展：Moderncontainershipistowardlarge-scale,high-speed,multidirection.China'scontainershipdevelopmentdespitealatestart,thedevelopmentspeedisveryfast.Ourcountryhasbuiltalotofcontainership,vigorousdevelopmentofcontainertransport,lightistheportofShanghaihasopened29internationalcontainerlinerroutes,Shanghaiportcontainerthroughputofmorethanonemillionmonthstandardbox.Shanghaiportisoneoftheworld'slargestportcontainerthroughput.ContainerhandlingmachineryChinaproductioninShanghaihasreachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel,arewidelyusedinmajorportsintheworld.Inrecentyears,Chinahasexportedcontainership,theoceanaroundtheworldcanseeChina'sconstructionofcontainershipfigure.Inshort,Chinainthemanufacturingandexportcontainer,containerhandlingmachinery,containerships,builttolargetonnagecontainerdockofcontainershipping,constructionandtheestablishmentofinternationalcontainerhubport,markingthecontainertransportsysteminourcountryhasenteredadvancedranksintheworld.點(diǎn)點(diǎn)我1142813228浦曉東關(guān)鍵詞：Nameimplies顧名思義containers集裝箱re-useble重復(fù)利用section截面liquid-carrying液體物貨cargo-carrying裝貨部分hatchopenings大開口fullwidth全長(zhǎng)stack堆放cargohandling貨物裝卸consistsof由……組成vertical垂直movement移動(dòng)lowdensity低密度compensates補(bǔ)償thelossofunderdeckcapacity下層甲板的倉容損失transversestrength橫向強(qiáng)度outboard外側(cè)arrangement裝置wingtanks舷側(cè)船arranged……to設(shè)置成heelingof橫傾att尾部maximumlength最大的船長(zhǎng)size尺寸varyconsiderably變化大的powered經(jīng)濟(jì)triple-screwpropulsionarrangement三個(gè)推進(jìn)裝置1142813228浦曉東第一艘集裝箱船是美國(guó)于1957年用一艘貨船改裝而成的。它的裝卸效率比常規(guī)雜貨船大10倍，停港時(shí)間大為縮短，并減少了運(yùn)貨裝卸中的貨損量。從此，集裝箱船得到迅速發(fā)展，到70年代已成熟定型集裝箱輪完全是一種新型的船。它沒有內(nèi)部甲板，機(jī)艙設(shè)在船尾，船體其實(shí)就是一座龐大的倉庫，可達(dá)300米長(zhǎng)，再用垂直導(dǎo)軌分為小艙當(dāng)集裝箱下艙時(shí)，這些集裝箱裝置起著定位作用，船在海上遇到惡劣天氣時(shí)，它們又可以牢牢地固定住集裝箱。因?yàn)榧b箱都是金屬制成，而且是密封的，里面的貨物不會(huì)受雨水或的侵蝕。集裝箱船一般?？繉Ｓ玫呢涍\(yùn)碼頭，用碼頭上專門的大型吊車裝卸，其效率可達(dá)每小時(shí)1000——2400噸，比普通雜貨船高30——到79倍。因此為現(xiàn)代船運(yùn)業(yè)所普遍采用。1142813228浦曉東發(fā)展：現(xiàn)代集裝箱船正向著大型化、高速化，多用途方向發(fā)展。我國(guó)集裝箱船研制雖然起步較晚，發(fā)展速度卻很快。我國(guó)建造了許多集裝箱船，大力發(fā)展集裝箱運(yùn)輸，光是上海港就開辟了29條國(guó)際集裝箱班輪航線，上海港集裝箱月吞吐量超過一百萬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱。上海港已經(jīng)是世界上集裝箱吞吐量最大的港口之一。中國(guó)上海生產(chǎn)的集裝箱裝卸機(jī)械也已經(jīng)達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，在世界各大港口被廣泛采用。近幾年來，我國(guó)還出口集裝箱船，在世界各地海洋上可以見到我國(guó)建造集裝箱船的身影?？傊?，我國(guó)在包括集裝箱、集裝箱裝卸機(jī)械、集裝箱船舶的制造和出口，到大噸位集裝箱碼頭的建造，集裝箱遠(yuǎn)洋船隊(duì)的建立以及國(guó)際集裝箱樞紐港的建設(shè)，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)的集裝箱運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入世界先進(jìn)行列。1142813228浦曉東ShipStressesandShipbuildingMaterials1142813107包均

ShipMovement1142813107包均1142813107包均拍擊局部載荷上層建筑和不連續(xù)性震動(dòng)1142813107包均局部應(yīng)力1142813107包均后處理拉伸強(qiáng)度延展性硬度韌性正火退火淬火回火B(yǎng)asicshipbuildingmaterial---Steel1142813107包均LongitudinalstressesStaticloadingforce力buoyancy浮力vertical垂向的hydrostaticpressure靜水壓力float浮動(dòng)content內(nèi)容，滿足，容量draught通風(fēng);氣流;（船的）吃水深度;一飲exceedvt. 超過;超越;（在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量等方面）勝過;越過…的界限vi.突出，領(lǐng)先inline成一直線1142813127王鴻杰LongitudinalStresses

Buoyancy浮力Weight重量Load載荷Shearforce剪力Bendingmoment

彎矩1142813127王鴻杰wherethebuoyancyamidshipsexceedstheweight,theshipissaidto“hog”

Hoggingcondition

中拱

wheretheweightamidshipsexceedsthebuoyancy,theshipissaidto“sag”Saggingcondition中垂1142813127王鴻杰Dynamicloadingwaven. 波浪，波動(dòng);揮手;涌現(xiàn)的人（或事物）;洶涌的行動(dòng)（或思想）態(tài)勢(shì)vi. 搖擺，起伏c(diǎn)onvert轉(zhuǎn)度troughs波谷trochiod擺線dynamic動(dòng)態(tài)的;動(dòng)力的，動(dòng)力學(xué)的;充滿活力的，精力充沛的;crest波峰protile外形amidships在船中部1142813127王鴻杰LongitudinalStresses

StaticLoadingCrest波峰Trough波谷1142813127王鴻杰Stressingofthestructurestressingofthestructure結(jié)構(gòu)壓力stressing壓力structure結(jié)構(gòu)tensilestress拉應(yīng)力neutralaxis中心軸section剖面sideframe舷側(cè)肋骨bracket肘板adjacent相鄰的tanktopflooring內(nèi)底板marginplants內(nèi)底邊板static靜態(tài)的deflection撓度accelerate