10000單詞書1-4課詳細(xì)筆記

#單解1ab?di?cate/??bd?ke?t/1togiveupthepositionofbeingkingorqueen；遜[V]Heabdicatedinfavourofhisson.他把王位讓給了兒子。[VN]ShewasforcedtoabdicatethethroneofSpain.被迫讓2[VN]~responsibility/yourresponsibilitiestofailorrefusetoperformaduty失職；放棄職責(zé)ab?di?ca?tion/??bd??ke??n/noun[U,2ab?do?men/??bd?m?n/1thepartofthebodybelowthechestthatcontainsthestomach,bowels,etc.腹（部）2theendpartofaninsect'sbodythatisattachedtoitsthorax（昆蟲的）腹部3ab?solve?b?z?lv;NAmE?b?zɑ:lv/verbVN]~sb(from/ofsth)1tostateformallythatsbisnotguiltyorresponsibleforsth…無罪；免除…的責(zé)任Thecourtabsolvedhimofallresponsibilityfortheaccident.他對該事故不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。2togiveabsolutiontosb赦免…的Iabsolveyoufromallyoursins.我赦免你所有的罪過4ac?crue/??kru:/verb1[V]~(tosb)(fromsth)toincreaseoveraperiodof（逐漸）增長，增economicbenefitsaccruingtothecountryfromtourism旅游業(yè)為該國帶來的經(jīng)濟效益Interestwillaccrueifyoukeepyourmoneyinasavingsaccount.如果把錢存入儲蓄賬戶，就會自然生2[VN]toallowasumofmoneyordebtstogrowoveraperiodoftime（使錢款、）積累SYNaccumulateThefirmhadaccrueddebtsofover$6m.該公司已積欠了600萬元的。ac?crual/??kru:?l/noun[U,C]theaccrualofinterest利息積5af?flict/??fl?kt/verb[VN][oftenpassive]toaffectsb/sthinanunpleasantorharmfulway磨；使痛苦About40%ofthecountry'spopulationisafflictedwiththedisease.40%左右的人口患有這種疾病。Aidwillbesenttotheafflictedareas.將向受災(zāi)地區(qū)提供。6aghast/??gɑ:st;NAmE??g?st/adj.[notbeforenoun]~(atfilledwithhorrorandsurprisewhenyouseeorhearsth驚恐；驚駭SYNhorrifiedEricalookedathimaghast.里卡驚恐地望著他。Heaghastatthesightofsomuchblood.他看見這么多血，嚇得目7ail?ment/?e?lm?nt/anillnessthatisnotveryserious輕?。恍hildhood/common/minorailments兒童期╱常見╱輕微小病noteat8al?lo?cate/??l?ke?t/verb~sth(forsth)|~sth(tosth)|~(sb/sth)togivesthofficiallytosb/sthforaparticular撥…（給）；劃…（歸）；分配…（給[VN]Theyintendtoallocatemoreplacestomaturethisyear.今年他們打算給成人學(xué)生提供的學(xué)額。Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.撥了一大筆款子給館新書。[VN,VNN]Moreresourcesbeingallocatedtotheproject.正在調(diào)撥的資源給這個目。Theprojectisbeingallocatedmoreresources.個項正獲得的資源9am?ic?able/??m?k?bl/doneorachievedinapoliteorfriendlywayandarguing平氣和的；友善anamicablerelationship睦的關(guān)系A(chǔ)namicablewasreached.達(dá)成和解am?ic?ablyasset/??set/~(tosb/sth)a orthingthatisvaluableorusefultosb/sth有價值的人（或事物）；有用的人（或事物）She'llbeanassettotheteam.她將是這個隊的骨干。Inhisjob,patienceisaninvaluableasset.干的這份工作，耐心是[usuallypl.]athingofvalue,especiallyproperty,thataorcompanyowns,whichcanbeusedorsoldtopaydebts產(chǎn)；財thenetassetvalueofthecompany公司的資產(chǎn)凈值HerassetsincludesharesinthecompanyandahouseinFrance.財產(chǎn)包括公司的和在法國的一座房子。assetsales/management資產(chǎn)銷售╱管理financial/capitalassets金融╱資本資產(chǎn)—comparebadger/?b?d??(r)/ananimalwithgreyfurandwideblackandwhitelinesonhead.Badgersarenocturnal(=activemostlyatnight)liveinholesintheground.（挖洞居住，夜間活動badger/?b?d??(r)/~sb(intongsth)|~sb(aboutsth)toputpressuresbbyrepeatedlyaskingthemquestionsoraskingthemtosth纏，煩擾（反復(fù)提出問題或要求）[VN]Ifinallybadgeredhimintocomingwithus.終于磨著和我們一起來了。Reportersconstantlybadgerheraboutprivatelife.經(jīng)常糾纏著打聽私生活。[VNtoinf]daughterwasalwaysbadgeringhimtoletherjointhe他女兒老纏著他讓她加入baf?fle/?b?fl/toconfusesbcompley;tobetoodifficultorstrangeforsbtounderstandorexplain使困惑；難住[VN]Hisbehaviourbafflesme.他的行為使我難以琢磨。[VN,VNwh-]I'mbaffledastowhyshehasn'tcalled.我不明白她為什 。I'mbaffledwhyshehasn'tcalled.