(3)2016914 News Structure(英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu) )

1第一部分文體概述2II.NewsStructure

(英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu)

)新聞結(jié)構(gòu)(newsstructure)是指新聞的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，它體新聞中新聞事實(shí)的安排次序和內(nèi)部聯(lián)系。英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu)有多種形式，常見的有：InvertedPyramidStructure（倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)）ChronologicalStructure（編年史結(jié)構(gòu)）3II.NewsStructure

(英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu)

)FocusStructure（聚焦結(jié)構(gòu)）（或稱WallStreetJournalStructure

《華爾街日報(bào)》結(jié)構(gòu)）Extended-DialogueStructure（對話結(jié)構(gòu)）HourglassStructure（沙漏式結(jié)構(gòu)）First-PersonStructure

(第一人稱結(jié)構(gòu))等4II.NewsStructure

(英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu)

)但是，英語報(bào)刊上的絕大多數(shù)新聞，尤其是硬新聞

(HardNews)

都是用倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)寫的。因此，我們只介紹倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，用倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)寫成的新聞包括三個部分：55headlineleadbody6II.NewsStructure

(英語新聞結(jié)構(gòu)

)倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)寫成的新聞包括三個部分:標(biāo)題(Headline)、導(dǎo)語(Lead)、正文(Body)。7II-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu))Themostpopularstructurefornewsstoriesistheinvertedpyramid.Intheinvertedpyramid,theinformationisarrangedindescendingorderofimportance.Themostimportantmaterialisplacedatthebeginningofthestory,andlessimportantmaterialfollows.8II-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu))Theinvertedpyramidformat

turnstraditionalstorytellingonitshead.Inashortstoryornovel,themostimportantmoment–the

climax

–typicallycomesneartheveryend.Butinnewswritingthemostimportantmomentisrightatthestart.Succeedingparagraphsexplainandsupportthelead.9Anexample

ofaninvertedpyramidnewsstoryA16-year-oldWestHighSchoolsophomoreisincriticalconditiontodayatRiverCityHospitalafterbeingtreatedforsmokeinhalation(吸入)athishomelastnight.JoeSmith,sonofBobandCarolSmithof116TravisLane,wasovercomebysmokeinthefamilygarageabout8p.m.afterpouringcarbonsolvent(溶劑)intothecarburetor(汽化器)intakeofhiscar,accordingtoahospitalspokesman.Hewasdiscoveredbyhisparents,whocalledanambulance.10

InvertedPyramidTheInvertedPyramidofnewssuggeststhatnewsbetoldinorderofmostinterestingorimportanttoleastinterestingorimportantII-1.InvertedPyramid(倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu))MostinterestingormostimportantLeastinterestingorleastimportant11Anotherexampleofinvertedpyramidstyle

BenDavis,85,of345BensonSt.,waskilledinanautomobileaccidentonWarnerRoadabout1:30p.m.Sunday,accordingtotheArkansasStatePolice.Davis,aHotSpringsfarmer,waskilledwhenhiscarlefttheroadandstruckatreetwomileseastoftownonWarnerRoad,policesaid.12Samestory,writteninchronologicalstyle

Todayat1:30p.m.,BenDavis,whoisafarmerat345BensonSt.,wasdrivinghomeonWarnerRoad.Hewastwomileseastoftownwhenhiscarwentofftheroadandhitatree.Davis,85,waskilledinstantly,accordingtoahospitalspokesman.Hewaspronounceddeadonarrivalatthehospital.13Whyisinvertedpyramidstyleused?

Itallowsthereadertoreadonlytheleadandknowmostoftheimportantinformation.Itallowstheeditortocuttheleastimportantinformationfromthebottomofthestoryandnotworryaboutleavingoutanythingofgreatimportance.14Newslistening–Vibefilm/story/2611.html15AnswerstoTaskOne(1)I.1.D2.C3.D4.B16AnswerstoTaskOne(2)II.1.dinosaurs;morethantwohundredmillion;morethanthreehundredfifty;lessthan20centimeters;thebiggestwhaleshark;bones;cartilage17AnswerstoTaskOne(3)2.senseofsmell;blood;chemicals;electricalandmagnetic;nervesandmuscles3.plantsthatliveintheocean;unusualthings;metalprotectiveclothing

