2023年上海高考英語句子翻譯技巧方法指導(dǎo)(含例題講解)

?上海高考句子翻譯+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點精講考點精講上海高考英語翻譯題，是對考生詞匯、語法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等基礎(chǔ)知識和實際運用能力的綜合考查。高考中漢譯英多為簡單句或復(fù)合句，題目所給定的提示詞匯也是常用詞，但學(xué)生必須在比較兩種語言的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)的語言知識翻譯出不僅意思準確，而且符合英語表達習(xí)慣的好句子。上海歷年高考中譯英的考察點主要有：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、謂語與非謂語動詞、倒裝、連詞、三大從句、特殊句式、詞組及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年試題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些華麗的中文詞藻或日常生活化表達。【要點梳理】要點一：高考翻譯技巧直譯和意譯直譯和意譯沒有明確界限，往往是一句漢語整體可以直譯，但局部（特別是成語和俗語）卻要通過意譯。注意邏輯主語的變化?！纠?】(2020上海春考）每周三，這些大學(xué)生都會雷打不動地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)【思路解析】句中“雷打不動”無法直接翻譯，只能意譯為：makeitaruletodosth.表示“使做某事成為常規(guī)”?！緟⒖即鸢浮縏hosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,【詳解】考查非謂語動詞、時態(tài)和固定句式。根據(jù)句意和提示詞可知，本句使用固定句式：makeitaruletodo，表示“使做某事成為常規(guī)”，時間狀語“每周三”表明是經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時，同時使用非謂語動詞，“大學(xué)生”與“教”之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故翻譯為：EveryWednesday，theseuniversitystudentsmakeitaruletodovolunteerserviceintheorphanage,teachingchildrenpaper-cuttingandknitting.【例2】(2019上海高考）爺爺有點耳背，對他耐心一點。(patient）【思路解析】句中“耳背”無法直譯，只能意譯為：alittledeaf或somethingwrongwithone'sears?！緟⒖即鸢浮縂randpaisalittledeafandbepatientwithhim./Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【詳解】考查短語和時態(tài)。結(jié)合句意表示“耳背”可翻譯為therebesomethingwrongwithone'sears；表示“對某人耐心”短語為bepatientwithsb.；此處為so連接并列句，且前半句陳述事實應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，后半句為肯定祈使句，句首動詞用原形。故翻譯為Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【例3】）這首歌在今年的藝術(shù)節(jié)上首發(fā)時，因其旋律歡快，風(fēng)格詼諧引起轟動，但只是曇花一現(xiàn)。（when）【思路解析】此句中“曇花一現(xiàn)”’可以意譯為：itspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period.；也可以直譯為：aflashinthepan。【參考答案】WhenfirstreleasedattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival,thissongcausedasensation/madeastirbecauseof/for/duetoitscheerfulmelodyandhumorousstyle,butitwasjustaflashinthepan./butitdidn’tlastlong./butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period./Thesongcausedastir/sensation/becameahitforitscheerfulmelodyandcomicstylewhenitwasfirstperformed/releasedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/aflashinthepan.【詳解】本題考查了when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，考查的詞匯和詞組并不難，“曇花一現(xiàn)”看似難翻，但只要表達清楚意思就可以了?！纠?】這部基于那場重要戰(zhàn)爭的電影一上映就很賣座。(Hardly)【思路解析】此句中“很賣座”不能直接一一對應(yīng)翻譯，只能意思是翻譯，意譯為：itattractedalargeaudience。【參考答案】Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.【詳解】考查倒裝句、否定副詞、介詞、時態(tài)、名詞、形容詞和短語。