我不明白她為 baffle?mentnounHisreactionwasoneofbafflement.他的反應(yīng)是迷惑不解baf?flingbaf?fle/?b?fl/(technical術(shù)語)ascreenusedtocontrolorpreventtheflowofsound,lightorliquid（控制聲、光、液體等流動的）隔板，ban?dit/?b?nd?t/amemberofanarmedgroupofthieveswhoattack土beckon/?bek?n/1~tosb(todosth)togivesbasignalusingyourfingerorhand,especiallytolthemtomovenearerortofollowyou招手示意；舉手召喚SYNsignal[V]Hebeckonedtothewaitertobringthebill.他招手示意服務(wù)生把賬單送過來。[VN]Hebeckonedheroverwithawave.他揮手讓她過去。Thebossbeckonedhimintoheroffice.招 。[VNtoinf]Shebeckonedhimtocomeandjointhem.她 2toappearveryattractivetosb吸引；[V]Theclearblueseabeckoned.清澈蔚藍(lán)的大海令人向往。[VN]Theprospectofamonthwithoutworkwasbeckoningher.3[V]tobesththatislikelytohappenorwillpossiblyhappentosbinthefuture很可能發(fā)生（或出現(xiàn)）Formanykidsleavingcollegetheprospectofunemploymentbeckons.許多剛踏出大學(xué)校門的孩子可能著失業(yè)。be?reave/b??ri:v/verb[VN]beifsbisbereaved,arelativeorclosefriendhasjust喪失（親友Theceremonywasanordealforthosewhohadbeenrecentlybereaved.這個儀式對于那些新近喪失親友的人來說是一種折磨。bias/?ba??s/1[U,C,usuallysing.]astrongfeelinginfavouroforagainstonegroupofpeople,oronesideinanargument,oftennotbasedonfairjudgement偏見；偏心；偏向accusationsofpoliticalbiasinnewsprogrammes(=thatreportsareunfairandshowfavourtoonepoliticalparty)中政治偏袒的指責(zé)Employersmustconsiderallcandidatesimpartiallyandwithoutbias主必須公平而毫無成見地考慮所有求職者。Someinstitutionsstillhaveastrongbiasagainstwomen.有些機構(gòu)仍然對婦女持有很大偏見。2[C,usuallysing.]aninterestinonethingmorethanothers;aspecialability偏愛；特殊能力Thecoursehasastrongpracticalbias.這個課程偏重實用。3[U,sing.]thebiasofapieceofclothisanedgecutdiagonallyacrossthethreads斜紋Theskirtiscutonthebias.條裙子是斜裁的bias/?ba??s/(-s-or-ss-)[VN]~sb/sth(towards/against/infavourofsb/sth)tounfairlyinfluencesb'sopinionsordecisions有偏見；使偏心；使偏向SYNprejudiceThenewspapershavebiasedpeopleagainsther.章使人們對產(chǎn)生了偏見bliz?zard/?bl?z?d;NAmE-z?rd/1asnowstormwithverystrongwinds暴風(fēng)雪；雪blizzardconditions風(fēng)雪天氣araginghowlingblizzard2alargetyofthingsthatmayseemtobeattacking大批侵?jǐn)_性的事物；大量的ablizzardofs一大堆棘手的文broth/br?θ;NAmEbr?:θ/noun[U,thicksoupmadebyboilingmeatorfishandvegetablesinwater（加入蔬菜的）肉湯，魚湯chickenbroth雞湯—seealsoScotchbrothIDMseecookbul?wark/?b?lw?k;NAmE-w?:rk/1~(againststh)(formal)a orthingthatprotectsordefendssth保護(hù)者，防御者（指人或事物）abulwarkagainstcommunism堅絕2awallbuiltasadefence壘；防御3[usuallypl.]thepartofaship'ssidethatisabovethelevelofthedeck（船的）舷墻cen?sure/?sen??(r)/[U]strongcriticism嚴(yán)厲的批評；斥責(zé)avoteofcensureonthe ernment'sforeignpolicy票表決cen?sure/?sen??(r)/[VN]~sb(forsth)(formal)tocriticizesbseverely,andoftenpublicly,becauseofsththeyhavedone（公開地）嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)，譴責(zé)SYNrebukeHewascensuredforleakinginformationtothepress.因泄 /?t?e?mb?(r)/[C]ahallinapublicbuildingthatisusedforformalmeetings會議廳Themembersleftthecouncilchamber.員離開了會議廳。theSenate/Housechamber參議院╱眾議院會議廳—seealsoChamberofCommerce[Csing./pl.v.]oneofthepartsofaparliament（議會theLower/UpperChamber(=inBritain,theHouseofCommons/HouseofLords)下╱上議院（英國為theHouseofCommons╱HouseofLords）theChamberofDeputiesintheItalianparliament意大利國會的下議院UnderSenaterules,thechambermustvoteonthebillbythisFriday.根據(jù)規(guī)定，參議院必須在[C](incompounds構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)aroomusedfortheparticularpurposethatismentioned（作特定用途的）房間，室aburialchamber墓室Diverstransferfromthewatertoapressionchamber.