2023年浙江農(nóng)林大學博士入學考試英語

博士學位碩士入學考試試題考試科目:英語滿分：100分考試時間：180分鐘注意：所有試題答案寫在答題紙上，答案寫在試卷上無效。注意：所有試題答案寫在答題紙上，答案寫在試卷上無效。PartIVocabularyandStructure(15points,0.5pointeach)Directions:ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thepatienthasbeen____________ofthesafetyoftheoperation. A.guaranteed B.assured C.entrusted D.confirmed2.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which_________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature. A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies3. Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovideasecure____________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substitute B.selection C.preference D.alternative4. Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher___________attitudetowardcustomers.A.impartial B.mild C.hostile D.opposing5.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th___________thebirthofJesusChrist.A.inaccordancewith B.intermsofB.infavorof D.inhonorof6. Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_________businessmanwasreallyacriminal. A.respective B.respectable C.respectful D.receptacle7.Insomepartsoftheworldtheindigenouspopulationhasbeencompletely_______. A.wipedup B.wipedout C.wipedaway D.wipedoff8.___________theinventionofthesteamengine,mostformsoftransportwerehorse-drawn. A.Akinto B.Priorto C.Inadditionto D.Withreferenceto9.Becausehisworkplacewassobusyandnoisy,helongedmostofallfor__________. A.loneliness B.association C.solitude D.irrelevancy10. BecauseMarkneededtopasstheexam,hemadestudyinga_____________overwatchinghisfavoritetelevisionshow. A.priority B.conformity C.perplexity D.concept11. Therecordofthepastisalwaysincomplete,andthehistorianswhowriteaboutit__________reflectthepreoccupationsoftheirowntime. A.boundto B.inevitably C.indispensably D.justifiably12.Manisa________animal,andmuchmoresoinhismindthaninhisbody:hemayliketogoaloneforawalk,buthehatestostandaloneinhis__________. A.conceited...vanity B.solitary...thoughts C.gregarious...opinions D.special...uniqueness13.HesayshewouldwriteanEnglishcoursebookifhecouldfinda(n)________todealwiththelessinterestingparts. A.accomplice B.collaborator C.spouse D.kin14.Internationaltravelersmayhavedifficultiesunderstandingtheadjustmentproblemsthat_________them. A.amaze B.beset C.humiliate D.resurrect15.ThedistinctivequalitiesofAfricanmusicwerenotappreciatedoreven_________. A.deplored B.perceived C.revered D.ignored16.Thespokespersonknewhehadmadea___________errorwhenheprematurelyannouncedthatallofthevictimshadsurvivedtheaccident. A.glaring B.grievous C.dazed D.furtive17.His_________forwantingtostayonasmanageristoseeEnglandasthetopteamintheworld.A.measurement B.motivationC.requirement D.presentation18.Manyofthevillagersrelyonfishingastheir__________sourceofincome.A.primary B.radicalC.external D.noticeable19.Shecouldn’timagineherselfinanyformof___________withheremployer,muchasshelikedhim.A.prejudice B.FantasyC.intimacy D.conflict20.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally_________toimprovementsindiet.A.accounted B.referredC.credited D.attributed21.Doyoubelievethathehadkilledamanwithhis__________hands?A.bare B.nakedC.hollow D.sheer22.It___________measstrangethatthemandidn’tintroducehimselfbeforehespoke.A.occurred B.dawnedC.impressed D.struck23.Hedefinitelymeanttoberude—itwasquite_________.A.spontaneous B.deliberateC.conscious D.expressive24.Thelawyertoldthejudgethathis__________didnothaveacriminalrecord.A.client B.customerC.employer D.administrator25.Attitudeslearnedathome__________ontotheplayground.A.carryout B.carryonC.carryforward D.carryover26.I’mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit__________.A.shrinks B.confinesC.diminishes D.outweighs27.Afteryou’vesignedthecontract,itwillbeimpossibleto_________.A.backout B.backupC.breakoff D.breakdown28.Koreannewspapersonlyhavefourpages,sostorieshavetobeverymuch___________.A.tothecore B.totheeffectC.tothepoint D.tobeexact29.She’sboughtanexercisebiketokeep_________.A.ineffect B.inshapeC.insession D.inhealth30.Thejudge_________mostofthepoliceevidence,sayingitwasclearlyfabricated.A.disposed