科技英語(yǔ)閱讀

Unit2Sharks:TheirPhysiologyandTheirRoleinCancerResearch鯊魚的生理機(jī)能及其在癌癥研究方面的作用sharkn.鯊魚、騙子；vi.詐騙；vt.敲詐subtropical[,s?b'tr?pik?l]adj.亞熱帶的subtropicalhigh亞熱帶高壓，副熱帶高壓subtropicalzone亞熱帶，副熱帶subtropicalclimate亞熱帶氣候subtropicalmonsoonclimate亞熱帶季風(fēng)性氣候temperatezone溫帶frigidzone寒帶TheNorthFrigidZone北寒帶theequator赤道prevailingwesterlies/westerlyzone

WesterliesWind盛行西風(fēng)帶鯨鯊baskingshark

n.[魚]姥鮫；姥鯊姥鯊是姥鯊科及姥鯊屬中唯一的一個(gè)物種。它是繼鯨鯊以下世界上第二大的魚類。姥鯊分布在全世界的溫帶海洋。它們游動(dòng)緩慢，一般都沒(méi)有危害及依靠浮游生物為餌料的。就像其他的大型鯊魚，姥鯊正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，原因是其低繁殖及過(guò)份捕魚，以供應(yīng)世界各地對(duì)魚翅、魚肉及器官的需求。Plankton['pl??kt?n]n.浮游生物（總稱）浮游生物泛指生活于水中而缺乏有效移動(dòng)能力的漂流生物，其中分有浮游植物及浮游動(dòng)物。部分浮游生物具游動(dòng)能力，但其游動(dòng)速度往往比它自身所在的洋流流速來(lái)得緩慢，因而不能有效地在水中靈活游動(dòng)。姥鯊feed養(yǎng)育；飼育，供養(yǎng)；助長(zhǎng)(某種情緒)，培養(yǎng)，增長(zhǎng)：tofeedone'sanger惹起某人的怒火feedoneself自己吃feedonv.以...為食；以...為能源feedback反饋；反應(yīng)；回復(fù)feedrate饋送率；加料速度；進(jìn)給速率animalfeed動(dòng)物飼料e.g.Wefeedourdogsonfreshmeat.我們用新鮮的肉喂我們的狗。ferocious[f?'r?u??s]adj.殘忍的；驚人的ferociousinspiration兇猛靈感ferociouslook兇氣ferociouswinds狂風(fēng)大作mako['mɑ:k?u]n.（大西洋和太平洋發(fā)現(xiàn)的）條紋狀鯊魚HewasaverybigMakosharkbuilttoswimasfastasthefastestfishintheseaandeverythingabouthimwasbeautifulexcepthisjaws.

/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash條紋鯊魚hammerheadshark錘頭鯊；錘頭鯊，又稱雙髻鯊。錘頭鯊的頭部有左右兩個(gè)突起。每個(gè)突起上各有一只眼睛和一個(gè)鼻孔。兩只眼睛相距1米。分布在熱、亞熱帶海洋。lemonshark檸檬鯊Mitchellandcolleaguesfoundantibiotic-resistantbacteriainsevenspeciesofshark—suchasbluesharks,lemon

sharks,andnursesharks.

米歇爾和他的同事們?cè)谄叻N鯊魚里找到了耐抗生素的細(xì)菌，這些鯊魚包括：大青鯊，檸檬鯊，護(hù)士鯊。檸檬鯊錘頭鯊blueshark

大青鯊whitetipshark：白鰭鯊razor['reiz?]vt.剃，用剃刀刮n.剃刀ammonal['?m?n?l]n.阿芒拿爾（一種高性能炸藥）大青鯊Whitetip大白鯊pit[pit]

n.(物體或人體表面上的）凹陷;vt.使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；窖藏；使凹下；去…之核；使留疤痕vi.凹陷;起凹點(diǎn)sensorypits【無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物】感覺(jué)窩gill[gil]n.腮；菌褶；（山谷中的）溝壑，峽流；及耳（容量單位）vi.被刺網(wǎng)捕住vt.用刺網(wǎng)捕魚；去除內(nèi)臟Snout

英[sna?t]n.鼻子；豬嘴；煙草【昆蟲學(xué)】喙flounder['flaund?]vi.掙扎，折騰；錯(cuò)亂地做事或說(shuō)話n.比目魚；掙扎，輾轉(zhuǎn)marine[m?'ri:n]adj.海生的；航海的，海運(yùn)的；船舶的；海產(chǎn)的n.（海軍）士兵或軍官；艦隊(duì)；水兵；海運(yùn)業(yè)marinebiologist海洋生物學(xué)家bonyfish硬骨魚，[魚]多骨魚lateraladj.側(cè)面的，橫向的n.側(cè)部；