潛水員從水里轉(zhuǎn)入減壓艙?！猻eealsogaschamber[C]aspaceinthebody,inaplantorinamachine,whichisseparatedfromtherest（、植物或機器內(nèi)的）腔，室thechambersoftheheart心腔therocket'scombustionchamber火箭燃燒室thechamberofagun(=thepartthatholdsthebullets)槍膛[C]aspaceunderthegroundwhichisalmostcompleyclosedonallsidesTheyfoundthemselvesinavastundergroundchamber.們發(fā)現(xiàn)[C](olduse)abedroomorprivateroom室；寢室；私人間chasm/?k?z?m/[C](literary)adeepcrackoropeningintheground（地上[sing.]~(betweenAandB)(formal)averybigdifferencebetweentwopeopleorgroups,forexamplebecausetheyhavedifferentattitudes（兩個人或團體之間的）巨大，顯著差別cloak/kl??k;NAmEklo?k/[C]atypeofcoatthathasnosleeves,fastensattheneckandhangslooselyfromtheshoulders,wornespeciallyinthepast（尤指舊時的）披風(fēng)，斗篷[sing.](literary)athingthathidesorcoverssb/sthTheyleftunderthecloakofdarkness.他們在的掩護(hù)下離開cloak/kl??k;NAmEklo?k/[VN]~sth(insth)[oftenpassive](literary)tocoverorhidesth遮蓋；掩蓋Thehillswerecloakedinthickmist.大霧籠罩著群山。Themeetingwascloakedinmystery.會議籠罩著神秘的氣氛。cloakedadj.atallcloakedfigure(=awearingacloak)一個穿著com?mem?or?ate/k??mem?re?t/verbtoremindpeopleofanimportant oreventfromthepastwithaspecialactionorobject;toexisttoremindpeopleofa oraneventfromthepast（用…）紀(jì)念；作Aseriesofmovieswillbeshowntocommemoratetheofhisdeath.為紀(jì)念他逝世30，有一系列的電影要上映。Aplaquecommemoratesthebattle.有一塊飾板用來紀(jì)com?pas?sion/k?m?p??n/noun[U]~(forastrongfeelingofsympathyforpeoplewhoaresufferingandadesiretohelpthem同情；憐憫tofeel/showcompassion感到╱表示同con?cur/k?n?k?:(r)/verb(-rr-)~(withsb)(insth)|~(withsth)(formal)toagree同意；贊[V]Historianshaveconcurredwitheachotherinthisview.歷史學(xué)家在這個觀點上已取得一致意見。Thecoronerconcurredwiththisassessment.驗尸官同意這個鑒定。[alsoVthat,Vcon?jec?ture/k?n?d?ekt??(r)/noun[C]anopinionorideathatisnotbasedondefiniteknowledgeandisformedbyguessing猜測；推測SYNguessThetruthofhisconjecturewasconfirmedbythenewspaperreport.證明了他的推測果然不假。[U]theformingofanopinionorideathatisnotbasedondefiniteknowledge揣測；臆測SYNguessWhatwasgoingthroughthekiller'smindisamatterforconjecture.作案時心里是怎樣想的，這個問題只能由人們?nèi)ネ芻on?jec?tural/k?n?d?ekt??r?l/con?jec?ture/k?n?d?ekt??(r)/(formal)toformanopinionaboutstheventhoughyoudonothavemuchinformationonit猜測；推測SYNguess[V]Wecanonlyconjectureaboutwhatwasinthekiller'smind.我們只能猜測當(dāng)時心里想的是什么。[Vthat]Heconjecturedthatthepopulationmightdoubleintenyears推測人口在十年后可能會增加一倍。[VN]Sheconjecturedtheexistenceofacompleynewspecies.她推測有一個全新物種存在。[alsoVwh-,VNtoinf]con?se?crate/?k?ns?kre?t;NAmE?kɑ:n-/1[VN]tostateofficiallyinareligiousceremonythatisholyandcanbeusedforreligiouspurposes圣；圣化；獻(xiàn)Thechurchwasconsecratedin1853.座教堂于1853祝圣consecratedground祝圣的地2[VN](inChristianbelief信仰)tomakebreadandwineintothebodyandbloodofChrist祝圣餅酒；成圣體3~sb(as)(sth)tostateofficiallyinareligiousthatsbisnowapriest,etc.圣神職人[VN-N]Hewasconsecrated(as)bishoplastyear.于去年被圣為主教。[also4[VN]~sth/sb/yourselftosth(formal)togivesth/sbyourselftoaspecialpurpose,especiallyareligious（尤指為而）奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)con?se?cra?tion/?k?ns??kre??n;NAmE?kɑ:n-/noun[C,theconsecrationofachurch/bishop堂╱主教祝圣con?tend/k?n?tend/1(formal)tosaythatsthistrue,especiallyinan（尤指在爭論中）聲稱，主張，認(rèn)為[Vthat]Iwouldcontendthattheminister'sthinkingisflawedonthispoint.我倒認(rèn)為部長的想法在這一點上有。