高中英語必修二unit5課文及翻譯

高中英語必修二unit5課文及翻譯Unit5.FIRSTAIDIt'sagreathonourtosavealife.—LeighBardugo.救人一命,善莫大焉。ReadingandThinkingFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun'sraysItalsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature,preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Asyoucanimagine,gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid皮膚是人體必不可少的一部分，也是人體最大的器官。皮膚是一道屏障，能阻擋疾病、毒素和太陽光線的侵入。皮膚還有助于控制體溫，防止身體流失過多的水分，在外物過熱或過冷時發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有觸覺?？上攵瑹齻麜斐蓢乐睾蠊?。在處理燒傷時，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。CAUSESOFBURNS燒傷的原因Youcangetburntbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricity,acids,orotherchemicals.housesafely,andthencallingforhelp.Nevergobackintoaburningbuildingtosaveyourthing.火災(zāi)會給你的家造成可怕的損失，也會給人們帶來可怕的傷害。如果發(fā)生火災(zāi)，您的首要任務(wù)是讓每個人都安全地離開房子，然后打電話求救。千萬不要回到燃燒的建筑物中去救你的東西。Buyclothes,curtains,andtoysthatdonotburneasilyUseheatersverycarefully,astheycansetobjectsonfire.Pacethemawayfromfurniturewhencooking,donotletoiltouchthefireorothersourcesofheat.Checkelectricalwiresanumberoftimeseachyeartomakesuretheyareingoodcondition.Switchoffyourgasandelectricitywhenyouwillbeawayfromhomeforalongtime.Makesureyourhomeisequippedwithfireextinguishers.購買不容易燃燒的衣服、窗簾、玩具等。使用加熱器時要非常小心，因為它們可能會使物體著火。烹飪時要遠離家具，不要讓油接觸到火或其他熱源。每年都要檢查電線多次，確保電線處于良好狀態(tài)。當(dāng)您長時間不在家時，請關(guān)閉您的煤氣和電。確保家中裝有滅火器。CHILDRENANDHOMESAFETY兒童和家庭安全Homesarenotalwayssafeplacesforyoungchildren.Beingcurious,themaysticktheirfingersorobjectsintodangerousplacesandendupsufferingfromelectricshocksorgettingburnt.Inaddition,theymaytrytoeatordrinkanythingtheycanfind,whetheritisfoodornot.Forthesereasons,itisimportanttomakeyourhomesafeifyouhaveyoungchildrenabout.對幼兒來說，家庭并不總是安全的地方。由于好奇心強，他們可能會把手指或物品伸進危險的地方，最終遭受電擊或被燙傷。此外，他們可能會嘗試吃或喝任何他們能找到的東西，不管它是否是食物。因此，如果您有小孩在身邊，讓您的家變得安全是很重要的。Keepmatchesoutofthereachofchildren.Storeallcleaningmaterialsinalockedcupboard.Neverleaveasmallchildaloneinthebath.Putcoversoverelectricaloutlets.Keepallmedicinesoutofthereachofchildren.將火柴放在兒童無法觸及的地方。將所有清潔用品存放在上鎖的柜子里。切勿將小孩單獨留在浴室內(nèi)。在電源插座上加蓋。符所有蕖物放在完童瓢法斶及的地方。MAKINGYOURHOMESAFEFORTHEELDERLY讓老人的家更安全Theelderlypresentspecialchallenges,astheymayhavetroublemovingaboutandcanbeseriouslyhurtinfalls.Ifyouhaveanelderlypersoninyourhome,youmayneedtotakesomeextrameasurestomakeyourhomesafer.老年人提出了特殊的挑戰(zhàn)，因為他們可能會有行動不便，并可能在跌倒時受到嚴重傷害。如果您的家中有老人，您可能需要采取一些額外的措施，使您的家更安全。Makesurethatpassageswithinthehomearekeptclear.Putnon-slipbathmatsinandnexttothebathandshower.Puthandrailsalongpassagewallsandinthebathroom.確保家中的通道保持暢通。在浴室和淋浴間內(nèi)和旁邊鋪設(shè)防滑浴墊。沿著通道墻壁和在浴室內(nèi)放置扶手。很多東西都會造成燒傷:灼熱的液體、蒸汽、明火、輻射、太陽光、電流、酸性物質(zhì)或其他化學(xué)品。TYPESOFBURNS燒傷的種類Burnsaredividedintothreetypes,dependingonthedepthofskindamage根據(jù)皮膚損傷的深度，燒傷分為三類。