非常好-潛艇系統(tǒng)詳解

潛艇系統(tǒng)詳解艇體系統(tǒng)姿態(tài)控制系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性控制系統(tǒng)指揮塔結構浮力控制系統(tǒng)空氣循環(huán)系統(tǒng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)推進系統(tǒng)艙底系統(tǒng)通風系統(tǒng)緊急情況呼吸系統(tǒng)…….HMSTRAFALGAR(SSN)ASubmarineisonlyevercalleda:BOATNavalTerminology

DesignedtoConfuseSS: SubmarineSSN: Submarine(NuclearPropelled) SSBN: Submarine(NuclearPropelledwith BallisticMissiles)FF: FrigateDD: DestroyerDDG: DestroyerwithGuidedMissilesCV: CarrierCVF: CarrierwithfixedwingaircraftClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

2ndGenerationHMSSwiftsure (SBoats) HMSSceptre HMSSpartan HMSSplendid HMSSovereignHMSSuperbClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

3rdGenerationHMSTrafalgar(Tboats)

HMSTurbulent HMSTirelessHMSTorbay HMSTrenchant HMSTalent HMSTriumph

Astute(ABoats) TomahawkLandAttackMissileFiredfromHMSSplendid

MissileinFlightOneLessCommandBunkerHMSVANGUARD(SSBN)ClassesofSSBN(Bomber)HMSVanguard(Trident) HMSVictorious HMSVengeanceHMSVigilantWhatHappensUnderwaterTheTridentMissileTheDeterrentTHESUBMARINEMUSTBEABLETO:MaintainwatertightintegrityWithstandpressureatdepthRemainmanoeuvrableProvideastableplatformtocarryandfireweaponsProvideahabitableenvironmentforthecrewandtohousemachineryRemainundetected-VeryquietWorkindependentlyofairSEAPRESSUREINCREASESASTHESUBMARINEGOESDEEPER.InPSI,pressureisapproximatelyequalto?thedepthinFEET.

At100ftseapressureis:

50PSIInBAR,pressureisapproximatelyequalto1/10ofthedepthinMETRES.

At30mseapressureis:

3BAR Atasubmarine’sMaximumOperatingDepthasubmarineishavingtowithstandpressuresof650psior35BarTheProblem::BASICSUBMARINECONSRUCTIONTHESTRENGTHOFTHEHULLISINCREASEDBYADDING:TFramesBulkheadsDecks

HULLINSERTS

Numerousholesarecutintothepressurehullforaccessandservices,allofwhichweakenthepressurehull.

Inordertorestoreittoitsoriginalstrength,heavierplatingisweldedaroundeachopening,theseplatesareknownas:ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLEBUOYANCYPOSITIVENEGATIVENEUTRALBUOYANCYBUOYANCYMAINBALLASTTANKENVIRONMENTALFACTORSAFFECTINGBUOYANCY

SeawaterdensitySalinity Temperature

CompressibilityDown&OutUp&InSUBMARINESTABILITYTheCentreofGravityisthepointthroughwhichtheentireweightofthesubmarinemaybesaidtoact.Allheavymachineryandweightsareplacedatthebottomofthesubmarinetokeepthecentreofgravityaslowaspossible,thisimprovesstability.THECENTREOFBUOYANCY:

IsthepointthroughwhichtheentireupthrustonthesubmarinemaybesaidtoactSTABILITYStabilityisthesubmarine’sresistancetoheelingforcesSTABILITYOPERATINGZONESNORMALOPERATINGZONEMAXIMUMEXCURSIONDEPTH (20%BELOWDDD)CRUSHZONECONTROLSURFACESControlthesubmarine’sCourseandDepthFOREPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeafterplanestocontrolpitchanddepthAFTERPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeforeplanestocontrolpitchanddepthRUDDERControlstheHeadingoftheSubmarineHUNTERKILLER

COMPARTMENTLAYOUTFWDESCAPE

CONTROLROOM/ACCOMODATIONMANOUVERINGROOMENGINEROOM/MMSWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDESCAPECONNINGTOWERMAINACCESSHATCHAFTERESCAPEHATCHENGINEROOMHATCHREACTORCOMPARTMENTBALLISTICMISSILESUBMARINECOMPARTMENTLAYOUTMISSILECOMPARTMENTREACTORCOMPARTMENTWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDLET/MAINACCESSHATCHCONNINGTOWERHATCHAFTLETENGINEROOMHATCHACCOMODATION/FOREENDSMACHINERYSPACEMIDLETFINIntegralwiththecasingistheFIN.Ithas3distinctfunctions:Supportsandhousesthemastsandperiscopes.Providesanelevatedplatformforconningandnavigation.Strengthenedforicebreakingandstreamlinedbyshutters.MASTS&PERISCOPESSUBMARINESYSTEMSWatersystemsAirsystemsHydraulicsystemsEnvironmentalsystemsSanitarysystemsInordertooperateefficientlyandindependently,thesubmarineneeds:BALLASTSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBallastSystemistoadjustthebodilyweightofthesubmarine.BALLASTSYSTEMTRIMSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionofthetrimsystemistoadjustthehorizontalplaneofthesubmarine.TRIMSYSTEMBILGESYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBilgeSystemistocollectandstoredirtywater&otherfluidspriortosubsequentdischargeoverboard.BILGESYSTEMDOMESTICFRESHWATERThefunctionofthedomesticfreshwatersystemistoprovidehotandcoldfreshwaterfordrinking,domesticandotherpurposes.HIGHPRESSUREAIR