[alsoVN2[V]~(forsth)tocompeteagainstsbinordertogain競爭Threearmedgroupswerecontendingforpower.三個在爭力。PHRVcon'tendwithsthtohavetodealwithaproblemordifficultsituation（不得不）處理問題，對付困Nursesoftenhavetocontendwithviolentorpatients.護(hù)士經(jīng)常不得不對付的或喝醉酒的con?trive/k?n?tra?v/verb1[Vtoinf]tomanagetodosthdespitedifficulties（不顧ShecontrivedtospendacoupleofhourswithhimeverySundayevening.每周星期日晚上她都設(shè)法與他呆上幾個小時。2[VN]tosucceedinmakingsthhappendespite（克服）促成某Idecidedtocontriveameetingbetweenthetwoofthem.決3[VN]tothinkoformakesth,forexampleaplanoramachine,inacleverway巧妙地策劃；精巧地制造（如機器）Theycontrivedaplantodefraudthecompany.們精心策劃要con?verge/k?n?v?:d?;NAmE-?v?:rd?/verb1~(on...)(ofpeopleorvehicles人或車輛)tomovetowardsaplacefromdifferentdirectionsandmeet匯集；；集中ThousandsofsupportersconvergedonLondonfortherally.成千上萬的支持者從四面八方匯聚倫敦舉行。2(oftwoormorelines,paths,etc.多條線、小路等)tomovetowardseachotherandmeetatapoint（向某一點）相交，會合Therewasasignpostwherethetwopathsconverged.兩條小路3ifideas,policies,aims,etc.converge,they everysimilarorthesame（思想、政策、目標(biāo)等）十分相似，相同con?ver?gent/-d??nt/convergentlines/opinions交的線條；趨于一致的意con?ver?gencenouncrev?ice/?krev?s/anarrowcrackinarockorwall（巖石或墻壁的）裂縫，裂隙，cruise/kru:z/ajourneybysea,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation乘船游覽；航行I'dlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.很想乘船周游世界。aluxurycruiseship豪華游輪cruise/kru:z/1totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation乘船游覽[V,usually+adv./prep.]TheycruiseddowntheNile.們沿尼羅河而下乘船游覽。[VN]WespenttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.我們花了兩個星期乘船游覽巴哈馬群島。2[V,usually+adv./prep.](ofacar,plane,etc.車、飛機等)totravelatasteadyspeed以平穩(wěn)的速度行駛alightaircraftcruisingat4000feet架在4000尺高度巡航的輕型飛機acruisingspeedof50anhour每小時50英里3(ofacar,etc.oritsdriver汽車等或駕駛員)todrivealongslowly,especiallywhenyouarelookingatorforsth（尤指[V+adv./prep.]Shecruisedaroundtheblocklookingforaparkingspace.她繞著那個街區(qū)慢慢行駛，想找個停車的地方。[VN]Taxiscruisedthestreets,lookingforfares.租汽車緩4[V+adv./prep.]towinorachievestheasily輕而易舉贏（或獲得）；輕Thehometeamcruisedtovictory.主隊輕松取勝5[V,VN](slang)togoaroundinpublicplaceslookingforasexualpartner（在公共場所）尋覓，I\\?k?m-b?r\\transitive(cum·bered;cum·ber·ing\\-b(?-ETYMOLOGYMiddleEnglishcombren,shortforacombren,Anglo-Frenchacumbrer,encumbrer—moreatDATE14th1.archaic:trouble,a.tohinderorencumberbybeinginthecumberedwithheavyb.toclutterrockscumberingtheDATE14th:somethingthatcumbers;especially:cyn?ic?al/?s?n?kl/1believingthatpeopleonlydothingstohelpratherthanforgoodorhonestreasons為人皆自私的；憤世俗Doyouhavetobesocynicalabouteverything?你非得懷疑一切嗎？acynicalview/s憤世嫉俗的觀點；譏笑2notbelievingthatsthgoodwillhappenorthatsthimportant觀的；懷疑I'mabitcynicalaboutthebenefitsoftheplan.對這項劃的成效有點兒懷疑 3notcaringthatsthmighthurtotherpeople,iftheresomeadvantageforyou只顧自己不顧他人的；acynicaldisregardforthesafetyofothers顧自己不顧他安危adeliberateandcynicalfoul存心犯cyn?ic?al?ly/-kli/de?cree/d??kri:/1[C,U]anofficialorderfromarulerora ernmentthatesthelaw法令；政令toissue/signadecree頒布╱簽署法令aleaderwhorulesbydecree(=notinademocraticway) 2[C]adecisionthatismadeincourt 的）裁定de?cree/d??kri:/(de?cree?ing,de?creed,de?creed)todecide,judgeorordersthofficially裁定；；頒布[VN]Theernmentdecreedastateofemergency.進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。[VNthat]Itwasdecreedthatthefollowingdaywouldbeaholiday.