第三課名詞性從句及主語從句

名詞性從句本節(jié)課的要點

明確名詞從句的分類和概念

掌握名詞從句的連接詞

名詞性從句：在句中起名詞作用的詞

主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句常規(guī)主語從句：Whose

watch

was

lost

isunknown.Whatwe

need

istime.Whatweneedaregooddoctors.形式主語It引導(dǎo)的主語從句，主句置句末Itiscertainthathewill

win

thematch.Itistruethathehasmadea

very

importantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisverylikelythattheywill

hold

ameeting.注意主語從句與強調(diào)句的辨析

主語從句與同位語從句的連詞不可省略

ItisLiLei’sbrotherthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday.

本句若將Itis及that同時省去為：YoumetLiLei’sbrotherinthestreetyesterday.

ItisexcitingthatwehavesucceededinsendingupShenzhou.

本句若將Itis及that同時省去為：WehavesucceededexcitinginsendingupShenzhou賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句

動詞的賓語從句介詞的賓語從句形容詞的賓語從句動詞的賓語從句

Ihave

found

outthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyou

turn

themin.I

think

itnecessarythatwetakeplentyof

hot

water

everyday.Hetoldusthattheywould

help

usthoughthe

wholework.介詞的賓語從句

用wh-類的介詞賓語從句Weare

talkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoour

club用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedto

work

withacompany.形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsure（that）

Iwill

pass

the

exam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.表語從句:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動詞+

關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語從句系動詞，亦稱連系動詞作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動詞分類1.可用來表示主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。（表示主語的身份－－性質(zhì)）Heisill.他病了。（表示主語的狀態(tài)）2.用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest,remain,

stay,

lie,

standHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他開會時總保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一個謎。3.用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,

lookHelooksso

tired.他看起來很累。Heseems(tobe)

very

sad.他看起來很傷心。4.感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,

sound,

taste,look例如：This

kind

ofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsvery

sweet.5.變化系動詞主要有become,grow,

turn,fall,get,go,come,

run,be.這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣例如：Hebecamemad

after

that.。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6.表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"證實"，"變成"之意，

例如：The

rumor

proved

false.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.一、名詞作表語Africaisa

big

continent.Thatremainsapuzzletome.二、代詞作表語

What’syourfaxnumber?

Who'syour

best

friend?三、形容詞作表語Ifeelmuchbetter

today.Heisoldbutheishealthy.四、數(shù)詞作表語Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.五、不定式作表語Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.Herwishistobecomeasinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.六、介詞短語作表語Thepatientisoutofdanger.Idon’tfeelatease.七.副詞作表語The

sun

isup.Imustbeoffnow.八.從句作表語Thisiswhathe

said.同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的從句從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞（短語）的實際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞（短語）加以補充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋。1.名詞作同位語MrWang,my

child’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.2.短語作同位語I,theoldest

girl

inthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.3.直接引語作同位語Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds，“Didshe

die

young

becauseshewasaclone?”4.句子作同位語Thegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscan

sail

uptheGreatlakes.名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞分類并列連詞：連接兩個或兩個以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句從屬連詞：用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語從句并列連詞并列關(guān)系and，both…and…，either…or…,neither…nor…,aswellas,notonly…but(also)…轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,still,while選擇關(guān)系or,orelse,otherwise,neither…nor,either…or因果推理關(guān)系so,for,then,therefore連接詞

連接詞

意義

功能that

無詞匯意義

連接if

是否

連接whether...ornot

是否

連接連接詞僅起引導(dǎo)作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)功能eg:Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.Idon’tknowwhetherornot(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.注意：whether可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句，if僅可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而且不可接跟ornot.從屬連詞：連接詞（3），連接代詞（5），連接副詞（4）1、that（無詞義，不做成分）if，whether（表達(dá)是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2、連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever,whoever,whichever（有詞義，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語）3、連接副詞：when，where，why，how，howmany，how

long，how

far，however，whenever，wherevernowthat（有詞義，作從句的狀語）

連接代詞

連接代詞

意義

功能What(whatever)

