動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞—ing形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞—ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首;作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。1表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。（有時(shí)可在動(dòng)詞—ing前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞，如when,while等）Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。（=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations。.。)Hearingthenews,theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Havingfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.（=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework/Afterhehadfinishedhishomework，Henrywenthome.)2表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Beingill，hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天沒(méi)有上學(xué)。（=Sincehewasill。..）Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.（=Ashewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.）Notknowinghisphonenumber，wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim。（=Becausewedidn'tknowhisphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim。)3表示結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。Hisfatherdied，leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父親死了，留給他許多錢(qián).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingisthemostpopularsportintheworld。(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries；asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.)4表示條件,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Workinghardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons。如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。Usingyourhead,you'llfindagoodway。(=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindagoodway.)Drivingtoofast,you’lldamagethecar。(=Ifyoudrivetoofast,you’lldamagethecar）5表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Althoughtoilingalltheyearround（=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround），

thepoorpeasantcouldn’taffordtosendhischildrentoschool.這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無(wú)力送孩子上學(xué)。Weighingalmostonehundredjin（=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin),

theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand。6表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Helayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.=。。.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。Thesixblindmenstoodalldaylongbytheroadside,

beggingformoney(=theywerebeggingformoney).這六個(gè)盲人整天站在路邊乞討。Hewentout，

slammingthe

door(=heslammedthe

door)。他走出去,砰地一聲把門(mén)帶上。特別提醒1［從屬連詞+動(dòng)詞—ing形式］作狀語(yǔ)為了使動(dòng)詞—ing形式作狀語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、條件、讓步等意思更加明確,可在動(dòng)詞—ing形式前加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(when，while,if,though，unless，evenif等）。例如：1.Don’ttalkwhilehavingdinner.吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話(huà)。2。Oncelosingthischance,youcan’teasilyfindit.一旦失去這次機(jī)會(huì)你就很難找回。2要避免無(wú)依著(無(wú)邏輯主語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞—ing形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，如果狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致,可給從句加上主語(yǔ)，變成主從復(fù)合句。例如:【錯(cuò)誤】Whilereadingthebook,thetelephonerang?！菊_】Whileshewasreadingthebook,thetelephonerang。她看書(shū)的時(shí)候，電話(huà)鈴響了.（reading的動(dòng)作不是thetelephone發(fā)出)【錯(cuò)誤】Lookingoutthroughthewindow，thegardenwasbeautiful.【正確】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wefoundabeautifulgarden.從窗戶(hù)里，我們看見(jiàn)一個(gè)漂亮的花園.（looking的動(dòng)作不是garden發(fā)出)3獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式，如generallyspeaking，judgingfrom…，considering…，talkingof…，supposing…等,它們作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種形式已經(jīng)成為固定的