高中英語高考押題卷押題卷 新高考英語 押題卷 江蘇專用

2023年新高考押題卷（三）英語試卷江蘇專用考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHerearesomeappsyoumayfinduseful.MirrorItislikehavingapersonaltrainerinyourhomewithyou.Thesupersmartscreenisdesignedtolooklikeafull—lengthmirror.Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesrangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.Mirrorrequiresspecialequipmentthatisseparatefromthepriceofamembership.PelotonEventhosewhodon'tlikeexerciseknowwhatPelotonis.WorkoutsavailableonthePelotonappgofarpastbiking.ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebestcardio(有氧運動)workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.Pelotoniscommunity—basedandoffersthechancetobikewithothermembers.Classesarefuntofollowalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.FitbodItbuildscustomworkoutsbasedonyourstrength—trainingability,pastworkouts,andavailablegymequipment.Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.Itisitsadvantagethatattractsmanydie—hardfans.Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.Fitbodisfreetotry,butifyouwanttounlocktheunlimitedworkouts,youhavetopay.TonalItisdesignedforpeoplewholiketherangeofmachinesatthegym,butdon'tlikesharingthem.Itbringsthewholegymsetuphome,butit'snotcheap.Accessories(配件)likehandlesandabencharesoldseparately.Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.1．Whichappisbestforcyclists?A．Fitbod. B．Tonal. C．Mirror. D．Peloton.2．WhatisspecialaboutFitbod?A．Itoffersdailyworkoutplan.B．Itcanbeusedforfreeforever.C．Ithasofflinepersonaltrainers.D．Itcentersonweightlossprograms.3．Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?A．Theyrequirecustomerstoregister.B．Theysellrelevantequipment.C．Theygivefitnessclassesonline.D．Theycanbeusedwhileworking.【答案】DAC【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四款健身軟件。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peloton”部分第二句“ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebestcardio(有氧運動)workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.”（但是，有那么多的鐵桿粉絲稱贊這款應(yīng)用是最好的有氧運動之一，因此騎行方面值得關(guān)注。）可知，對于騎行的人來說Peloton是最好的應(yīng)用。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fitbod”部分第二句“Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.”（每天你都會得到一個個性化的健身計劃來幫助你變得更強壯。）可知，F(xiàn)itbod的特殊之處在于它提供每日健身計劃。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Mirror”部分第三句“Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesrangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.”（它提供20多種類型的鍛煉，課程從15分鐘到60分鐘不等，初學(xué)者到專家水平。），“Peloton”部分最后一句“Classesarefuntofollowalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.”（在著名導(dǎo)師的帶領(lǐng)下，跟隨課程是很有趣的。），“Fitbod”部分倒第二句“Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.”（Fitbod健身在課堂上的集中在所有肌肉群。）和“Tonal”部分最后一句“Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.”（與在你的車庫或地下室占用大量空間不同，tone在觸摸屏上提供包括健身課程在內(nèi)的一切服務(wù)。）可知，這四款應(yīng)用都提供線上健身課程。故選C。BWheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyou’redoingittocreateart,obviously.Anumberofstreetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthroughapracticeknownasreversegraffiti(涂鴉).Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusingcleaningbrushesorpressurehoses(高壓水管).Eitherway,it’sthesameprinciple:theimageismadebycleaningawaythedirt.Eachartisthastheirownindividualstylebutallartistsshareacommonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities.TheUK’sPaulCurtis,betterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhasbeenappointedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffitiadvertisements.Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo’stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2023bygettingridofthedirt.Madeupofseriesofwhiteskulls(顱骨),thepaintingremindsdriversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishavingontheplanet.“Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortoftheircar,buttheydon’tgiveanyconsiderationtothepricetheircomforthasfortheenvironmentandconsequentlyforthemselves,”saysOrion.Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthoritiessincethemainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypesofproperty:publicandprivate.ThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMoose’swork:“Leedsresidentswanttoliveincleanandattractiveneighborhoods.Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit.”Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact.”Howwashesupposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?AsfortheBrazilianartist’swork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfindnothingtochargehimwith.Theyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel—butonlythepartsAlexandrehadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhiscampaignontheotherside.Thecityofficialsthendecidedtotakefurtheraction.TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.4．Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?A．Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages.B．Itcreatesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents.C．Itcauseslotsofdistractiontodrivers.D．Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks.5．WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?A．Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls.B．Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart.C．Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars.D．Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.6．WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCouncil’sdecision?A．Itissimplyabsurd. B．Itiswell-informed.C．Itisratherunexpected. D．Itisquitesensible.7．HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrion'sreversegraffiti?A．TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaulo.B．Theytookfurtheractiontobanallreversegraffiti.C．Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.D．Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart.【答案】ABAD【分析】這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論涂鴉是否犯罪，講述在涂鴉方面藝術(shù)家們和政府之間的矛盾：藝術(shù)家們?yōu)榱撕粲醐h(huán)保而涂鴉，而政府因為保護環(huán)境禁止涂鴉。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities(關(guān)注我們城市的污染)”及第三段“Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffiti(反污染意義的涂鴉)”可知，藝術(shù)家們涂鴉是為了創(chuàng)造反污染的概念。故選A項。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2023bygettingridofthedirt.(在2023年，巴西藝術(shù)家AlexandreOrion把SaoPaulo的交通隧道變成令人驚奇的涂鴉墻，使交通隧道擺脫塵土)”可知，AlexandreOrion在交通隧道里涂鴉。故選B項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit.(我們認為這種廣告會破壞環(huán)境，所以要強力反對)”及“Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact.”(Moose被命令“改過自新”)”可知，前文講述藝術(shù)家為了呼吁環(huán)保而涂鴉，但是當(dāng)局卻認為涂鴉是污染環(huán)境的行為，禁止藝術(shù)家涂鴉。再根據(jù)“Howwashesupposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?(該怎么做呢？要把他所有干凈的杰作再弄臟嗎？)”可推知，作者提出這樣的問題是為了表達對當(dāng)局做法的否定。故選A項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.(他們不僅要清除這個隧道的涂鴉，還有SaoPaulo里的每一個隧道)”可推知，圣保羅市的官員們讓亞歷山大·奧利翁的涂鴉成為不可能。故選D項。CTheideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.They’vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofdiscardedfacemaskstoroad-paving(鋪路)mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfromlandfills.Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene(聚丙烯)plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.Thisrecycledmaterialwasfoundinthestudytobeidealfortwoofthefourlayersgenerallyrequiredtocreateroadways.Pavingakilometeroftwo-wayroadwiththeRCAandthreemillionfacemaskswouldresultinachangeof93tonsofwastefromlandfills.Thefinalproductthenismoreresistanttowearthanasphalt(瀝青),aswellasbeingcheapertoo,providedtherewasamethodforcollectingmasks.Theresearchteamdidacost-analysisandfoundthat,at$26perton,theRCAwasabouthalfthecostofminingrawmaterials,andasmuchasathirdofthecostofshippingtheusedmaskstoalandfill.Thewidespreadapplicationwouldbeidealforlargeinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)projects.Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsinthe.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.It’ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”meaninparagraph2?A．Recycled. B．Produced.C．Mixed. D．Abandoned.9．Whatisthenewmaterialusedtopavewaysmadeof?A．2%tornmasks,concreteandtonsoftrash.B．Polypropyleneplasticandbuildingmaterials.C．Single-usesurgicalmasksandrecycledconcreteaggregate.D．Wasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.10．Whyarenumbersmentionedinparagraph5?A．Totelluswhattheteamhasfound.B．Toprovethismaterialiscost-effectiveinpavingroads.C．Toexplainrepairingroadscostsalotofmaterials.D．Topraisethehardworktheteamhasdone.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Thematerialusedtopaveroadsismadeofmasks.B．Generallyspeaking,itrequirestwolayerstocreateroadways.C．Itremainstobetestedwhetherthesolutionispractical.D．ThedamagedroadsinWashingtonwererepairedwiththeRCA．【答案】DCBC【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了疫情大流行期間每周有大量的口罩被扔掉，墨爾本的一組研究人員計劃將人們用過的廢棄口罩添加到鋪路的混合材料中去，不過該解決方案是否可行還有待測試。8．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子“They’vediscoveredthataddingmillionsoffacemaskstoroad-paving(鋪路)mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfromlandfills.”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將數(shù)百萬個口罩添加到鋪路混合料中，實際上可以降低道路成本，同時防止數(shù)十億個口罩被填埋。根據(jù)第一段的“Theideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.”可知，疫情大流行期間每周有數(shù)十億人戴著口罩的想法肯定會敲響警鐘，但墨爾本的一組研究人員可能有解決方案。將上下文結(jié)合起來可知，解決方案是將人們用過的廢棄口罩添加到鋪路的混合材料中去。由此可知，劃線單詞意為“被遺棄的”。故選D。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene(聚丙烯)plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.”可知，僅一公里的道路就需要300萬個口罩，而用于制造一次性手術(shù)口罩的聚丙烯塑料也提高了道路的柔韌性和耐用性。再根據(jù)第三段的“Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.”可知，這種新材料是約2％破損口罩與再生混凝土骨料（RCA）的混合物，后者是從廢棄混凝土和被毀建筑物中的其他礦物中獲得的。由此可知，鋪路用的新材料是一次性使用口罩和再生混凝土骨料組成的。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsinthe.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.”可知，例如，就美國未解決的維修而言，華盛頓的道路是美國第11糟糕的。如果使用再生混凝土骨料（RCA）和口罩的混合物來修復(fù)華盛頓州受損的道路，它將重復(fù)使用近100億個口罩，從而使美國的垃圾掩埋場減少數(shù)億噸的垃圾填埋。由此可知，第5段中提到的數(shù)字是為證明這種材料在鋪路時具有成本效益。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“It’ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.”可知，據(jù)說，該團隊正在尋找愿意為其塑料口罩道路提供大規(guī)模測試機會的私營行業(yè)合作伙伴或政府。由此可知，該解決方案是否可行還有待測試。故選C。DHardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth’slandfillsites(垃圾填埋場).Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana’scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshielegallyshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationbyexportinge-wastelabelledas“secondhandgoods”topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(水銀),leadandevenarsenic(砷).Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat’sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana’stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers’waste.Forexample,GermanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernments’greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.12．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Electronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsites.B．Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C．Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedimmediately.D．ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents”inParagraph3mean?A．Relaxes. B．Abolishes. C．Avoids. D．Tightens.14．Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?A．TheviolationofEFSA’sstandards. B．Thethreatofpollutedfoodworldwide.C．ThelackofdiversityinGhana’sexports. D．Thedamagetochicken’simmunesystem.15．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?A．Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.B．Reducingcustomers’demandsforelectronicproducts.C．Governmentsadjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.D．Manufacturers’developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.【答案】DCBD【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電子垃圾雖被掩埋在欠發(fā)達國家，但已成為危害全人類的公敵，因此政府和制造商都應(yīng)該作出努力來減少電子垃圾污染。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.(目前，電子垃圾占全球垃圾總量的5%，而且隨著越來越多的人擁有不止一臺智能手機、筆記本電腦和移動電源，這一比例還將迅速上升。它們最終在加納首都阿克拉郊區(qū)的Agbogbloshie等地落腳)”可推知，隨著電子垃圾的快速增長，Agbogbloshie地區(qū)的電子污染是一個嚴峻的問題。故選D。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.(1989年簽署的《巴塞爾公約》旨在防止發(fā)達國家未經(jīng)授權(quán)向欠發(fā)達國家傾倒電子垃圾)”可知劃線詞所在的句子意思是發(fā)達國家打著向發(fā)展中國家出口“二手物品”的幌子將電子垃圾轉(zhuǎn)移到發(fā)展中國家來避開《巴塞爾公約》的規(guī)定，可推知劃線詞的意思為“避開、躲避”。A.Relaxes放松；B.Abolishes.廢除；C.Avoids.避免、躲避；D.Tightens.拉緊。故選C。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts(最令人擔(dān)憂的是，這些有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以隨意污染更廣闊的土壤和水系統(tǒng)。這應(yīng)該引起我們所有人的關(guān)注，因為加納的一些主要出口產(chǎn)品是可可和堅果）”可知，加納大量對外出口可可和堅果，所以全球范圍內(nèi)都會受到被污染食物的威脅。故選B。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.(只有制造商才能解決這個問題。一個經(jīng)濟上更可持續(xù)、政治上更可行的解決方案是，鼓勵硬件制造商使硬件的維修、再利用和回收變得有利可圖，或者至少不影響成本)”可知，作者認為解決電子垃圾問題的關(guān)鍵在于硬件生產(chǎn)商，他們應(yīng)該遵守可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則，生產(chǎn)便于維修、可回收利用的電子產(chǎn)品。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AlfredNobelRestsinPeacePeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebecomefamousallaroundtheworld.16．TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.ButnoneofthemwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,AlfredNobel.WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilycompany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformanyyears.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproducelandminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20-year-oldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledinanitroglycerineexplosion.17．Theresultwasdynamite（甘油炸藥），whichbecameanimmediatesuccessallovertheworld.AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately，whentheFirstWorldWarended，dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoungmen.18．Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.OnenewspaperaccidentallyprintedAlfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbecomerichbyinventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrifiedanddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingtopromotegoodinsociety.19．TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethemost，orthebest,worktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdandpromotepeaceconferences.In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.20．Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.A．Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?B．Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.C．Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.D．Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.E．Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.F．Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’G．Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics，chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.【答案】ACFGE【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹諾貝爾獎的創(chuàng)始人AlfredNobel的一生經(jīng)歷。諾貝爾獎授予了應(yīng)得之人，AlfredNobel在他的墳?zāi)估飼蚕⒌酶卜€(wěn)。16．根據(jù)下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他們都是諾貝爾和平獎的獲得者）”可知，此處應(yīng)該是詢問其共同點是什么。所以A項Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?（它們有什么共同點呢?）切題。故選A。17．該選項可銜接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根據(jù)后文“Theresultwasdynamite（結(jié)果是爆炸性的）”可知，此處表述Alfred決心發(fā)明一種更安全的爆炸物。所以C項Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred決定發(fā)明一種更安全的炸藥）切題。故選C。18．前文寫到一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的時候他的發(fā)明被用在戰(zhàn)爭中，F(xiàn)選項Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’（他一直痛恨戰(zhàn)爭，認為“it”是令人厭惡的事情中最讓人厭惡的事情，是最嚴重的犯罪）切題。