First-degreeburns:Theseaffectonlythetopfewmillimetresoftheskin.Theseburnsarenotserious.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbyotherminorhouseholdincidents.一度燒傷:僅傷及最上層幾毫米的皮膚。此類燒傷并不嚴重，如輕度的曬傷和其他輕微家庭事故造成的燒傷。Second-degreeburns:Thesegobelowthetoplayeroftheskin.Theyareseriousandtakeafewweekstogetbetter.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyhotliquids.二度燒傷:傷及最上層皮膚以下的部位。此類燒傷較為嚴重，需要數(shù)周時間才能康復(fù)，如灼熱的液體造成的燒傷Third-degreeburns:Theseaffecteverylayeroftheskin,andsometimesthetissueunderit.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orpetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinternalinjuriesandthevictimmustgotothehospitalatonce.三度燒傷:傷及每一層皮膚，有時甚至傷及皮下組織,如因電擊灼傷、衣服著火造成的燒傷，或汽油起火造成的燒傷。此類燒傷會引起非常嚴重的內(nèi)部損傷，傷者必須立即送往醫(yī)院。CHARACTERISTICSOFBURNS燒傷的特點First-degreeburnsdry,red,andmildlyswollenmildlypainfulturnwhitewhenpressedSecond-degreeburnsredandswollen,blisters:waterysurfaceextremelypainfulThird-degreeburnsblackandwhiteswollen,thetissueunderneathcanoftenbeseenlittleornopainifnervesaredamaged:maybepainfularoundtheedgesoftheburn一度燒傷干燥、發(fā)紅、微腫微痛受壓時變白二度燒傷發(fā)紅、腫脹;起水皰;表層滲液極度疼痛三度燒傷皮膚發(fā)黑或變白腫脹;通常可見皮下組織如神經(jīng)受損，則微痛或無痛感;創(chuàng)面邊緣或有痛感FIRST-AIDTREATMENT急救處理1Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes,Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocessandreducesthepainandswelling..將燒傷部位放在流動的冷水下沖洗，尤其在前十分鐘。冷水沖洗可阻止燒傷進程，緩解疼痛和腫脹Drytheburntareagentlywithacleancloth..用干凈的布輕輕吸干燒傷部位的水分。Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary,unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin..如有必要,用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服，除非衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。Covertheburntareawithaloosecleancloth.Applyingoiltotheinjuredareasisabadidea,asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection..用干凈透氣的布蓋住燒傷部位。在受傷處涂抹油膏不可取，因為這會阻礙傷口散熱，而且可能引發(fā)感染。Ifburnsareontheface,makesurethevictimcanstillbreathe..如果燒傷部位在臉上，應(yīng)確保傷者仍可呼吸。Ifthevictimissufferingfromsecondorthird-degreeburns,thereisanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce..如果傷者是二度或三度燒傷，必須立刻送往醫(yī)院。UsingLanguageChenWei,ahighschoolstudentinBeijing,hadhisdinnerinterruptedwhenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanothertable.AfellowdinerattherestaurantZhangTao,waschokingonsomesteak.Hewasnowholdinghisthroatwithhisfaceturningred,whilehisdesperatefriendswereslappinghimontheback.北京高中生陳偉在吃晚餐，這時另一桌突然傳來客人的尖叫聲。原來餐館里一個叫張濤的人被牛排噎住了。只見他按著喉嚨，滿臉通紅，他的幾個朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。Chenwastednotime.HegotupandrantoZhang'stableatonce.WiththehelpofZhang'sfriends,hewasabletohelpZhangtohisfeet.Then,standingbehindZhang,ChendidtheHeimlichmanoeuvre.Thefoodwasinstantlyforcedout,andZhangbegantobreatheagain.Tenminuteslater,anambulancearrived.ThedoctorscheckedZhangandmadesurethathewasfine.Theysuggestedheeatmoreslowlyandtakesmallerbitesbeforetheyleft.