Somecarrytheiryounginsidetheirbodieswithacordconnectingthefetustothemotherlikehumansdo.18KeystoTaskThree(1)NewsItem1117.D18.ANewsItem1219.B19KeystoTaskThree(2)NewsItem1320.A21.CNewsItem1422.C20NewsItem11(1)letterbombs信件炸彈(恐怖分子等裝在信封內(nèi)的爆炸物)Swedenn.瑞典right-wing[‘raitwi?]a.右翼的;右派的

plot[pl?t]n.陰謀;秘密計(jì)劃raid[reid]n.突然襲擊;侵襲

Denmarkn.丹麥(歐洲國家) Danisha.丹麥的;丹麥人的

21NewsItem11(2)shoot[?u:t]v.射中;射傷;射死target[‘tɑ:git]n.目標(biāo),指標(biāo)

understand

v.認(rèn)為;推斷disguise[dis‘gaiz]v.假扮,偽裝

videotape['vidi?u'teip]n.錄影帶;錄像帶

believev.認(rèn)為;猜想,料想

intercepte[,int?'sept]v.攔截;截住;截?fù)?/p>

22NewsItem12(1)rundown['r?ndaun]a.破敗不堪的

council['kaunsil]n.理事會，委員會estate[is‘teit]n.(房地產(chǎn))產(chǎn)業(yè);地產(chǎn)councilestate(英國市、鎮(zhèn)、郡等)地方當(dāng)局擁有的地產(chǎn)challenge['t??lind?]v.要求,需要;激發(fā)enroll[in'r?ul]v.把...記入名冊,登記(名字等)defeat[di'fi:t]v.征服,擊敗welfare[‘welf??]n.福利的;福利事業(yè)dependency[di'pend?nsi]n.依靠,信賴23NewsItem12(2)launch[l?:nt?]v.發(fā)動，發(fā)起 wide-ranging['waid'reind?i?]a.廣泛的reviewn.再檢查;審查

draw[dr?:]v.獲取,得到reject[ri‘d?ekt]v.拒絕,抵制

placement['pleism?nt]n.布置scheme[ski:m]n.計(jì)劃;方案

urge[?:d?]v.催促;力勸;激勵24NewsItem13expedition[,ekspi‘di??n]n.遠(yuǎn)征;探險(xiǎn);考察

peak[pi:k]n.山頂;山峰

MountMckinley麥金利山attach[?‘t?t?]v.使依附;使附屬

dental['dentl]a.牙齒的;牙科的corps[k?:]n.(醫(yī)務(wù)、通訊、軍械等兵種的)部隊(duì)

concussion[k?n'k???n]n.腦震蕩lance[l?ns]corporal['k?:p?r?l](英)一等兵25NewsItem14(1)Indonesians

n.印度尼西亞人

runoff['r?n,?:f]n.決定性競選;終投票incumbent[in‘k?mb?nt]a.現(xiàn)任的,在職的

moderate['m?d?rit]a.溫和的;不偏激的Muslimsn.穆斯林(即伊斯蘭教徒)

pledge[pled?]n.保證;許諾;發(fā)誓candidate[‘k?ndidit]n.候選人；競選人voter[‘v?ut?]n.選舉人;投票人26NewsItem14(2)tie[tai]n.聯(lián)系;關(guān)系

prospect['pr?spekt]n.希望;前景Indonesian.

印度尼西亞

notable['n?ut?bl]a.值得注意的,顯著的achievement[?‘t?i:vm?nt]n.成就,成績

campaign[k?m'pein]n.戰(zhàn)役;運(yùn)動,活動authoritarian[?,θ?:ri't?ri?n]n.獨(dú)裁的;專制的27NewsItem14(3)lackluster['l?k,l?st?]a.無生氣的commission[k?‘mi??n]n.委員會

rival['raiv?l]n.競爭者,對手,敵手camp[k?mp]n.陣營;擁護(hù)某一主義或黨派的人們

parade[p?'reid]n.游行,列隊(duì)行進(jìn)rally[‘r?li]n.(尤指政治上的)大集會,大會

feature[fi:t??]n.特征,