[語(yǔ)]邊音vt.橫向傳球WhatDr.Pottersuggests,ifpossible,isalateralmovewithinyourpresentorganization,suchasamovetoanotherdepartmentortoadifferentposition.波特博士建議的是，如果可能的話，在你當(dāng)前組織中的一個(gè)橫向的變遷，比如轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)部門或者不同的職位。inhopesofsth/doingsthTomJoadandhisfamilyabandonallthattheyhaveandmaketheirwaytoCaliforniainhopesofabetterlife—butfindtheplayingfieldalwaystiltedagainstthem.湯姆·喬德和他的家人抱著過(guò)上好日子的希望放棄了自己擁有的一切向加利福尼亞遷徙–卻發(fā)現(xiàn)遭遇的一切都像是在跟他們作對(duì)。inhibitvt.抑制；禁止同義詞：bar,restrain,control,stay，forbidtoinhibitwrongdesires抑制邪念toinhibitoxidation抑制氧化作用Wemustensurethatstandardspromoteinnovationanddonotinhibitit.我們必須要確保這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，而不是抑制創(chuàng)新。bacteria[b?k‘t??r??]細(xì)菌Virus[‘va?r?s]病毒VirusChaser驅(qū)逐軟件;殺毒軟件agent代理；主體；特務(wù)；細(xì)胞rid…of除去，擺脫ridsocietyofinequality消除社會(huì)不平等ridsomeoneof使某人擺脫riditselfof銷毀自己e.g.Getridofthedistractionsaroundyou.除去周圍分散你注意力的事物。海洋生物學(xué)家正在密切關(guān)注鯊魚的生理，試圖找出人類抗癌的一些途徑?？茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，與多骨魚相比，鯊魚不患癌癥。鯊魚的血液似乎除了能抑制細(xì)菌和病毒的滋生，還能抑制癌細(xì)胞的形成。科學(xué)家目前正在檢測(cè)鯊魚的血液，以求找出鯊魚是如何免于染上癌癥的?？茖W(xué)家希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能被應(yīng)用于人類癌癥的預(yù)防和治療?？萍加⒄Z(yǔ)常用表達(dá)法shouldInstructionstooperators,employeese.g.Theresultsoftheexperimentshouldbeplottedonagraph.Specificationse.g.Thesteelshouldnotcontainmorethan0.5%ofcarbon.Expectationse.g.Theprocessofcoolingshouldcontinueforseveralhours.Toomuch太多的表達(dá)法:anexcessiveamountofsthtoomuchsthsthexcessivelyhigh/toohighexceed/begreaterthan/beinexcessofhighenough/sufficientlyhighenough/sufficient/adequateamountof1.Anexcessiveamountofairentersthefurnace.2.Thetemperatureoftheboilerissufficientlyhigh.toolittle“太少”的表達(dá)法:benotenough/inadequate/insufficiente.g.Theheatwasnotenoughtomeltthemetal.bedeficientin/haveadeficiencyof/don'thaveenough1.Nucleiwhicharedeficientinneutronsareunstable.2.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhohaveadeficiencyofbraveryarecowards;theywon'tputtheirassonthelineforanything.從另外一個(gè)方面說(shuō)，缺少勇氣的人是懦夫，他們不愿意為了任何事情冒險(xiǎn)。Purpose目的的表達(dá)法:To/soasto/inorderto…dosthforthepurposeof/forthesakeof/withtheobjectof/withtheaimof/withaviewto…e.g.Asafetyvalveisprovidedforthepurposeofallowingexcesspressuretoescape.=Thepurposeofthesafetyvalveistoallowexcesspressuretoescape.ReadingExercisesExercise1Q1.Whyisthelathecalledthemostusefulandversatilemachineintheworkshop?Q2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofthelathe?Q3.Whatistherequirementforthelathebedtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress?

Thelatheisoneofthemostusefulandversatilemachinesintheworkshop,iscapableofcarryingoutawidevarietyofmachiningoperations.Themaincomponentsofthelathearetheheadstockandtailstockatoppositeendsofabed,andatool-postbetweenthenwhichholdsthecuttingtool.Thetool–poststandsonacross-slidewhichenableittomovesidewardsacrossthesaddleorcarriageaswellasalongit,dependingonthekindofjobitisdoing.Theordinarycentrelathecanaccommodateonlyonetoolatatimeonthetool-post,butaturret

latheiscapableofholdingfiveormoretoolsontherevolvingturret.Thelathebedmustbeverysolidtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress.Exercise2Q1.WhatisRichterscale?Q2.whentheearthquakemeasures7.2ontheRichterscale,whatdoesitmean?Q3.Whatisthecauseofearthquakes?Q4.Howisthefaultproduced?Earthquakesarethemostdangerousanddeadlyofallnaturalevents.Theyoccurinmanypartsoftheworld.GiantearthquakeshavebeenrecordedinIran,China,Guatemala,Chile,India,andAlaska.TwoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecordedtookplaceinChinaandAlaska.Theseearthquakesmeasuredabout8.5ontheRichterscale.TheRichterScalewasdevisedbyCharlesRicherin1935,andcomparestheenergylevelofearthquakes.Anearthquakethatmeasuresa2onthescalecanbefeltbutcauseslittledamage.Onethatmeasures4.5onthescalecancauseslightdamage,andanearthquakethathasareadingofover7cancausemajordamage

Itisimportanttonotethatareadingof4indicatesaquaketentimesasstrongasonewithareadingof3.Seismologistswanttobeabletopredictthoseearthquakesthathaveareadingofover4ontheRichterScale.Howdoearthquakesoccur?Earthquakesarecausedbytheshiftingofrocksalongcracks,orfaults,intheearth’scrust.Thefaultisproducedwhenrocksnearotherarepulledindifferentdirections.Thebest-knownfaultinNorthAmericaistheSanAndreasfaultinthestateofCaliforniaintheUnitedStates.ThenationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,China,theSovietUnion,andtheUnitedStates.Seismologistsinthesescountriesmeasureradonin