歐洲文化入門No2

ArtArchitectureandMusicofRomanticismPaintings●Choosemajorhistoricalevents;●Emphasizerationalratherthanemotionalexpressions;●Emphasisonintegrityofthepicture;●Payattentiontothecharacterimage,doesn’tpayattentiontocolorCharacteristic:Goya（1746-1828）

戈雅

GoyawasarevolutionarySpanishcourtpainterandetcher.HewasamongthefirstonesinEuropeanarthistorytocommentinhisartontheeventsoftheday.Goyawasremarkableinusingbrilliantcoloralongwithlightandshadetoachievedramaticeffects.HehadgreatinfluenceontheimpressionistmovementinFrance,notablyMonetandRenoir.MajorWorksTheSecondofMaytheExecutionoftheThirdofMayTheParasolFamilyofCharlesIVSaturnDevouringhisChildrenTheSecondofMaytheExecutionoftheThirdofMayTheParasolFamilyofCharlesIV薩坦吞吃自己的孩子

SaturnDevouringhisChildren

雅克·路易·大衛(wèi)David

David（1748-1825）wasaFrenchpainterwholedtheneo-classicalmovementinpaintinginthelate18thandearly19thcentury.Inhisearlyyears,hewastrainedbyRococo(洛可可式風(fēng)格

)painter.ButhesoonrebelledagainstitandwantedtoworkinapureGreekstyle.DavidburnedwithapassionforthepoliticalideasoftheFrenchRevolutionary.Hewas,infact,electedtotheRevolutionaryConvention,votedfortheking’sdeath.SoafterNapoleonwasultimatelyunseated,DavidhadtoleaveParisandlivedinexile.MajorWorksTheDeathofSocratesDeathofMaratTheOathofHorattiNapoleonCrossingtheSaintBernardPass(1800)CoronationofNapoleonandJosephine（1805—1808）TheDeathofSocrates蘇格拉底之死

DeathofMarat馬拉之死TheOathofHoratti荷拉斯三兄弟的誓言NapoleonCrossingtheSaintBernardPass(1800)拿破侖穿越圣伯納德山口CoronationofNapoleonandJosephine（1805—1808）拿破侖一世及皇后加冕典禮FranceEngland

Delacroix德拉克羅瓦

(1798—1863)FrenchRomantic

artistForemostpainterAbstractartisticimagesTraveltoNorthAfricaColorpassionpersonalityLionofromanticismMajorworks

MassacreatChios《希奧島的屠殺》

DeathofSardanapalus

《薩爾丹那帕勒斯之死》LibertyLeadingthePeopleTheWomenofAlgiersMassacreatChiosDeathofSardanapalusLibertyLeadingthePeopleGericault籍里柯

(1792－1824)Artistpainterlithographer（石版畫家）SportingartHorseDeathMajorworks

EpsomDerby《葉森打吡大賽》MountedOfficeroftheImperialGuard

RaftofMadusa

Turner特納

(1775–1851)EnglishRomanticlandscapepainter,watercolouristandprintmaker.ThepainteroflightTurnerPrizeMajorworks

TheFightingTemeraire

《被拖去解體的戰(zhàn)艦無畏號》TheSlaveShipJohnConstable約翰·康斯太勃爾

(1776–1837)EnglishlandscapepainterIshouldpaintmyownplacesbest.NaturalandpureMajorworks

TheHayWain《干草車》HadleighCastle《哈德利古城堡》TheHayWainCharacteristicsThemescomefromrealityWorshipnatureEmphasizetheexpressionofpersonalityandemotionandpreferexuberantcolourInfluenceFrenchimpressionism(印象派主義)Architecture

---amovementofrevivalThe

Doctrine

of

“Backtothe

Ancients”(ClassicalRevival)（1760-1880）(Romanticism)（1760-1880）(Eclecticism)（1820—1920）ClassicalRevival(1760-1880)RomanrevivalFranceUSAUKGreekrevivalUKGermanyFranceFranceisthecenteroftheclassical(Roman)revival.TherearealotofmomentatAgeofNapoleon.TheFrancearchitecturalfusionofEastandtheRococo,theartisticachievementwhichconstituteitownmagnificentandgrandstyle--EmpireStylePlaceCharlesdeGaulle（1808-1836年）USAWhen

Americanwontheir

independence,

classical(Roman)revivalarchitecturesweptacrosstheworld.UnitedStatesCapitol（1793—1867）TheWhiteHouseUSAPantheonRomanrevivalBankofEngland（1788~1835年）UKGreekrevivalGreekrevivalarchitecturesplayansignificantroleintheUnitedKingdomOldRoyalHighSchool（1825-1829年）BritishMuseum（1823-1847）UKGreekrevivalConcertHallBerlin（1818-1821）BrandenburgGateGermanyRomanticism（1760-1880）Romanticismisanothertrendofthoughtinliterature,artandarchitecture.TheromanticoriginatedinBritaininthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.先浪漫主義時期(1760-1830)GothicRevival(1830-1870)Before-Romanticism(1760-1830)They

pursuredextraordinarytasteandexoticemotionalappeal.Therearesome

placewhichincludessignificant

architecturalfeatures

ofthe

East.