什么/...東西連接并替代名詞性成分which(whichever)

哪一個(些)，(可指人或物)連接并替代名詞性成分who/whom

誰（主格）/誰（空格）連接并替代名詞性成分whoever/whomever...人(主格)/...人(賓格)連接并替代名詞性成分whose

誰的連接并替代形容詞性成分連接代詞除起連接作用外，還在從句充當(dāng)主語，賓語，定語，表語等的語法功能。

eg:Thequestioniswhocanoperatethenewmachine.

Theyaskedwhoseideathiswas.

Which

(student/plan)isbetterisclearnow.

Thisiswhathehasaskedfor.what從句和that從句的比較。

what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)一個名詞性成分，表示“...東西”，也就是說它引導(dǎo)的是一個以名詞為中心詞的從句。that是連接詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，引導(dǎo)的是一個陳述句。Heshowedmewhathehadbought.Hetoldmethathehadboughtabook.

連接副詞

意義

功能when

什么時間

連接并替代時間狀語where

什么地方

連接并替代地點狀語why

為什么

連接并替代原因狀語how

怎樣，如何

連接并替代方式狀語連接副詞除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點，原因和方式等狀語成分。Howwecanincreaseourproductionremainsaproblem.Tellmewhyyouwereabsentyesterday.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhereweshallperformtheexperiment.注意：從句都是陳述語序。練習(xí):判斷以下復(fù)合句屬于哪種名詞性從句1.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

2.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.3.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.

4.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.5.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.6.Wemust

never

think

(that)wearegoodineverything

while

othersaregoodinnothing.7.Thefactisthatwehave

lost

thegame.8.That’sjustwhatIwant.9.Thisiswhereourproblem

lies.10.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.11.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.

12.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback

home.13.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.主語從句

----------從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語連接詞:that，whetherthat引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略?！癷f”不能引導(dǎo)主語Thattheboydidn’ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whethergotoatriphasn’tbeendecided.連接代詞:who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whoevercomesiswelcome.Whereveryouareismyhome------myonlyhome.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)連接副詞:when,where,how,why…Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Wheretofindfantasticbeastsisstillunknown.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.Whyhediditremainsamystery.主語從句后置為了避免主語冗長，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語，主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.用it形式主語的that從句有以下五種不同的搭配：1.It+be+形容詞+that從句,(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)Itisnecessarythat有必要。。。Itisimportantthat重要的是。。。Itisobviousthat很明顯。。。2.It+be+-ed分詞+that從句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)Itisbelievedthat人們相信。。。Itisknowntous/allthat眾所周知。。。Ithasbeendecidedthat已經(jīng)決定。。。3.It+be+名詞+that從句(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)Itiscommonknowledgethat。。。是常識Itisasurprisethat令人驚奇的是。。。Itisafactthat事實是。。。4.It+不及物動詞+that從句Itappearsthat似乎。。。Ithappensthat碰巧。。。Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起。。。Itseemsthat看起來。。。5.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!Howluckyitisthatwefinallyarrivehere!主語從句需注意的問題1.“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)2.主語從句中用陳述語序3.主語從句的“that”一般不能省略4.“what”引導(dǎo)主語從句時。謂語動詞：1）常與其后的名詞作表語一致2）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whetherhewillcomehereisnotclear.Choicequestion1._____hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._____wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.Itworriedherabit____her

hairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when4.WhatIsayandthink_____noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasD.have1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.That

C.Whoever

D.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...does

D.That...does7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.that

C.whether

D.how9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That

B.WhatC.HowD.Which10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.Who

C.That

D.Whether12.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If

B.Whether

C.ThatD.Where13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who14._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When

B.WhyC.WhatD.That15.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.What

C.WhyD.This16______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedatto