基本句型與翻譯

漢語基本句型的翻譯英語的基本句型SV(intransitiveverb)

Ironrusts.SVC(linkingverb)

Themanisateacher.SVO(monotransitiveverb)

Liverpoolwonthegame.SVoO(ditransitiveverb)

Isenthimatelegram.SVOC(complextransitiveverb)

Theyelectedhimpresident.

（陳宏薇p151“八種”）1.主謂單句

1.防止主語機械對應南京近幾年發(fā)生了巨大變化。Therehavebeengreatchanges…

Greatchangeshavetakenplace…

Theseyearshavewitnessed(seen)greatchanges…

Nanjinghasbeencracklingwiththedynamicsofchanges…這個地區(qū)多雨。Itrainsalotinthisarea.

Peoplehavemuchraininthisarea.

Thisareaseesmuchrain.

Thereismuchraininthisarea.主謂單句防止謂語機械對應你們要搞調(diào)查研究。Youshoulddosomeinvestigationandstudy.別搞那么多菜了。Don’tcooksomanydishes.這家企業(yè)是由一個個體戶搞起來的。Thisenterprisewasstartedbyaself-employedworker.

你們把事情搞糟了。Youhavemadeamessofthings.他思想搞通了，精神也愉快了。Oncehestraightenedouthisideas,hebecamecheerfulagain.

你搞什么鬼？Whattricksareyouplaying?他身體搞垮了。Hehasruinedhishealth.他是搞法律的。Heisinthelaw.2.無主句漢語祈使句請打開窗戶！你的車票！無主句漢語含有號召、要求、規(guī)定等意味為建設一個社會主義強國而奮斗。Strivetobuildagreatsocialistcountry.軍校每天夜里都要有一名軍官值班。Theremustbeoneofficeronnightdutyinmilitaryacademy.要警惕“右”和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。Itisnecessary/important/imperativetobeonguardagainsttheinfluenceofboththeRightandtheLeftdeviations,particularlyagainstthedeep-rooted“Left”influence.無主句漢語是敘事或論理認識落后，才能去改變落后。學習先進，才有可能趕超先進。Backwardnessmustbeperceivedbeforeitcanbechanged.Apersonmustlearnfromtheadvancedbeforehecancatchupandsurpassthem.(Onlywhen…canhe)不入虎穴，焉得虎子？Ifonedoesnotenterthetiger’sden,howcanhegetatiger’scub?學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？Isitnotapleasureafteralltopracticeinduetimewhatonehaslearnt?Isitnotadelightafteralltohavefriendscomefromafar?無主句上文出現(xiàn)過的或出現(xiàn)在對話中的人和物。年景不好，柴米又貴；幾件舊衣服和舊家具，當?shù)漠斄?，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針線活尋來的錢，如何供得起你讀書？----《儒林外史》Timesarehard,andfuelandriceareexpensive.Ouroldclothesantourfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.WehavenothingtoliveonbutwhatImakebymysewing.HowcanIpayforyourschooling?無主句慣用法剩下的時間不多了。Thereisverylittletimeleft.

沒有不透風的墻。Wallshaveears.

給了他兩天時間做些必要的準備。Twodayswereallowedhimformakingthenecessarypreparations.3.流水句在中國要是沒有自行車，生活是難以想象的，可是沒有多少年以前，人們還把自行車看成奢侈品，很多人都買不起，再說，自行車也供不應求呀。ItishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeinChinawithoutthebicycle.Yetitwasn’tsomanyyearsagothatabicyclewasconsideredaluxury,beyondthereachofmanypeople.Moreoveritwasinshortsupply.不一會，北風小了。路上浮沉早已刮凈，剩下一條潔白的大道來，車夫也跑得更快。Presentlythewinddroppedalittle.Bynowtheloosedusthadallbeenblownaway,leavingtheroadwaycleanandtherickshawmanquickenedhispace.4.主題句（外位結(jié)構(gòu)）能不能盡快地把科學技術搞上去，這是一個關系到社會主義建設的全局，關系到我們國家命運與前途的大問題。Whetherscienceandtechnologycanbepushedforwardasquicklyaspossibleisaquestionofvitalimportanceforsocialistconstructionasawholeandforthedestinyandfutureofourcountry.災難深重的中華民族，一百年來，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼，摸索救國救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster—riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inguestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongandtears.5.連動句

他到了車站發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。Arrivingatthestation,shefoundthatthetrainhadleft.看到這種情況，他們開始跳舞，他們跳呀，跳呀，一直跳了個通宵。Whentheysawthis,theybegantodance.Andtheydancedanddancedallnight.從那以后，他就像戴上了籠頭，成年累月地給地主當牛做馬，過了一年又一年，身上的債越背越重，眼前的路越走越艱難。Wearilyheplodded,dayinanddayout,abeastofburden,onatrackbesetwithmoreandmoredifficulties,withhisdebtallthewhilegrowingheavierandheavier.6.兼語句

（1）把第二個動詞譯為英語的賓語補足語我們迫切需要錢購買我們需要的機器。Wewantedmoneybadlytobuythemachinesweneeded.要身體健康，就必須使房子保持整潔。Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youmustkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.我們將隨時讓你知道情況。we’llkeepyouinformed.我們真誠的祝你們成功。wecordiallywishyousuccess.老師讓他的學生都進來。Theteacheraskedherstudentsin.我覺得高塔在搖動。Ifeltthehightowershaking.（2）第一個動詞如含有“責怪”、“批評”、“埋怨”、“贊揚”等意味他責備兒子總是遲遲不回家。Shereproachedhersonforoftenstayingoutverylate.老師表揚他樂于助人。Theteacherpraisesherbecausesheisalwaysreadytohelp.他們譴責他的和平努力是背叛。Theycondemnedhispeaceeffortsasbetrayal.（3）第一個動詞是“使、令、叫”等詞他的話令大家十分驚訝。Hiswordsastonishedall.日軍的暴行使全世界公眾輿論感到震驚。TheJapanesesoldiers’atrocityshockedtheworldopinion.（4）兼語結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主語中他支持外國軍隊占領伊拉克使得世界人民更加反對他的政府。Hissupportforforeigntroop’soccupationofIraqhasturnedtheworldpeopleagainsthisgovernmentallthemore.7.意合句最近二三十年來，科學技術日新月異的發(fā)展，專業(yè)化的分工更細，協(xié)作的規(guī)模更大。Inthelast20or30years,worldscienceandtechnologyhavemadenewheadwaydaybyday,resultinginamoreminutedivisionoflabouronthebasisofspecializationandinmoreextensiveco-operation.桂林山水甲天下，陽朔山水甲桂林。Guilin’smountainsandwatersrankfirstinChinawhileYangshuo’seventopthoseofGuilin.修身、齊家、治國、平天下。Cultivateindividualmoralcharacter,runthefamilyinunison,managethenationinorderandpeacewillprevailthroughouttheuniverse.8.主、次信息句這位民族英雄沒有死，他的故事照亮了千百萬人的心。Thisnationalherolive