RoyalPavilio（1818-1821)GothicRevival(1830-1870)It

has

grown

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trend

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architectual

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of

the

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of

gothic

style

in

the

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called

GothicRevival

PalaceofWestminster（1836-1868）NewSwanStoneCastleEclecticism（1820—1920）Eclecticismishalfofthe19thcenturytheriseofanotherkindofideologicaltrend,whichsweepacrossthe

EuropeandtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury.Paris

Opera（1861—1874）ItsfacadeisItalyinthelatebaroquestyle,anddopingthetediousrococovultureacttheroleofing.ItIsoneoftheimportantmonumentssecondempire.TheRomanticMovementinmusicdominatedtheperiodabout1830toabout1900merelypartofageneralmovementexercisemoredirectlyandpowerfullyfreedomofform、stressedstrongfeeling,imagination,theloveofnature、theuseofnationalfolk-rhythms、theturnsofmelody.AllartsTheEarlyRomanticsTheLaterRomanticsLudwigvanBeethovenaGermancomposerhismusicideasofamoralnaturethegrowthofthesonataandsymphonyrapiddevelopmentanddeepenedfeelingHistreatmentofthepianothegreatromanticheroesConcert:PianoConcertoNo.4PianoConcertoNo.5(Emperror)ViolinConcertoinDmajorSonatas:PianoSonataNo.8(Pathetique)PianoSonataNo.14(Moonlight)PianoSonataNo.17（Tempest）PianoSonataNo.21(Waldstein)PianoSonataNo.23(Appassionata)PianoSonataNo.29(Hammerklavier)ViolinSonataNo.5(Spring)ViolinSonataNo.9(Kreutzer）Works

Mass:MissaSolemnisOpera:FidelioSymphonies:SymphonyNo.3(Eroica)SymphonyNo.5(Fate)SymphonyNo.6(Pastoral)SymphonyNo.9(Choral）

FranzSchubertanAustriancomposer(31yearsold)exquisitelybeautifulsongsthefirstgreatfigureinthehistoryofGermanlied,acombinationofpoetryandmusic.oneofthemostgiftedcharactersPianomusic:ImpromptusMomentsmusicauxQuartets:QuartetinAminorQuartetinAminor(deathandthemaiden)Quintet:QuintetinAminor(thetrout)WorksFryderykFranciszekChopin1810─1849Polishcomposerandpianist,isamasterofRomanticMusicandcalled“thepoetofpiano”ThemusicaltalentofFryderykbecameapparentextremelyearlyon,anditwascomparedwiththechildhoodgeniusofMozart.patriotChopinwasalsowellknownasapatriot.1.ChopincomposedmusictoaccompanyPolishtextsbutnevertoasingleFrenchorGermantext。2.ChopindemonstratedhisPolishspirit–inthehundredsoflettersthathewroteinPolish.3.inhisnegativeviewofallthatboretheofficialstampofthepowersthatoccupiedPoland.《c小調(diào)練習(xí)曲》《黑鍵練習(xí)曲》《瑪祖卡和波羅乃茲舞曲》1810-1856RobertSchumannRobertSchumann(1810-1856)舒曼wasaGermancomposerandinfluentialmusiccriticHeisregardedasoneofthegreatestandmostrepresentativecomposersoftheRomanticera.AboutRobertSchumannHehasasensitiveandfancifulnatureand,likeChopin,hewoulddreamstrangeharmoniesandawakeninthedark,tryingtoreproducethisdreammusiconthepiano.Hepublishedcompositionswerewrittenexclusivelyforpianountil1840;helatercomposedworksforpianoandorchestra;manyLieder(songsforvoiceandpiano);foursymphonies;anopera;andotherorchestral,choral,andchamberworks.AboutRobertSchumannWorksConcertosCelloConcertoinAminor,Op.129PianoConcertoinAminor,Op.54PianoMusicCarnival,Op.9ScenesfromChildhood,Op.15FantasyinCmajor,Op.17ItwasgenerallydescribedasoneofSchumann’sgreatestworksforsolopiano,andisoneofthecentralworksoftheearlyRomanticperiodTheFantasieisinloosesonata（鳴奏曲）form,withthreemovementsintotal/2012/02/22/VIDA1329880201721599.shtmlFantasieinC

FelixMendelssohn1809-1847Germancomposer,pianist,painterandconductoroftheearlyRomanticperiod.Hebegantakingpianolessonsfromhismotherwhenhewassix,andatsevenwastutoredbyMarieBigotinParis.Works1inGminor,Op.25,1831;2inDminor,Op.40,1837;and3inEminor,Op.posth.,afragmentfrom1844);twoconcertosfortwopianosandorchestra,Emajor,MWVO5whichhemadeat15yearsoldandA-flatmajor,MWVO6at17;andanotherdoubleconcerto,forviolinandpiano(1823).門德爾松是莫扎特之后最完美的曲式大師，古典主義的傳統(tǒng)與浪漫主義的志趣在他作品中完美的結(jié)合在一起，賦予作品以一種詩意的典雅。他善于將美妙的旋律納入正規(guī)的古典曲式，他不僅是一位熱情歌頌自然的詩人，還是一位善于用虛無縹緲畫筆的風(fēng)景畫家，他的音樂被稱為“描繪性浪漫主義”。阿瑪菲1836盧塞恩1847JohannesBrahmsthelastclassicalcomposerthathasagreatimpactontheh