法令宣布第二天為休假日。[alsoV,Vwh-]de?file1/d??fa?l/verb[VN](formalortomakesthdirtyornolongerpure,especiallysthpeopleconsiderimportantorholy弄臟；玷污；糟蹋；Manyvictimsofburglaryfeeltheirhomeshavebeen許多家門被撬的人都感到自己的家被玷污Thealtarhaddefiledbyvandals.壇受到破壞公物者的肆意踐踏de?file?mentde?file2/d??fa?l;?di:fa?l/noun(formal)anarrowwaymountains中狹de?mean/d??mi:n/verb1~yourselftodosththatmakespeoplehavelessforyou降低；失去尊Iwouldn'tdemeanmyselfbyaskingforcharity.決不低三四地乞求施舍2tomakepeoplehavelessrespectforsb/sth低；貶損；失尊嚴(yán)Suchimagesdemeanwomen.這些形象有損婦女尊de?nounce/d??na?ns/verb1~sb/sth(assth)tostronglycriticizesb/sththatthinkiswrong,illegal,etc.責(zé)；指責(zé)；斥Shepubliclydenounced ernment'shandlingofcrisis.她公開譴責(zé)處理這場的方式。Theprojectdenouncedasascandalouswasteofpublicmoney.項工程被責(zé)為揮霍，令人憤慨2~sb(assth)tolthe,theauthorities,aboutsb'sillegalpoliticalactivities告發(fā)（從事治活動Theyweredenouncedasspies.有人他們，說他們是Manypeopledenouncedtheirneighbourstothesecret許多人向告發(fā)自己的鄰居?！猻eealsode?plore/d??pl?:(r)/verb[VN]tostronglydisapproveofsthandcriticizeit,publicly開譴責(zé)；Likeeveryoneelse,Ideploreandcondemnthiskilling.所有人一樣強烈譴責(zé)這樁兇殺案de·range\\di-?rānj\\transitiveverb(de·ranged;de·rang·ing)ETYMOLOGYFrenchdéranger,fromOldFrenchdesrengier,fromdes-de-+rengline,row—moreatrankDATEtodisturbtheoperationorfunctionshatless,withtiederanged—G.W.tomakede·range·ment\\-m?nt\\de?spoil/d??sp??l/verb[VN]~sth(ofsth)(literary)stealsthvaluablefromaplace;tomakeaplaceattractivebydamagingordestroyingit；掠奪；蹂躪；de?tain/d??te?n/verb1tokeepsbinanofficialplace,suchasastation,prisonorahospital,andpreventthemfromleaving拘留；押Onemanhasbeendetainedforquestioning.一個被拘留問2(formal)todelaysborpreventthemfromgoingsomewhere擱；留?。蛔鐸'msorry—he'llbelate;he'sbeendetainedatameeting.不起要晚點到，他因會議耽擱了。seealsode?vi?ation/?di:vi?e??n/noun~(from1[U,C]theactofmovingawayfromwhatisnormalacceptable;adifferencefromwhatisexpectedor背離；偏離deviationfromthepreviouslyacceptednorms背事先接受的則sexualdeviation性偏離adeviationfromtheplan違背計2[C](technical語theamountbywhichameasurementisdifferentfromtheaverageacompassdeviationof5°(=fromtruenorth)羅盤偏差5（相對真北而言）—seealsostandardde?vout/d??va?t/adj.(of 人believingstronglyinaparticularreligionandobeyinglawsandpractices篤信的；虔誠adevoutChristian/Muslim虔誠的徒╱de?vout?lyadevoutlyCatholicregion信天主教的地區(qū)Shedevoutlyverystrongly)hopedhewaslingthetruth.她誠摯地希望講的是實情dis?card/d?s?kɑ:d;NAmE-1[VN]~sb/sth(assth)togetridofsththatyoulongerwantorneed棄；拋Theroomwaslitteredwithdiscardednewspapers.間里到處亂扔的報紙。Hehaddiscardedhisjacketbecauseofthe因天氣炎熱他脫掉了夾克。10%ofthedatawasdiscardedunreliable.*10%數(shù)據(jù)因不可靠而被廢棄。(figurative)couldnowdiscardallthoughtofpromotion.她現(xiàn)在可以打消升的念頭了2[VN,V](incardgames牌游戲togetridofacardthatyoudonotwant墊（牌）；打出（無用的牌）dis?card/?d?skɑ:d;NAmE-kɑ:rd/ orthingthatisnotorthrownaway,especiallyacardinacardgame被拋棄的（或物）；（尤指紙牌游戲中）墊出dis?dain/d?s?de?n/[U,sing.]~(forsb/sth)thefeelingthatsb/sthisgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespectorattention視；蔑視鄙棄totreatsbwithdisdain鄙視adisdainforthelaw對律的藐dis?dain/d?s?de?n/1[VN]tothinkthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtoyourrespect視；蔑視；鄙Shedisdainedhisofferofhelp.他提出要幫助，遭到鄙棄2[Vtoinf]torefusetodosthbecauseyouthinkthataretooimportanttodoit屑（做某事Hedisdainedtoturntohissonforadvice.