陳偉毫不遲疑。他立刻起身，跑到張濤桌前。在張濤朋友們的幫助下，陳偉扶著他站了起來。接著，陳偉站在張濤的背后，實施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬間被排出，張濤又能開始呼吸了。十分鐘后，救護車趕到。醫(yī)生們?yōu)閺垵隽藱z查,確保他沒有大礙。離開前，醫(yī)生建議他吃飯要細嚼慢咽，小口進食。Chokingvictimsusuallyhaveonlyaboutfourminutesbeforetheycollapseandsometimesdie,leavingnotimeforanambulancetoarrive.Tosolvethisproblem,in1974,anAmericandoctor,HenryHeimlich,createdtheHeimlichmanoeuvre,savingthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld.DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreisquickpractical,andeasy.Itissoeasy,infact,thatalmostanyonecanlearnhow.噎食者通常大約四分鐘后就會癱倒在地，有時甚至死亡，等不到救護車的到來。為解決這一問題，1974年美國醫(yī)生亨利-海姆立克發(fā)明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上萬人的生命。海姆立克急救法簡便、實用、見效快。事實上，它非常容易操作，幾乎所有人都能學(xué)會。Ifyouseesomeonechoking,firstcalltheemergencyservices.Then,makesurethevictimisreallychoking:Achokingpersoncannotspeak.Slappingthevictim'sbackwilloftenforceouttheobstruction.Ifthisdoesnotwork,youcanperformtheHeimlichmanoeuvrebystandingbehindhimandwrappingyourarmsaroundhiswaist.Makeafistwithonehandandplaceitintheupperpartofhisstomach.Grabbingyourfistwithyourotherhandtightly,pushupandintohisstomachinonemotion.Continuedoingthisuntiltheobstructionisforcedout.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有人被噎住，首先撥打急救電適。然后，確定此人確實是被噎住了:人被噎時是無法說話的。拍打噎食者的背部通?？梢詫愇锱懦?。如果不奏效，那么你可以實施海姆立克急救法。具體做法是:站在此人身后,用雙臂環(huán)抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手緊緊握住拳頭，快速用力向上在里擠壓。重復(fù)上述動作，直至異物排出。DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreonasmallchildisnotrecommended,asyoumayhurthim.Instead,laythechildfacedownonyourlapwiththeheadlowerthantherestofhisbody,andthengivefirmslapstohisupperbackuntilhecanbreatheagain不建議對小孩實施海姆立克急救法，因為你可能會傷到他/她。相反，應(yīng)將孩子臉朝下放在大腿上，使其頭部低于身體其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部,直至他/她恢復(fù)呼吸。Withchokingvictims,everyminutecounts.Youcannotjuststandbyanddonothing.Luckily,Chenhadlearnthowtogivefirsaidinschool.SeeingZhangchoking,heremainedcalmandreactedimmediately.Chenlatersaidabouttheincident,"HowcouldIjustifysittingthereanddoingnothing?Weareallhumansandweallhavearesponsibilitytolookafteroneanother'swelfare"救助噎食者，分秒必爭。不要袖手旁觀。幸運的是，陳偉在學(xué)校學(xué)過急救方法。看到張濤噎住，他保持冷靜，且反應(yīng)迅速。后來，陳偉談起此事時說道:〃我有什么理由坐在那兒袖手旁觀呢?大家都是人，我們都有責(zé)任關(guān)心彼此的幸福。"ReadingandWriting(Workbook)ISYOURHOMESAFE?您的家安全嗎？Yourhomecanbeadangerousplace,butbymakingitsaferyoucanpreventaccidents.Thekitchen,bathroom,andbedroomarewheremostaccidentshappen.Thesecanincludefalls,fires,poisoning,cuts,hotwaterburns,andelectricshocks.您的家可能是一個危險的地方，但通過使它更安全，您可以防止事故的發(fā)生。廚房、浴室和臥室是發(fā)生事故最多的地方。這些事故包括摔倒、火災(zāi)、中毒、割傷、熱水燙傷