該選項承接一戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)容。故選F。19．前文中提到Alfred決定用他賺取的財富去獎勵造福社會的人，G選項Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics，chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他設(shè)立的五個獎項是物理學(xué)，化學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文學(xué)獎，還有最重要的，和平獎）切題。該項進一步說明他設(shè)計了什么獎項，并在后文接著寫諾貝爾和平獎頒給什么樣的人。故選G。20．根據(jù)上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，諾貝爾和平獎授予了美國人喬迪·威廉姆斯(JodyWilliams)，因為她為禁止地雷所做的努力）”可知，1997年的諾貝爾和平獎頒給了一個號召禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E選項Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.（當(dāng)然，具有諷刺意味的是，諾貝爾家族的財富是建立在礦山上的。）切題。令人覺得諷刺的是，諾貝爾家族的財富都是基于地雷。故選E。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIwasachildofsevenyearsold,myfriends,onaholiday,filledmypocketwithcoins.Iwentatoncetoashopwheretheysoldtoysforchildren.Being21withthesoundofawhistlethatIhadseenbytheway,inthehandsofanotherboy,Ihandedoverallmymoneyforone.Ithencamehome,andwentwhistlingalloverthehouse,muchpleasedwithmywhistle,but22allthefamily.Mybrothersandsistersandcousins,whenItoldofthe23Ihadmade,saidIhadgivenfourtimesasmuchasthewhistlewasworth.TheyputmeinmindofwhatgoodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoney,andlaughedatmesomuchformybeingstupidthatIcriedwithvexation(煩惱).Thinkingaboutthemattergavememore24thanthewhistlegavemepleasure.25,thiswasafterwardsofusetome,fortheimpressioncontinuedonmymind,sothatoften,whenIwas26tobuysomethingIdidnotneed,Isaidtomyself,“Don’tgivetoomuchforthewhistle,”andIsavedmymoney.AsIgrewup,cameintotheworld,and27theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthewhistle.”IfIknewamiser（守財奴）who28everykindofcomfortableliving,allthepleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysoffriendship,29gatheringandkeepingwealth---“Poorman,”saidI,“youpaytoodearforyourwhistle.”WhenImetamanofpleasure,whodidnottrytoimprovehismindorhisfortunebut30devotedhimselftohavingagoodtime,perhapsneglectinghishealth,“Mistakenman,youareproviding31foryourself,insteadofpleasure;youarepayingtoodearforyourwhistle.”IfIsawsomeonefondof32whohasfineclothes,finehouses,finefurniture,fineearrings,allabovehis33,andforwhichhehadrunintodebt,andendshiscareerinaprison.“Alas,”saidI,“hehaspaiddear,verydear,forhiswhistle.”34,themiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirputtinga(n)35valueonthings---togiving“toomuchfortheirwhistle.”21．A．faced B．charmed C．sympathized D．provided22．A．disturbing B．a(chǎn)ttracting C．entertaining D．confusing23．A．trouble B．a(chǎn)ttempt C．choice D．bargain24．A．satisfaction B．relief C．a(chǎn)nnoyance D．stress25．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Indeed26．A．tempted B．determined C．forced D．persuaded27．A．took B．observed C．a(chǎn)dmired D．followed28．A．turnedagainst B．gaveup C．caredabout D．reliedon29．A．incaseof B．insteadof C．forthesakeof D．intermsof30．A．merely B．similarly C．strangely D．positively31．A．inconvenience B．burden C．frustration D．pain32．A．a(chǎn)ppearance B．wealth C．comforts D．necessities33．A．demand B．fortune C．standard D．value34．A．Asaresult B．Bycontrast C．Onaverage D．Inshort35．A．unexpected B．great C．false D．true【答案】BADCCABBCADABDC【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者由兒時為一只哨子付出高昂的代價聯(lián)系到生活中的幾類人——由于對事物價值的錯誤認識，他們?yōu)椤吧谧印备冻龅拇鷥r太大了。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我被路上看到的一個男孩的哨聲迷住了，我把所有的錢都給了他換了一個哨子。A.faced面對；B.charmed迷醉，吸引；C.sympathized同情；D.provided提供?？蘸笳f我把所有的錢都給了這個男孩換了一個哨子，這說明我被他的哨聲迷住了，becharmedwith表示“給迷住”，故選B。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我回到家，吹著哨子在屋子里走來走去，對我的哨聲感到非常高興，但卻打擾了全家人。A.disturbing打擾；B.attracting吸引；C.entertaining娛樂；D.confusing使迷惑。我吹著哨子滿屋走，自然是打擾了全家人，故選A。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我告訴我的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹們我所做的交易時，他們說我付出的是哨子價值的四倍。