不屑向自己的兒dis·sim·u·la·tionseedis?si?pate/?d?s?pe?t/verb1to eormake eweakeruntildisappears（使）消散，；驅(qū)[V]Eventually,hisangerdissipated.他的終于平息了[VN]Herlaughtersoondissipatedthetensionintheair.的笑聲很快消除了緊張氣氛2[VN]towastesth,suchastimeormoney,especiallybyplanningthebestwayofusingit揮霍，浪費，消磨（時間、錢等）dot?ing/?d??t??;NAmE?do?t??/adj.[onlybeforenoun]alotofloveforsb,oftenignoringtheirfaults溺愛的；寵du?bi?ous/?dju:bi?s;NAmE?du:-/1[notusuallybeforenoun]~(aboutsth)/(aboutng(ofa人)notcertainandslightlysuspicioussth;notknowingwhethersthisgoodorbad疑；無把握；SYNdoubtfulIwasratherdubiousaboutthewholeidea.對這整個想法持疑態(tài)度2(disapproving)probablynothonest疑的；不可信的；靠不的；不誠實的Theyindulgedinsomehighlydubiousbusinesspracticesobtaintheircurrentpositioninthemarket.們采取了一些為可疑的商業(yè)才取得目前在市場上的地位3thatyoucannotbesureabout;thatisprobablynotgood確定的；不一定好Theyconsidertheplantobeofdubiousbenefittofamilies.他們認(rèn)為這項計劃對大多數(shù)家庭不一定有好處。ShehadthedubioushonourofbeingthelastwomantohangedinEnglanditwasnotanhonouratall).成為英最后一個受絞刑的女子，這或許也算得上是榮幸之至吧du?bi?ous?lydu?pli?cate/?dju:pl?ke?t;NAmE?du:-/1[oftenpassive]tomakeanexactcopyofsth；復(fù)??；寫aduplicatedform的表2todosthagain,especiallywhenitisunnecessary（尤指必要時）重復(fù)，再做There'snopointinduplicatingworkalreadydone.復(fù)別人經(jīng)做過的工作毫無意du?pli?ca?tion/?dju:pl??ke??n;NAmE?du:-/noun[U,du?pli?cate/?dju:pl?k?t;NAmE?du:-/[onlybeforenoun]exactlylikeelse;madeasacopyofsthelse完全一樣的；的；副本的aduplicate副本du?pli?cate/?dju:pl?k?t;NAmE?du:-/oneoftwoormorethingsthatthesameineverydetail完全一樣的東西；品；副Isthisaduplicateortheoriginal?這是副本還是IDMinduplicate(ofs,etc.文件等)astwothatareexactlythesameineverydetail式兩份toprepareacontractinduplicate一個一式兩份的合同compareef?face/??fe?s/verb[VN]tomakesthdisappear;toremovesth消除；抹去；擦—seealsoself-ef?fete/??fi:t/adj.1weak;withoutthepowerthatitoncehad衰弱的；的；失權(quán)力2(ofaman)withoutstrength;lookingorbehavinglikewoman弱的；女人氣em?bel?lish/?m?bel??/verb[VN]1tomakesthmorebeautifulbyaddingdecorationstoit化；裝飾；布置SYNdecorate2tomakeastorymoreinterestingbyaddingdetailsthatarenotalwaystrue對…加以渲染（或發(fā)揮）；潤飾；對…添枝加葉em?bel?lish?mentnoun[U,Goodpastaneedsverylittleembellishment.的意大利面食用不著添油加醋。a16thcenturychurchwith18thcenturyembellishments具有18世紀(jì)裝飾藝術(shù)的16世紀(jì)教堂en?gross/?n?gr??s;NAmE?n?gro?s/verbifsthengrossesyou,itissointerestingthatyougiveitallyourattentionandtime使全神貫注；占去（的）全部注en?gross?ing?n?gr??s??NAmE?gro?sadj.anengrossingproblem引人關(guān)注的問題epoch/?i:p?k;NAmE?ep?k/noun(formalor1aperiodoftimeinhistory,especiallyoneduringimportanteventsorchangeshappen時代；；時期Thedeathoftheemperormarkedtheendofanepochincountry'shistory.皇帝駕崩標(biāo)志著該國歷史上一個時代的結(jié)2(geologyalengthoftimewhichisadivisionofperiod世（地質(zhì)年代，紀(jì)下分世geologicalepochs地質(zhì)eradi?cate/??r?d?ke?t/verb[VN]~sth(fromsth)toorgetridofsthcompley,especiallysthbad根除；消滅杜絕SYNwipePoliohasbeenvirtuallyeradicatedinBrazil.巴西脊髓灰炎實際上已經(jīng)根除。Wearedeterminedtoeradicateracismoursport.我們決心要杜絕體育活動中的種族現(xiàn)象eradi?ca?tion/??r?d??ke??n/nounevoke/??v??k;NAmE??vo?k/verb[VN]tobringafeeling,amemoryoranimageintoyourmind引Themusicevokedmemoriesofheryouth.這樂曲勾起了她對青年時代的回憶。Hiscaseisunlikelytoevokepublicsympathy.evo?ca?tion/?i:v???ke??n;NAmE?i:vo?-/noun[C,abrilliantevocationofchildhoodinthe1940s20紀(jì)年代童年生活美好回憶的喚facet/?f?s?t/1~(ofsth)aparticularpartoraspectofsth（事物的）部Nowlet'slookatanotherfacetoftheproblem.