永恒主義新新

永恒主義

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lismerenniaReadingisabasictoolinthelivingofagoodlife.

——MortimerJ.AdlerDefinitionBackgroundRepresentativesWhatIsthePurposeofEducation?WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?WhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?PerennialismTodayDefinition[perennial:referstosomethingthatisrecurring.]Perennialistsvieweducationasthediscoveryandteachingofthoseunderlyingandunchangingtruths.Perennialistsemphasizecultivatingreasonandtheintellect.PerennialistscontendthatWesternsocietylostitswayseveralcenturiesago.Theydecrywhattheyseeasatrendforsocietytorelyonexperimentalscienceandtechnology-developmenttheyfeardivertsattentionawayfromenduringtruthBackgroundRepresentatives(Robert·M·Hutehins)赫欽斯(MortimerJ.Adler)艾德勒WhatIsthePurposeofEducation?Preparingindividualstobeparticipatingmembersofsocietywhocancopewithchangeisviewedasbestaccomplishedbydevelopingtheintellect.--toensurestudentsacquireunderstandingsaboutthegreatideasofWesterncivilization.--toteacheternaltruthsthatcanbeappliedtoanyproblem.--tocultivatetherationalintellect

Perennialistsviewkonwledgeasunchanging,theyseetheclassicsofWesterncivilizationascontainingthosegreattruthsthatshouldbetaught.Theyvalueknowledgethatwillchallengethestudentstodevelopintellectualskill.WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?Whatisofvalueislefttotradition.theclassicsisthekonwledgeofmostvalue.palcehighvalueonsubjectsuchasphilosophy,history,literature,theclassics,andmathematics.

WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?.WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?Perennialists

recommendthatstudentslearndirectlyfromreadingandanalyzingtheGreatBooks.

ForthePerennialist,agreateducationisastudyoftheclassics.

永恒學科理智訓練的內(nèi)容：哲學、文學、歷史理智訓練的方法：數(shù)學、科學、藝術(shù)進行理智訓練的工具：讀、寫、算、拉丁語和希臘語

課程指導計劃大學課程—“名著”

1.它是實現(xiàn)教育目的的最好途徑。2.名著的定向都是概念的、理論的，從任何意義上講，它都不是技術(shù)的，應(yīng)用的。3.讀書本身就是一種很好的理智的訓練。不讀這些名著，就不能理解當代世界。

小學課程讀、寫、算的基本訓練，養(yǎng)成道德習慣。熟記古典著作中的個別部分。

HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?

Thedemandingcurriculumfocusesonattainingculturalliteracy,stressingstudents'growthinenduringdisciplines.--tocultivatetheintellect.--tohelpstudentsthinkdeeplyandanalytically.--tobringthemintocontactwithgreatideas.--toencounterthesamecurriculumwithnoelectives.APerennialistteacherholdsfasttoaconstantcurriculumandholdsfasttoconcretematerialsthatdefinewhatheorshewillteach(ratherthanassessingtheclassandmeetingthestudents'needs).--educatedintheliberalarts--anauthorityfigure;--disseminatorofthetruth--a“directorofmentalcalisthenics”--anintellectualcoachWhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?PerennialismToday

CriticsviewPerennialismasabackwardlookingapproachthatignorestherealitiesofthecontemporaryworld.

Inaddition,theyseePerennialismas