A.trouble麻煩；B.attempt試圖；C.choice選擇；D.bargain交易。上文說我用兜里所有的錢從那個陌生男孩手里換回了一個哨子，此處指的就是這個交易，故選D。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到這件事，我的煩惱比哨子給我的快樂還多。A.satisfaction滿意；B.relief減輕；C.annoyance惱火，煩惱；D.stress壓力?？涨罢f他們讓我想起用剩下的錢可以買什么好東西，還嘲笑我的愚蠢，我氣得哭了，因此此處是說這件事給我?guī)淼臒溃蔬xC。25．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它對我來說是很有用的，因為這種印象一直縈繞在我的腦海中，所以當(dāng)我想買一些我不需要的東西時，我常常對自己說，“不要為哨子付出太多”，這樣我就省下了錢。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Indeed的確。上文說這件事給我?guī)砹藷?，下文又說它對我來說是有用的，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.tempted引誘，迷惑；B.determined決心；C.forced強迫；D.persuaded勸服。上文說我經(jīng)不住哨聲的誘惑，用兜里所有的錢換回了那個口哨子，此處說的是這件事給我的教訓(xùn)——當(dāng)我想買一些我不需要的東西時，我提醒自己“不要為哨子付出太多”，betemptedtodo表示“受誘惑做某事、忍不住做某事”，故選A。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我漸漸長大，步入社會，觀察人們的行為，我想我遇到了許許多多為哨子付出太多的人。A.took拿走；B.observed觀察；C.admired欽佩；D.followed跟隨。根據(jù)空后的“theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthewhistle”可知，通過觀察人們的行為，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中有很多像兒時的我一樣為哨子付出太多的人，故選B。28．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如果我認識一個守財奴，他為了斂財和守住財富，放棄了一切安逸的生活，放棄了一切行善的樂趣，放棄了所有同胞的尊敬，放棄了友誼的歡樂，我說：“可憐的人，你為你的哨子付出了太多的代價。”A.turnedagainst背叛；B.gaveup放棄；C.caredabout關(guān)心；D.reliedon依靠?？蘸蟮摹癳verykindofcomfortableliving,allthepleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysoffriendship”是守財奴為了斂財和守住財富而放棄的東西，故選B。29．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：同上。A.incaseof萬一；B.insteadof而不是；C.forthesakeof為了；D.intermsof依照。根據(jù)空后的“gatheringandkeepingwealth”可知，守財奴放棄一切美好的東西只是為了斂財和守住他的財富，故選C。30．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我遇到一個浪蕩子，他既不努力提高自己的才智，也不努力增加自己的財富，而只是一味尋歡作樂，甚至糟蹋自己的健康，我說“錯了，你給自己帶來的是痛苦，而不是快樂；你為你的哨子付出的代價太大了”。A.merely僅僅、只是；B.similarly相似地；C.strangely奇怪地；D.positively積極地。根據(jù)空前的“didnottrytoimprovehismindorhisfortune”可知，浪蕩子只是一味地尋歡作樂，故選A。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.inconvenience不便；B.burden負擔(dān)；C.frustration挫折；D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)空后的“insteadofpleasure”可知與“快樂”相對的自然是“痛苦”，故選D。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我看到一個喜歡外表的人，他有漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家具、漂亮的耳環(huán)，這些都超過了他的財富，他因此負債累累，最后在監(jiān)獄里結(jié)束了他的余生，唉我說，唉，他為他的哨子付出了很大的代價。A.appearance外表；B.wealth財富；C.comforts安慰；D.necessities必需。根據(jù)空后提到的漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家居和漂亮的耳環(huán)可知此處指“外表”，故選A。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.demand要求；B.fortune財富；C.standard標準；D.value價值。空后說他為此負債累累，這說明這些華麗的外表超出了他的財富，故選B。34．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：簡而言之，人類的不幸在很大程度上是由于他們對事物價值的錯誤認識——為他們的哨子付出了太多。A.Asaresult結(jié)果；B.Bycontrast相比之下；C.Onaverage平均；D.Inshort簡而言之?？蘸蟮摹皌hemiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirpuffinga(n)___35___valueonthings---togiving“toomuchfortheirwhistle.””是對上文的總結(jié)，用inshort引出，故選D。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.great偉大的；C.false錯誤的；D.extra額外的。上文提到的這幾類人對事物價值的認識是錯誤的，故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Scientistshaveexposedthataroundtwo-fifthsoftheworld’splantsareatriskofextinction.Atopbotanist,ProfessorAlexandreAntonelli,said,“Wearelivingin36．a(chǎn)geofextinction.”It'savery37．(worry)pictureofriskandurgentneedforaction.We’relosingtheraceagainsttimeasspeciesaredisappearingfaster38．wecanfindandnamethem.Manyofthemcouldholdimportantcluesforsolvingsomeofthemostpressing39．(challenge)ofmedicineandevenperhapsoftheemergingandcurrentpandemicsweareseeingtoday.”There40．(be)positivesignsinthepastfewyears.Morethan4,000speciesofplantsandfungi(菌類)41．(discover)in2023,amongwhicharepotentialfuturefoodsthatcouldbealifelinetomillionsofpeopleonEarthsufferingfrom42．(poor)andfoodinsecurity.ProfessorAntonellistressed43．(firm)theimportanceofprotectingtheseandallplantlifeonEarth.Hesaid,“Wewouldnotbeable44．(survive)withoutplantsandfungi—alllifedependsonthem.Everytimewelos