B.declinedC.dismissed D.discardedPartIIReadingComprehension(40points,2pointseach)Directions:Therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.TextATextBIfJohnnycan’twrite,oneofthereasonsmaybeaconditioningbasedonspeedratherthanrespectforthecreativeprocess.Speedisneitheravalidtestofnoraproperpreparationforcompetenceinwriting.Itmakesformurkiness,glibness,disorganization.Ittakesthebeautyoutofthelanguage.Itrulesoutrespectforthereflectivethoughtthatshouldprecedeexpression.Itrunscountertotheword-by-wordandline-by-linereworkingthatenablesapiecetobefinelyknit.Thisisnottominimizethevalueofgenuinefacility.Withyearsofpractice,amanmaybeabletoputdownwordsswiftlyandexpertly.Butitisthesamekindofswiftnessthatenablesacellist,afterhavinginvestedyearsofefforts,tonegotiateanintricatepassagefromHaydn.Speedwritingisforstenographersandcourtreporters,notforanyonewhowantstouselanguagewithprecisionanddistinction.ThomasMannwasnotashamedtoadmitthathewouldoftentakeafulldaytowrite500words,andanotherdaytoeditthem,outofrespectforthemostdifficultartintheworld.Flaubertwouldponderaparagraphforhours.Diditsaywhathewantedittosay—notapproximatelybutexactly?Didthewordsturnintooneanotherwithproperrhythmandgrace?Weretheyartisticallyandsecurelyfittedtogether?Weretheybrisklyalive,orweretheyfulloffuzzandraggededges?Weretheylikelytomakethingshappeninsidethemindofthereader,ignitingtheimaginationandtouchingoffallsortsofnewanticipations?Thesequestionsarerelevantnotonlyfortheestablishednovelistbutforanyonewhoattachesvaluetowordsasamediumofexpressionandcommunication.E.B.White,whoserespectfortheenvironmentofgoodwritingisexceededbynoword-artistofourtime,wouldratherhavehisfingerscutoffthantobeguiltyofhandlingwordslightly.NosculptorchippingawayatagraniteblockinordertoproduceadelicatecurveorfeaturehaslaboredmorepainstakinglythanWhiteinfashioningashortparagraph.Obviously,wecan’texpectourschoolstomakeeveryJohnnyintoaWhiteoraFlaubertoraMann,butitisnotunreasonabletoexpectmoreofthemtoprovidetheconditionsthatpromoteclear,careful,competentexpression.Certainlythecumulativeeffortoftheschoolexperienceshouldnothavetobeundoneinlateryears.35.Accordingtothepassage,competenceinwritingis________.A.anartthattakespracticeB.askillthatrequiresdexterityC.atechniquethatiseasytolearnD.aresultofthespontaneousflowofwords36.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.presentanoriginalideaB.describeanewprocessC.argueagainstanestablishedpracticeD.commentonaskillanditstechniques37.Ourschools,accordingtothepassage,________.A.areprovidingproperconditionsforgoodwritingB.shouldnotstresswritingspeedonatestC.shouldgiveessaytestsratherthanmultiple-choicetestsD.teachgoodwritingprimarilythroughreading38.IndescribingWhiteasa“word-artist,”theauthormeansthatWhite_________.A.illustratedhisstoriesB.wascolorfulinhisdescriptionsC.wasagreatwriterD.hadartisticbackground39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorvaluesgoodliteratureprimarilyforitsabilityto________.A.relievetheboredomofeverydaylifeB.communicateideasandexperiencesC.accuratelydescribeeventsastheyoccurD.provideindividualswithskillsforsuccessTextCTheAmericanuniversityisadirectdescendantfromtheancientuniversitiesinEurope.Thesearetheoldestinstitutions,asidefromthechurchitself,inWesterncivilization.Theyhavesurvivedmanyperiodsoftrouble,ofrevolution,andofpersecution.Butthetraditionoflearningandofscholarlyinquiryhaslivedon.Yetthereareshortsightedpeopletodaywhoaresayingthatthemodernuniversityhasoutliveditsusefulness;thatitmustbeoverthrownandreplacedbysomethingelsewhosenatureisunspecified.Remember,however,thattherehavebeenmanyoccasionsduringthelast700yearswhenpeoplesaidthatuniversitieswereirrelevantorthatitwaswrongforthemtopursuelong-termgoalsinthefaceofimmediateandpressingproblems.Fortunately,therehavebeenstoutheartedsoulswhoinsistedthatthesearchforknowledgewouldneverbeoutdatedbycurrenteventsandwecanallbeeternallythankfulthattheforcesofignoranceweresooftendefeated.Theymustbedefeatedagain.Knowledgeandthesearchforknowledgehavepersistedthroughthecenturiestotheenormousbenefitofhumanbeings.Theworldmaybetroubledanddistressedtodaybutthinkhowmuchbetteroffthepeopleinthiscountryarenowthantheywere50yearsagoor100yearsagoandhowmuchbetterofftheyarethanthemillionsofpeopleincountrieswhichhavenotbenefitedfromtheprogressofknowledge.WeintheWesternworldhaveencouragedscientificdiscoveryanditsapplicationintensivelyfor200yearstoourvastmaterialbenefit.Todayweareataturningpoint.Wecannowuseourstoresofwealthandofknowledgeastoolstosolvethenewproblemswhichnowbesetourmodernsociety.Whatarethoseofuswhohavechosencareersinscienceandengineeringabletodoaboutmeetingourcurrentproblems?First,wecanhelpdestroythefalseimpressionthatscienceandengineeringhavecausedthecurrentworldtroubles.Quitethecontrary,scienceandengineeringhavemadevastcontributionstobetterlivingformorepeople.Second,wecanidentifythemanyareasinwhichscienceandtechnology,moreconsiderablyused,canbeofgreaterserviceinthefuturethaninthepasttoimprovethequalityoflife.Whilewecanmakemanyspeeches,andpassmanylaws,thequalityofourenvironmentwillbeimprovedonlythroughbetterknowledgeandbetterapplicationofthatknowledge.Third,wecanrecognizethatmuchofthedissatisfactionwhichwesuffertodayresultsfromourverysuccessesofformeryears.Wehavebeensoeminentlysuccessfulinattainingmaterialgoalsthatwearedeeplydissatisfiedthatwecannotattainothergoalsmorerapidly.Wehaveachievedabetterlifeformostpeoplebutweareunhappythatwehavenotspreadittoallpeople.Wehaveilluminatedmanysourcesofenvironmentaldeteriorationbutweareunhappythatwehavenotconqueredallofthem.Itisourrisingexpectationsratherthanourfailureswhichnowcauseourdistress.Grantedthatmanyofourcurrentproblemsmustbecuredmorebysocial,political,andeconomicinstrumentsthanbyscienceandtechnology,yetscienceandtechnologymuststillbethetoolstomakefurtheradvancesinsuchthingsascleanair,cleanwater,bettertransportation,betterhousing,bettermedicalcare,moreadequatewelfareprograms,purerfoods,conservationofresources,andmanyotherareas.Thediscoveryanduseofknowledgehavealwaysbeenrelevanttoahumanefuture.Theyareequallyrelevanttoday.40. Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwiththe_________.A.answerstocurrentproblemsB.defenseofthesearchforscientificknowledgeC.problemsofournation’suniversitiesD.moralobligationsoftechnology41.Accordingtotheauthor,abeliefexiststhatmuchofournationaldissatisfactionisduetothe______.A.emphasisofscienceonmaterialgoalsB.irrelevancyofmanyofourmodernuniversitiesC.D.improperuseofpastdiscoveriesinscienceandtechnology42. Itisthefeelingoftheauthorthattheplaceofscienceinsolvingtheproblemofpollutionwillbe________.A.onthesamelevelassocialandpoliticalinfluencesB.theonlythingneededtosolvetheproblemsuccessfullyC.thefrontrunnerindevelopingnewmethodsofapproachingtheproblemD.overshadowedbyotherareasofknowledge43.Itissuggestedthatsciencehasbeenmostsuccessfulin_________.A.developingmaterialbenefitsB.solvingproblemsofworldwideconcernC.preparingAmericaforahumanefutureD.controllingtechnologyasameansofpreventingseriousproblems44.ItisstatedthatsciencecontributedtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.abetterlifeB.peaceC.healthD.abetterenvironmentTextDSupposeyougointoafruiterer’sshop,wantinganapple—youtakeupone,and,onbitingit,youfinditissour;youlookatit,andseethatitishardandgreen.Youtakeupanotherone,andthattooishard,green,andsour.Theshopmanoffersyouathird;but,beforebitingit,youexamineit,andfindthatitishardandgreen,andyouimmediatelysaythatyouwillnothaveit,asitmustbesour,likethosethatyouhavealreadytried.Nothingcanbemoresimplethanthat,youthink;butifyouwilltakethetroubletoanalyseandtraceoutintoitslogicalelementswhathasbeendonebythemind,youwillbegreatlysurprised.Inthefirstplaceyouhaveperformedtheoperationofinduction.Youfoundthat,intwoexperiences,hardnessandgreennessinappleswenttogetherwithsourness.Itwassointhefirstcase,anditwasconfirmedbythesecond.True,itisaverysmallbasis,butstillitisenoughtomakeaninductionfrom;yougeneralizethefacts,andyouexpecttofindsournessinappleswhereyougethardnessandgreenness.Youfounduponthatagenerallaw,thatallhardandgreenapplesaresour;andthat,asfarasitgoes,isaperfectinduction.Well,havinggotyournaturallawinthisway,whenyouareofferedanotherapplewhichyoufindishardandgreen,yousay,“Allhardandgreenapplesaresour;thisappleishardandgreen,thereforethisappleissour.”Thattrainofreasoningiswhatlogicianscallasyllogism,andhasallitsvariouspartsandterms—itsmajorpremiss,itsminorpremiss,anditsconclusion.And,bythehelpoffurtherreasoning,which,ifdrawnout,wouldhavetobeexhibitedintwoorthreeothersyllogisms,youarriveatyourfinaldetermination,“Iwillnothavethatapple.”Sothat,yousee,youhave,inthefirstplace,establishedalawbyinduction,anduponthatyouhavefoundedadeduction,andreasonedoutthespecialparticularcase.Wellnow,supposing,havinggotyourconclusionofthelaw,thatatsometimeafterwards,youarediscussingthequalitiesofappleswithafriend;youwillsaytohim,“Itisaverycuriousthing,butIfindthatallhardandgreenapplesaresour!”Yourfriendsaystoyou,“Buthowdoyouknowthat?”Youatoncereply,“Oh,becauseIhavetriedthemoverandoveragain,andhavealwaysfoundtobeso.”Well,ifweweretalkingaboutscienceinsteadofcommonsense,weshouldcallthatanexperimentalverification.And,ifstillopposed,yougofurtherandsay,“IhaveheardfromthepeopleinSomersetshireandDevonshire,wherealargenumberofapplesaregrown,thattheyhaveobservedthesamething.ItisalsofoundtobethecaseinNormandy,andinNorthAmerica.Inshort,Ifindittobetheuniversalexperienceofmankindwhereverattentionhasbeendirectedtothesubject.”Whereupon,yourfriend,unlessheisaveryunreasonableman,agreeswithyou,andisconvincedthatyouarequiterightintheconclusionyouhavedrawn.Hebelieves,althoughperhapshedoesnotknowhebelievesit,thatthemoreextensiveverificationshavebeenmade,andresultsofthesamekindarrivedat—thatthemorevariedtheconditionsunderwhichthesameresultsareattained,themorecertainistheultimateconclusion,andhedisputesthequestionnofurther.Heseesthattheexperimenthasbeentriedunderallsortsofconditions,astotime,place,andpeople,withthesameresult;andhesayswithyou,therefore,thatthelawyouhavelaiddownmustbeagoodone,andhemustbelieveit.45.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph2,“verification,”ismostlikelytomean________.A.provingB.specificationC.adjustmentD.justification46.Theauthorindicatesthatstatementscanbebelievedif__________.A.theyconcernnaturaleventsB.thestatementsareverifiedbymanypeopleC.theyarewritteninascholarlyorscientificjournalD.thepremisesuponwhichtheyarebuiltisamajorone47.“Allmenaremortal;Socrateswasaman;Socrateswasmortal.”Theforegoingrepresentsreasoningthatis________.A.verifiableB.inductiveC.syllogisticD.experimental48.Applesareused_________.A.inordertoconvincethereaderthatfruithasnointellectB.asananalogyC.forsarcasmD.tocomparevarioustypesofpersons49.Accordingtotheauthor_________.A.NormandyandNorthAmericahavemanysimilaritiesB.universalexperiencesarecommonoccurrencesC.asyllogismalwayshasthreepartsD.themainpremisesismoreprofoundthantheminorpremises50. Theauthorhastheapproachof_________. A.ascientist B.anartist C.anovelist D.abusinessmanPartIIICloze(10points,0.5pointeach)Directions:Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,51aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories,52istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto53anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:54anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide55tothefuture,theindividualmentionstheirpastasaremindertolisteners,thatherewasalife56living.57,thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife58,inwhichtheoldperson59theeventsandexperiencesoftheyearsgonebyand60ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife.Asthelifecycle61toitsclose,theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.62thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta63subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas64.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare65tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit66thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo67onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto68theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains69ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyofthenaturalprocesses70isso.51.A.betterthanB.ratherthanC.lessthanD.otherthan52.A.soB.evenC.norD.hardly53.A.preserveB.conserveC.resumeD.assume54.A.performing B.