在咱們看問2oneoftheflatsidesofajewel（寶石的）小平面fa?cetious/f??si:??s/tryingtoappearamusingandinligentatatimewhenotherpeopledonotthinkitisappropriate,andwhenitwouldbebettertobeserious亂引人發(fā)笑的；場合耍聰明的afacetiouscomment/remark不當(dāng)?shù)幕u論；場合耍聰明的議論Stopbeingfacetious;thisisserious.亂開玩笑，這是個嚴(yán)fa?cetious?lyadv.fa?cetious?nessnoun[U]fac?tion/?f?k?n/1[C]asmallgroupofpeoplewithinalargeronewhosemembershavesomedifferentaimsandbeliefstothoseofthelargergroup（大團體中的），派別，小rivalfactionswithintheadministration 2[U]opposition,disagreement,etc.thatexistsbetweensmallgroupsofpeoplewithinanorganizationorpoliticalparty；內(nèi)訌apartydividedbyfactionandintrigue因和詭計搞得3[U]fi/movies,books,etc.thatcombinefactwithfiction(=imaginaryevents)與虛構(gòu)相結(jié)合的（或書fiend/fi:nd/1averycruelorunpleasant 惡魔般的人；的人；令人2(informal)(usedafteranothernoun于另一名詞后whoisveryinterestedinthethingmentioned…迷；…狂；愛好者SYNfanaticacrossword 填字游戲3anevil ；惡flog/fl?g;NAmEflɑ:g;fl?:g/verb(-gg-[VN][oftenpassive]topunishsbbyhittingthemmanytimeswithawhiporstick鞭笞，棒打（作為懲罰）Hewaspubliclyfloggedforbreakingthecountry'salcohollaws.他因違犯國家的酒法而被當(dāng)眾處以鞭刑。~sth(tosb)|~sth(off)(BrE,informal)tosellsthtosb出售（某物給）[VN]Shefloggedherguitartoanotherstudent.她把吉他賣給另一個同學(xué)。Webuythemcheaplyandthenflogthemoffataprofit.我們低價買下這些，然后賣出獲利。[VNN]Ihadaletterfromacompanytryingtoflogmeinsurance.我收到了一家公司IDM?flogadead'horse(BrE,informal)towasteyoureffortbytryingtodosththatisnolongerpossible鞭策死馬；做徒?flogsthto'death(BrE,informal)touseanidea,astory,etc.sooftenthatitisnolongerinteresting多次重復(fù)（想for?ti?tude?f?:t?tju:d;NAmE?f?:rt?tu:d/noun[U](formal)courageshownbysbwhoissufferinggreatpainorfacinggreatdifficulties（在巨大痛苦或面前表現(xiàn)出的）勇氣，膽量，剛毅SYNbravery,couragefos?ter/?f?st?(r);NAmE?f?:s-;?fɑ:s-/[VN]toencouragesthtodevelop助長；培養(yǎng)；鼓SYNencourage,Theclub'saimistofosterbetterrelationswithinthecommunity.的是促進(jìn)團體內(nèi)部的關(guān)系。(especiallyBrE)totakeanother'schildintoyourhomeforaperiodoftime,without inghisorherlegalparents代養(yǎng)，撫育，照料（他人一段時間）[VN]Theyhavefosteredover60childrenduringthepasttenyears.在過去十，他們撫育了60多個兒童。[V]Wecouldn'tadoptachild,sowedecidedtofoster.我們不能領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孩子，所以決定代養(yǎng)一個?！猚ompareadopt(1)fos?ter/?f?st?(r);NAmE?f?:s-;?fɑ:s-/[onlybeforenoun]usedwithsomenounsinconnectionwiththefosteringofachild（與某些代養(yǎng)有關(guān)的名詞連用）afostermother/father/family母╱父；代養(yǎng)的家庭fosterparents養(yǎng)父母afosterchild養(yǎng)子afosterhome寄養(yǎng)家庭fostercare親代養(yǎng)兒frac?ture/?fr?kt??(r)/1[C]abreakinaboneorotherhardmaterial（指狀態(tài)）骨afractureoftheleg/skull腿骨╱顱骨骨折acompound/simplefracture(=oneinwhichthebrokenbonecomes/doesnotcomethroughtheskin)合（開放）骨折；單純（閉合）骨折—seealsogreenstick2[U]thefactofsthbreaking,especiallyabone（指事實）Oldpeople'sbonesaremorepronetofracture.人更易骨折frac?ture/?fr?kt??(r)/1tobreakorcrack;tomakesthbreakorcrack（使）斷裂，折[V]Hislegfracturedintwoplaces.他的一條腿有兩處骨折。[VN]Shefellandfracturedherskull.她跌倒摔裂了顱骨。afracturedpipeline破裂的管道2(formal)(ofasociety,anorganization,etc.團體、組織等)tosplitintoseveralpartssothatitnolongerfunctionsorexists;tosplitasocietyoranorganization,hisway（使）[V]Manypeoplepredictedthatthepartywouldfracturesplit.很多人該黨將分崩離析。[VN]Thecompanyfracturedintoseveralsmallergroups.家公司被支解成幾家小frac?turedadj.[usuallybeforeHesufferedabadlyfracturedarm.他的嚴(yán)重骨折。(figurative)TheyspokeasortoffracturedGerman.們講德fray/fre?/1ifclothfraysorsthfraysit,thethreadsinitstarttocomeapart（使織物邊沿）磨損，磨散[V]Thecuffsofhisshirtwerefraying襯衣的袖口磨破了。Thismaterialfrayseasily.這布料容易磨損。[VN]Itwasfashionabletofraythebottomsofyourjeans.經(jīng)時興把牛仔2ifsb'snervesortemperfraysorsthfraysthem,thestartstogetirritatedorannoyed（使）煩躁，惱火[V]Asthedebatewenton,tempersbegantofray.著辯論的繼續(xù)，火氣就上來了。[alsoVN]frayedfrayeddenimshorts損的牛仔短褲Tempersweregettingveryfrayed.脾氣變得暴躁起來。IDM?frayat/aroundthe'edges/'seamstostarttocomeapartortofail開始卷邊；脫線腳；分崩離析；失敗Supportfortheleaderwasfrayingattheedges.這位的擁護(hù)已開始。fray/fre?/thefray[sing.]afight,acompetitionoranargument,especiallyonethatisexcitingorseenasatestofyourability打斗，競爭，爭辯（尤指激烈或視為檢驗?zāi)芰Φ模㏕heywerereadyforthefray.他們準(zhǔn)備好了。toenter/jointhefray加入爭辯At71,hehasnowretiredfromthepoliticalfray.他現(xiàn)年71歲，已經(jīng)退出了政治角逐。frolic/?fr?l?k;NAmE?frɑ:l-/verb(-ck-)[V]toplayandmovearoundinalively,happyway戲；嬉鬧childrenfrolickingonthebeach在海灘上嬉戲的兒童frolic/?fr?l?k;NAmE?frɑ:l-/noun[C,U](old-fashioned)alivelyandenjoyableactivityduringwhichpeopleforgettheirproblemsandresponsibilities歡樂Itwasjustaharmlessfrolic.那不過是個無害的嬉鬧游fum?ble/?f?mbl/1~(at/with/insth)(forsth)|~(around)touseyourhandsinanawkwardwaywhenyouarengsthorlookingforsth笨手笨腳地做（某事）；胡找（某物）[V]Shefumbledinherpocketforahandkerchief.她在她口袋里胡找手帕。Hefumbledwiththebuttonsonhisshirt.他笨手笨腳地擺弄他襯衣上的鈕扣。Shewasfumblingaroundinthedarklookingforthelightswitch.她摸黑找電燈開關(guān)。[VN]Hefumbledthekeyintotheignition.他笨拙地把插進(jìn)汽車點開關(guān)。[alsoVto2tohavedifficultyspeakingclearlyorfindingthewordstosay嘴拙舌地說話；支支吾吾[V]Duringtheinterview,shefumbledhelplesslyfor面試時她支支吾吾找不出適當(dāng)?shù)脑捳Z。[VN]tofumbleannouncement結(jié)巴巴3[VN](especiallyinsport用于體育運動todropaballtofailtostoporkickit失球；接 ；漏fum?ble/?f?mbl/1[sing.](alsofum?bling[C,usuallypl.])anawkwardusingthehands拙的手部動作2[C](NAmE)theactionof theballwhileitisplayinAmericanfootball（美式足球）失球，接 ，漏gal?lant1(old-fashionedorliterary)brave,especiallyinadifficultsituation（尤指在困境中）的，英勇的gallantsoldiers的Shemadeagallantattempthidehertears.強掩住淚水2(ofaman子givingpoliteattentiontowomen女子殷的gal?lant?lyShegallantlybattledonalone.她單槍匹馬繼續(xù)英勇頑強地斗。Hebowedandgallantlykissedmyhand.鞠了一躬，殷地吻了吻我的gal?lant/g??l?nt;?g?l?nt/(old-fashioned)afashionableyoungespeciallyonewhogivespoliteattentiontowomen（尤指對子殷勤的）時髦男g(shù)aunt/g?:nt/1(ofa人)verythin,usuallybecauseofillness,havingenoughfood,orworry瘦削憔悴的（常因疾病、饑餓或慮agauntface憔悴的面2(ofabuilding筑物notattractiveandwithoutdecoration磣的；破敗gaunt?nessnounglim?mer/?gl?m?(r)/1afaintunsteadylight微弱的閃光；閃爍的微Wecouldseeaglimmeroflightonthefarshore.們可以到對岸微微閃爍的燈2(alsoglim?mer?ing)asmallsignofsth弱的跡象；一絲一aglimmerofhope一線希望Icaughttheglimmerofashiseyes.看到他眼里閃現(xiàn)出一絲笑意。theglimmeringofidea露端倪的想glim?mer/?gl?m?(r)/[V]toshinewithafaintunsteadylight約地閃爍；發(fā)出微閃Thecandlesglimmeredinthecorner.燭光在角落里忽明忽暗地爍。(figurative)Amusementglimmeredinhiseyes.眼里隱約出愉悅的神情glint/gl?nt/1toproducesmallbrightflashesoflight閃光；閃Theseaglintedinthemoonlight.月色中海面上波光粼粼。sunglintedonthewindows.照在窗戶上閃閃發(fā)光。at2if 'seyesglintwithaparticularemotion,oremotionglintsin 'seyes, showsemotion,whichisusuallyastrongone露出強烈情感；（常強烈情感在眼中）閃Hereyesglintedangrily.她眼睛里閃射著的目光Hostilityglintedinhiseyes.眼睛里流露出敵意glint/gl?nt/1asuddenflashoflightorcolourshiningfromas