Tosupplycleandryair@276barto:A) MainBallastTankblows.B) ChargingEmergencyBottleGroups.C) AuxiliaryVent&Blow.D) AfterPlanesinairemergency.E) ReactorAirservices.HPAIRSYSTEMSHPAHAZARDSHearingcanbeimpairedDamagetohealthHPBLOWSYSTEMToblowthemainballasttankswith276barairtoachievepositivebuoyancyHPBLOWSYSTEMNUCLEARSTEAMRAISINGPLANT

Thepressurisedwaterreactorgeneratesheattoboilwater,producingsteamtodrivethemainturbinesforpropulsionandtheturbogeneratorsforelectricalgeneration.ThePWRisthesubmarinesmainsourceofpower:itusesnuclearfissiontogeneratetheheatthatisusedtoproducesteam.REACTOR,SHOWINGSTEAMGENERATORLAYOUTOFAREACTORCOMPARTMENTThecontrolrodsareraisedandloweredtomaintainthereactortemperatureinsideapredeterminedbandAreactorSCRAMisthedroppinginofthecontrolrodsbythereactorprotectionsystemtoshutdownthereactorandpreservepersonnelandsubmarinesafety.ABSOLUTESAFETYESSENTIALSCOOLINGWATERforDecayHeatRemovalELECTRICSforReactorInstrumentation/MonitoringCoolingWaterMustkeepwaterintheprimarycircuitVeryhighintegritysystemMakeupsystemELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONThesubmarinerequiresasourceofelectricalpowerinordertofunction.

Toprovidethiswehaveasystemofgeneratorsandinterlinkingcablesandswitches.ELECTRICALGENERATIONProvidesasafereliablesourceofAC/DCelectricalpowerfor:NavigationWeaponssystemsHeatingLightingAlternativemethodsofpropulsion.ELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONTURBOGENERATORSTheprimarymethodofproducingelectricalpoweristwosteam-drivenTurboGeneratorslocatedintheMainMachinerySpace(MMS)TheyproducethemainACelectricityat440V60Hz3phase.MAINBATTERYProvidesahighintegrityDCelectricalsupplyintheeventofalossoftheACpowergeneratingcapabilityMOTORGENERATORSM.G’skeeptheMainBatteryfullychargedundernormalconditionsandintheeventofaTGfailuretheycansupplytheACsystemfromtheMainBatteryDIESELGENERATORSThereare2DieselGeneratorsfittedthatcanbeusedtochargethemainbatteryduringnormalbatteryroutinesandinvariousmachinerybreakdownstates,e.g.aprolongedreactorscramSHORESUPPLIESShoresuppliesprovideamethodofsupplyingelectricityalongside,usingcablesconnectedfromthejettytothesubmarine.THEPROPULSIONSYSTEMThefunctionofthepropulsionsystemistoprovideamethodofdrivingthesubmarinethroughthewater,surfacedordived,whilstretainingtheabilitytoremainundetected.MAINPROPULSIONUNIT&SHAFTINGMAINTURBINESThemainturbinesconvertthesteamproducedbytheNSRP(NuclearSteamRaisingPlant)intorotationalmovementtodrivethegearboxviatheclutches.MAINGEARBOXThemaingearboxtransfersthedrivefromthemainturbinestotheshaftandreducestheturbinespeedataspecificreductionratio.EMERGENCYPROPULSIONMOTOR(EPM)TheEPMprovidesanalternativemethodofturningtheshaftintheeventofalossofsteamormechanicalfailureoftheturbinesandisclutchedinoroutwhenrequired.SECONDARYPROPULSIONMOTOR(SPM)TheSPMisusedintheeventofamainshaftingfailureorlossofthegearbox,andwhenmanoeuvringinconfinedwatersEMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMTosupplyclean,breathable,filteredairat7barthroughoutthesubmarinewhenthesubmarinesatmosphereiscontaminated.EMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTosupplyaliquidatpressuretomoveheavyandessentialitemsofequipmentQuietlyEfficientlyandRemotelyMAINHYDRAULICSFwdhydroplanesMainventsWatertightdoorsHPBlowvalvesMasts&PeriscopesHullValves6mainusesofMainHydraulicsare:EXTERNALHYDRAULICSAnchorwindlassCapstansBowcaps&flapvalvesSecondaryPropulsionMotor4MainusesofExternalHydraulicsare:AFTERHYDRAULICSAfterplanesRudderControlAfterHydraulicsisusedexclusivelyfor:ENVIROMENTALSYSTEMSVentilationSystemSnortInductionSystemAirpurificationAirconditioningSanitarysystemsVENTILATIONSYSTEMTocirculateanddistributeairthroughoutthesubmarineToprovideadequateventilationofthebatteryunderallconditions.Toexhauststaleorcontaminatedairfromthesubmarineandreplaceitwithfresh.ToprovideadequateairsuppliestoruntheonboarddieselsVENTILATIONSYSTEMSNORTINDUCTIONS