表示“基于”應(yīng)用介詞about；表示“這部電影”應(yīng)用名詞短語thefilm；表示“重要的”應(yīng)用形容詞important；表示“那場戰(zhàn)爭”應(yīng)用名詞短語thebattle；表示“上映”應(yīng)用動詞release；表示“賣座”應(yīng)用動詞短語attractalargeaudience。根據(jù)所給副詞“Hardly”幾乎不的意思和首字母的大寫形式可知，這句話需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“Hardly…when…”一……就……，該短語要求從句為一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，部分倒裝時，助動詞had置于主語之前。故翻譯為Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.2.適當(dāng)加減詞【例1】他雖然退休了，但仍然關(guān)心著公司的業(yè)務(wù)?！敬鸢浮縏houghhehasretired,hestillcaresaboutthecompany’sbusiness.【思路解析】從句“但仍然關(guān)心著公司的業(yè)務(wù)”中文主語省略了，翻譯時候主句需加上主語“he”.【例2】這款手機樣式新穎、攜帶方面，深受年輕人的歡迎。(2005上海高考)【答案】Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungsters./Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,anditisverypopularwithyoungsters.【思路解析】中文兩個分句有因果關(guān)系或并列關(guān)系，故翻譯時，當(dāng)并列句需加“and”；當(dāng)主從句時，需加上從屬連詞“so”?！纠?】根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法，自然界要用500年的時間才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤?！敬鸢浮緼ccordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.【思路解析】根據(jù)英語表達，此處“....看法”可以省略不必翻譯?！纠?】究竟是什么激發(fā)小王學(xué)習(xí)電子工程的積極性？(motivate)（2019上海春考）【答案】WhatonearthmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?/WhatwasitthatmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?【思路解析】根據(jù)英語表達及句子成分分析，此處“....的積極性”可以省略不必翻譯。【例5】物理課上，他沒聽懂王教授所講的內(nèi)容。(fail)（2006上海春考）【答案】Inthephysicsclass,hefailedtounderstandwhatProfessorWangwastalkingabout.【思路解析】根據(jù)英語表達及句子成分分析，此處“....的內(nèi)容”可以省略不必翻譯。3.語序的變化【例1】博物館疏于管理，展品積灰，門廳冷清，急需改善。(whose)（2019上海春考）【答案】Themuseum,whoseexhibitsaredusty,badlyneedstobeimprovedbecauseofitsfewvisitorsandpoormanagement.【思路解析】此句中文表達簡潔，多為四字格，疏于管理notwellmanaged/managementisreckless，被灰塵覆蓋becoveredwithdust/bepiledwithdust，游客稀少fewvisitors，亟需改善bebadlyinneedofimprovement/requiresimmediateimprovement。翻譯時，厘清主句從句關(guān)系，化繁為簡，適當(dāng)調(diào)整句子語序。故翻譯為hismuseumisnotwellmanagedwhoseexhibitsarecoveredwithdustandtherearefewvisitorssoeverythingisbadlyinneedofimprovement.或Themuseumwhosemanagementisrecklesswhoseexhibitsarepiledwithdustandwhoselobbyisdeserted/requiresimmediateimprovement.【例2】在線預(yù)訂出租車雖然很時尚，但許多相關(guān)問題尚待解決。(as)【答案】Fashionableasbookingtaxisonlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesolved.【思路解析】根據(jù)中文所給提示詞，as當(dāng)“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句需用倒裝語序。4.詞性的合理變化【例1】人們現(xiàn)在隨時能在超市買到新鮮牛奶。（available）【答案】Nowadaysfreshmilkcanavailabletopeopleatanytimeatthesupermarket.【思路解析】句中動詞“買到”轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞短語“sth.beavailabletosb”,且注意中英文語序發(fā)生了變化。【例2】學(xué)生不能進入教師閱覽室。(accessn.)【答案】Studentshavenoaccesstotheteachers’readingroom.【思路解析】句中動詞“進入”轉(zhuǎn)換為含名詞短語“have/getaccessto”,詞性發(fā)生了變化?！纠?】網(wǎng)上支付方便了用戶，但是犧牲了他們的隱私。(atthe

cost

of)【答案】Onlinepaymentmakesiteasierforusers,but(itis)atthecostoftheirprivacy【思路解析】句中動詞“犧牲了”轉(zhuǎn)換為含名詞短語“atthe

cost

of”,詞性發(fā)生了變化。要點二：高考翻譯題常設(shè)考點時態(tài)語態(tài)【例1】我第一次寫英語作文時，犯了很多拼寫錯誤。（make）【答案】ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.【例1】這是他第一次回老家過年，是嗎？(time)ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?【例3】當(dāng)時，那位出租車司機別無選擇，只能求助于游客。（choice）【答案】Atthattimethetaxidriverhadnochoicebuttoturntothetourist/traveler(forhelp).【例4】在過去幾年里，這家工廠用塑料代替木頭來降低成本。(substitute)【答案】Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticforwoodinordertoreducethecost.【例5】應(yīng)該鼓勵學(xué)生將課堂上所學(xué)的知識用于實踐中去。(apply)【答案】Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2、以“it”用法為主的考點【例1】正是那場突如其來的大雨打亂了他們的計劃。(It)【答案】Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【解析】考查強調(diào)句和時態(tài)。本句為強調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+強調(diào)部分+that從句。本句強調(diào)主語theunexpectedrain。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。根據(jù)句意，故翻譯為Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【例2】那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（it）【答案】Itisveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.【解析】考查it做形式主語用法?！纠?】我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。（it）【答案】Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.【解析】考查it做形式賓語用法。【例4】如果你方便的話，請幫我從郵局取回包裹。(convenient)【答案】Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasefetchtheparcelformefromthepostoffice./Itisimpossibleforyoutocompletethetaskalone.【解析】類似用it形式主語或賓語的形容詞還有convenient,necessary,essential,important等3、以非謂語為主的考點【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就會使我整晚睡不著。（keep）【答案】Drinkingonlyacup

ofcoffeewillkeepmeawakeallnight.【例2】他很后悔失去了獲得獎學(xué)金的機會。（regret）【答案】Heregrets

losing

theopportunity

toobtain

the

scholarship.【例3】昨晚有許多人等在劇院前想一睹那位歌星的風(fēng)采.(therebe)【答案】Therewerealotofpeoplewaitinginfrontofthetheatreyesterdayeveningtohaveaglanceatthestarsinger.【例4】整個上午他都在忙于寫那篇故事，只是偶爾停下來喝杯茶。(breakoff)【答案】Hewasbusywritingthestoryallthemorning,onlybreakingoffoccasionallytohaveacupoftea.【例5】

同其他學(xué)生相比，那個女孩有更強的英語聽、說能力。（compare）【答案】Comparedwithotherstudents,thegirlhasbetterlisteningandspeakingabilitiesinEnglish.【例1】這個游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語解釋不清。(too…to)(2004上海高考)【答案】Theruleofthegameistoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.4、以從句為主的考點【例1】我實在想不通為什么大伙兒都覺得他這個人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和藹可親的。(strike)（2020屆徐匯區(qū)高考英語一模）Ican’tunderstandwhypeopleallthinkheisoutofreach/inaccessible,becausehestrikesmeasaveryapproachableandkind/amiableperson.（名詞性從句）【例2】在當(dāng)今社會，誘惑和干擾無處不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品質(zhì)之一，因為它有效地促進了一個人的進步和發(fā)展。(where)(2020屆楊浦區(qū)高考一模)Intoday’ssocietywheretemptationsanddistractionsareeverywhere，self-disciplineisoneofthemostimportantqualities,ifnotthemostimportant,for/asitcontributeseffectivelyto/promotes/enhancesaman’sprogressanddevelopment.（定語從句）【例3】如今，病人能很便捷地下載他們的醫(yī)療記錄以獲取諸如檢測結(jié)果之類的信息，大大節(jié)省了時間和人力。(so…that)(2020屆黃埔區(qū)高考一模)Nowadays,itissoconvenientforpatientstodownloadtheirmedicalrecordstoaccessinformationsuchasthetestresultsthattheywillsavealotoftimeandlabor.（狀語從句）5、以倒裝句型為主的考點【例1】該選手的機智及開闊的知識面使評委們大為驚異，他們一致同意他為冠軍獲得者。(So…)(2020屆嘉定區(qū)高考一模)【答案】Soamazedwerethejudgesatthewisdomandwideknowledgeofthecontestantthattheyallagreedthathewouldbethechampion./bethewinner./winthechampionship.【例2】他向朋保證在任何情況下都不會違背做一個誠實守信的人的承諾。（undernocircumstances）（2018奉賢區(qū)二模）【答案】Heassuredhisfriendsthatundernocircumstanceswouldhebreakthepromisethathewouldbeanhonestman.【例3】他親自到了中國后才意識到他對中國的了解是何等膚淺。（Only）【答案】OnlywhenhecametoChinahimselfdidherealizehowpoorhisknowledgeofthecountrywas.【例4】登山運動的吸引力不僅在于運動員之間的激烈競爭，還體現(xiàn)在運動員與自然環(huán)境的抗?fàn)幹?。（Notonly...）(2020屆浦東新區(qū)高考一模)【答案】Notonlydoestheappeal/attractionofmountainclimbinglieinthefiercecompetitionbetweenathletes,butitisalsoreflectedintheathletes’fightagainstthenaturalenvironment.(thefightbetweentheathletesandthenaturalenvironment)【例5】一聽到警察的腳步聲，小偷就跑走了。(Away)【答案】Awayranthethiefassoonasheheardthefootstepsofthepolice.（此句為完全倒裝句）6、以動詞或動詞短語為主的考點【例1】看到掛滿枝頭鮮紅嫩綠的果實，他們不禁心生歡喜。（can’thelp)（2020屆奉賢區(qū)高考英語一模）【答案】Atthesightofthefruitswithbrilliantcolorshangingonthebranches,theycouldn’thelpfeelingadmiringthem.【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活動旨在提高公眾節(jié)能環(huán)保的意識。(aim)（2020屆徐匯區(qū)高考英語一模）【答案】Thecampaignoftheurbanpublictransportweekaimstoraisepublicawarenessofsavingenergyandprotectingtheenvironment/energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection.【例3】

在每天的早晚高峰期間，堵上半小時是常有的事，要是下雨的話，堵的時間就更長了。（stuck）【答案】Duringthemorningandeveningrushhours,itiscommontobestuckintrafficfor

halfanhour,anditwill

belonger

ifitrains.【例4】

家長是孩子們最親近的人，但是有時他們依然不理解孩子們說的話。（figure）【答案】Althoughparentsaretheclosestpeopletotheirchildren,sometimesthey

stillcannotfigureoutwhattheirchildren

say7、以成語（諺語）為主的考點【例1】在很多地區(qū)，旅游業(yè)對環(huán)境的影響簡直觸目驚心，但人們往往因為旅游業(yè)帶來的經(jīng)濟利益而對此置若罔聞。(ablindeye)【答案】Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【解析】【詳解】考查短語、時態(tài)和定語從句。turnablindeyeto(對……)視而不見；becauseof因為；bringabout帶來。句中先行詞為benefits，在定語從句中作bringabout的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)，也可以省略。陳述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。根據(jù)句意，故翻譯為Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【例2】和學(xué)生時代的他相比，那名士兵簡直判若兩人。（How）(2019上海高考）【答案】Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【詳解】考查感嘆句、時態(tài)和名詞性從句。How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！from后的賓語從句中，從句缺少表語，且指物，所以用連接詞what。根據(jù)句意，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故翻譯為Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【例3】隨著體力逐漸恢復(fù)正常，那名業(yè)余自行車手的奪冠之夢不再遙不可及。（normal）2019上海高考）【答案】Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.【詳解】考查狀語從句、固定短語和時態(tài)。本句為as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中表示“體力”應(yīng)用短語physicalstrength，作主語；表示“恢復(fù)正常”可知短語為returntonormal，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時；主句中表示“業(yè)余自行車手”短語為amateurcyclist；表示“奪冠之夢”可翻譯為dreamofwinningchampionship；表示“不再”短語為nolonger；表示“遙不可及”短語為beyondreach，主句應(yīng)用一般將來時。故翻譯為Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach._____重點小練2022年上海秋季重點小練1.媽媽忘了兩天前剛給鄰居買過黃瓜。（forget）參考譯文：①Mother/Momforgothavingjustboughtsomecucumbersforherneighbortwodaysago.②Mother/Momforgotbuyingsomecucumbersforherneighborjusttwodaysago.解析：本句時態(tài)為一般過去時；考核基礎(chǔ)單詞forget的用法：forgetdoing/forgethavingdone忘記做過某事。注意區(qū)別：forgettodo忘記去做某事2.每逢節(jié)假日，我們都會去郊區(qū)露營，為的就是享受悠閑愜意的生活。（sothat）參考譯文：(During)everyholiday/(On)everyholiday,wealwaysgo/willgocampinginthesuburbssothatwecanenjoyaleisurelycomfortable/relaxingandcomfortablelife.解析：考查目的狀語從句。詞塊：露營gocamping；享受生活enjoya...life3.切莫苛求運動強度和頻率，細水長流才能見效。（difference）參考譯文：①Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlybyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/onlythroughpersistentlittleeffortscanyoumakeadifference.②Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/persistentlittleeffortscanmakeadifference.③Don’tpushyourselftoohardwhenitcomestotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,...解析：考察前后語句間的邏輯關(guān)系，能找到合適連詞來連接前后語句；“切莫苛求”句中是無主結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)生應(yīng)選擇使用祈使句來翻譯；學(xué)生需要對四字格“細水長流”先進行理解，在語境中尋找合適的詞進行翻譯;對自己過分苛求的幾種表達：betoohardonyourselfin.../pushyourselftoohard4.這條運河歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年才修建而成，如今雖無昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是橫跨東西的重要水道。（as...as）參考譯文：①Thecanal,whichtookhundredsofyearstobuild,isnotasbusy/prosperousasbefore/itusedtobe/oncewas,butitisstillanimportantwaterwayfromeasttowest.②Ittookhundredsofyearstobuildthiscanalandalthoughitisnolongerasprosperousasitusedtobe,butstillremainsavitalwaterwayextendingfromeasttowest.解析：提示詞as...as可看出本句考察比較狀語從句；考綱詞匯：運河canal；無昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）notasbusyasbefore;橫跨東西fromeasttowest；水道watercourse/waterway。2022年上海春季高考英語真題1.他已經(jīng)有幾十年沒見過如此壯麗的日出了。（since）Ithasbeendecadessincehesawsuchamagnificentsunrise.2.小張昨天在田里播下種子，期待來年的豐收。（sow）Zhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyear.3.鑒于手機打車不熟練的老人不在少數(shù)，這家公司提供了一系列服務(wù)來滿足他們的需求。（afew）Sincetherearemorethanafewelderlypeoplewhoarenotskilledinusingride-hailingservices/requestingataxi/rideonmobilephones,thecompanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.4.正是因為貫徹“顧客為本”的理念，那個落寞已久的社區(qū)商場才得以重回大眾視線。（It）Itisbecauseoftheimplementationofthe“customerfirst”conceptthatthelong-desertedcommunityshoppingmallcouldreturntothepubliceye.2021年上海秋季高考英語真題1.你坐會兒，我來看管這六件行李。(look)Youcansitforawhile,andIwilllookafterthe/thesesixpiecesofluggage/baggage.2.打噴嚏時，務(wù)必用紙巾遮住口鼻。(Do)Docoveryourmouthandnosewithtissue/atissuewhenyouaresneezing.3.這位頭發(fā)花白的外交官與老友不期而遇，腦海中浮現(xiàn)出那段為理想而奮斗的青春歲月。(remind)Thegrey-haireddiplomatraninto/cameacross/encounteredanoldfriend,whichremindedhimofthedaysofhisyouthwhenhewasstrugglingforhisideal.Thegrey-haireddiplomatmetanoldfriendbyaccident,whichremindedhimoftheyouthfulyearsoffightingforideals.4.這位先驅(qū)者的故居是間不起眼的木屋，現(xiàn)正修復(fù)中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)Theformerresidenceofthepioneerisahumblewoodenhouse,whichisnowunderrestoration,andvisitorsarelikelytoseeitsreallookattheendofJune.2021年春季高考真題1.羽毛球館里空無一人，為什么燈還亮著？(howcome)Sincethereisnone/nooneinthebadmintonstadium,howcomethelightsarestillon?2.我花了三天時間畫這副風(fēng)景畫，來慶祝我曾祖父的百歲壽辰。(take)Ittookmethreedaystopaintthislandscapetocelebratethe100thbirthdayofmygreat-grandfather.3.在太空遨游一周后，載人飛船安全著陸，在那一刻，原本寂靜無聲的發(fā)射中心一片歡騰。(Theinstant)Theinstantthemannedspacecraftsafelylandedafteritsone-weekspacetravel,theoriginallysilentlaunchcenterburstinto/brokeintocheers.4.這條小河蜿蜒流淌，與世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，見證了這個村莊的日新月異。(company）Thewindingstreamthatkeepsthevillagerscompany,whohavelivedthereforgenerations,isawitnessof/haswitnessedtheconstantchangesofthisvillage.2020年上海春季高考英語真題1. 我們非常感激他們?yōu)楸Ｗo上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.2.正如這本小冊子介紹的那樣，這里的司機都有禮讓行人的習(xí)慣。(As)Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.3.每周三，這些大學(xué)生都會雷打不動地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepaper-cuttingandweaving/knitting.Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.4.這首歌在今年藝術(shù)節(jié)上首發(fā)時，因其旋律歡快，風(fēng)格詼諧引起轟動，但只是曇花一現(xiàn)。(when)Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen(itwas)firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandcomicstyle,butitdidn’tlastlong/butitlastedonly(for)averyshorttime/period.2020年秋季高考真題1. 你是否介意替我去開個會/參加會議？(substitute)Do/Wouldyoumind(your)substitutingmeforthemeeting?Do/Wouldyoumindifyousubstitutemeforthemeeting?2. 為了(能)讓媽媽好好休息，小王把水槽和碗櫥擦得干干凈凈。(Inorder...)Inordertomake/lethismotherhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangcleanthesinkandcupboardthoroughly.or: Inorderthathismothercouldhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangwipeddownthesinkandcupboard.3. 春暖花開的四月是領(lǐng)略/欣賞這個南方小鎮(zhèn)美景的最好時間/最佳時機。(when)Withflowersbloomingandtheweatherbeingwarm,Aprilisthebesttimetoappreciatethebeautyofthissoutherntown.4. 面對網(wǎng)店的挑戰(zhàn)，這家百年老店多措并舉，最終轉(zhuǎn)危為機，再創(chuàng)輝煌。(turn)Inthefaceof/Facing/Facedwiththechallengesfromtheonlinestore,thiscentury-oldstoretookvariousmeasuresatthesametime/takemultiplemeasures,andfinallyturnedthecrisisintoanopportunitytorecreatetheglory._____好題必測例1.我第一次寫英語作文時，犯了許多拼寫錯誤。(make)好題必測ThefirsttimeIwrotetheEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.該句是時間狀語從句，某些時間狀語從句由thefirsttime,eachtime,everytime和themoment等詞組引導(dǎo)，它們既有實實在在的意義又有連詞的作用，無需再與其他連詞連用。又如：他每次來，總是講給我們聽一些趣事。Every/Eachtimehecomes,healwaystellsussomethinginteresting.由于Every/Eachtime本身就是連接詞語，所以Every/Eachtime引導(dǎo)的從句，直接跟句子。例2.保護環(huán)境是每個公民的職責(zé)。(it…)Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoprotectourenvironment.這里it作形式主語，真正的主語是toprotectourenvironment。It作形式主語或形式賓語在翻譯中是個難點。再如：正是你的幫助使得我們有可能在旅游的季節(jié)住到一個中國人的家里。ItwasyourhelpthatmadeitpossibleforustostaywithaChinesefamilyduringthetouristseason.這里用it作形式賓語即makeitpossible的句型。而整個句子又是為“Itis/was…that…”的強調(diào)句式?？吹街形谋硎觥罢恰?，往往可能用到強調(diào)句。例3.彼得每月留出一點錢以便在不久的將來購買一輛新汽車。(setaside)Petersetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyanewcarinthenearfuture.該題考了sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，sothat后面有情態(tài)動詞的一般為目的狀語從句，沒有的一般為結(jié)果狀語從句。如：這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcan’tstandpartingwithit.該句考的是so+形容詞或副詞+that…的結(jié)果狀語從句。例4.不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.該句是讓步狀語從句，表示“無論……”的狀語從句可以翻譯成wh+ever或nomatter+how/what/when/where引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)。However后面應(yīng)該直接跟所修飾的形容詞或副詞，也可翻譯成：Nomatterhowlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.例5.這小孩太調(diào)皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So…)Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.本句主要考察so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。由于so大寫，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒裝。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻譯為bebusywithsth.或bebusydoing的短語，最后要注意成語或習(xí)語“心煩意亂”的表達，切記不要把成語或習(xí)語想的太復(fù)雜，學(xué)生除適當(dāng)?shù)乇骋恍┻@方面的表達，更要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上轉(zhuǎn)化成我們所熟悉的表達?？梢姺g不止考一個句型或某一特定的短語，它考察很全面，所以學(xué)生基本功要扎實。例6.無論風(fēng)多大、雨多急，警察一直堅守在崗位上。（nomatter…）Nomatterhowhardtherainfallsandthewindblows,thepolicekeeptotheirposts.本句考察的讓步狀語從句。Nomatter+特殊疑問詞和特殊疑問詞+ever都可表達。既然句中給的是nomatter…，就很容易讓學(xué)生聯(lián)想起讓步狀語從句?！帮L(fēng)多大、雨多急”看似簡單的短語，學(xué)生要靈活的把它們處理在一起?！皥允卦趰徫弧币髮W(xué)生多整理一些常用動詞和介詞或副詞搭配在一起的短語。例7.盡管遭受如此嚴重的自然災(zāi)害，但只要不灰心，我們終會克服暫時的困難。（Although)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaserious/severenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallysmoothaway/overcomethetemporarydifficultyaslongaswedon't/neverloseheart.

最后一個句子貌似比較難，因為句子比較長。但是，高考翻譯中的長句子都是紙老虎，大家只要判斷句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后用合適的連接詞（或者介詞短語，非謂語動詞等）把句子給連接起來，整個句子就搞定了。另外，本題對于基本詞匯和詞組的掌握又有所考查，如果考生對一些詞的翻譯不甚了解，可能會導(dǎo)致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暫時”這些詞的翻譯。在翻譯長句子時還有很重要的一點就是不要漏掉重要信息，這需要考生在翻譯時對句子的細節(jié)有精準的把握，翻譯完后再對照一下中英文意思，看有沒有遺漏重要信息。例8.盡管山高林密，醫(yī)護人員還是迅速地趕到出事地點，實施援救。（despite）Despitethehighmountainsandthickforests,thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccidentfortherescue/tocarryouttherescue.本題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和活用。“Despite”是介詞，所以后面應(yīng)接名詞、名詞短語或名詞性從句?！吧礁吡置堋笨勺g為“thehighmountainsandthick（dense）forests”?！皩嵤┚仍笔悄康?，但是也可以譯為表示伴隨情況的并列句。例9.那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。(It…)It’sveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.該句關(guān)鍵是掌握thosewho引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法。這里先行詞是those（指人），所以后面用who。例10.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。(...it...)Ifinditishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.“那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的”做定語放在中心詞前太長，處理成定語從句更為恰當(dāng)?！皐hoalwayssticktotheirownopinions”。_____高考題型組合練A高考題型組合練Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens(代金券)theyhadearnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent—iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhengiventheopportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudyinitiallyincluded74preschool-agechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin54mother-childpairswhosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.“Atbothages,childrenwithbetterphysiologicalregulationandwithmotherswhoexpressedstrongercompassionatelovewerelikelytodonatemoreoftheirearnings,”saidPaulHastings,UCDavisprofessorofpsychology.“Compassionatemotherslikelydevelopemotionallycloserelationshipswiththeirchildrenwhilealsoprovidinganearlyexampleofsatisfyingtheneedsofothers,”researcherssaidinthestudy,publishedinNovemberinFrontiersinPsychology”EmotionScience.Ineachlabexercise,afterattachingamonitortorecordchildren’sheart-rateactivity,theexaminertoldthechildrentheywouldbeearningtokensforavarietyofactivities,andthatthetokenscouldbeturnedinforaprize.Thetokenswereputintoabox,andeachchildeventuallyearned20prizetokens.Thenbeforethesessionended,childrenweretoldtheycoulddonateallorpartoftheirtokenstootherchildren.Takentogether,thefindingsshowedthatchildren’sgenerosityissupportedbythecombinationoftheirsocializationexperiences—theirmothers’compassionatelove—andtheirphysiologicalregulation,andthattheseworklike“internalandexternalsupportsfortheabilitytoactprosociallythatbuildoneachother”.Inadditiontoobservingthechildren’spropensity(習(xí)性)todonatetheirgameearnings,Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforce(加強)thegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”1．Howdoyoungchildrenlovedbytheirmothertendtobecomeinlateryears?A．Considerate. B．Emotional.C．Generous. D．Optimistic.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theprocessoftheresearch. B．Theresultoftheexperiment.C．Thereactionsofthechildren. D．TheimportanceofMom’slove.3．AccordingtoHastings,whatfactorcouldstrengthenchildren’sgoodbehaviors?A．Theirmomslovethemdeeply. B．Theydonatethetokenseasily.C．Theybehavephysiologically. D．Theyarecalmeraftersharing.4．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhatContributestoGenerosity?B．TheMoreYouGive,theCalmerYouWillBeC．DoYouPrefertoReceiveorGive?D．MoreGiving,LessReceiving【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹在小時候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。1．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過母親慈悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動。）可知，早期受到母親關(guān)愛的孩子后期往往變得更加慷慨。選項C與文意相符，故選C。2．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了對74名學(xué)齡前兒童進行的試驗。首先在實驗室針對兩種情況對他們進行模仿測試，兩年后又對這些母子的行為和反應(yīng)進行分析。說明本段介紹的是研究的過程。選項A與文意相符，故選A。3．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforcethegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”（Hastings認為，“分享后處于更平靜的狀態(tài)可以加強產(chǎn)生那種良好感覺的慷慨行為”）可知，分享后更平靜的狀態(tài)可以加強慷慨行為，選項D與文意相符，故選D。4．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperienced...generoustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過母親慈悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動。）可知，文章介紹的是小時候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。選項A與文意相符，故選A。BDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.【2022嘉定二模】CargoBikesBringHometheGoodsSincethefirstlockdown(封鎖),increasingnumbersofcompanieshavestarteddeliveringtheirproductsonelectriccargobikes.AccordingtotheBroughtbyBike,therearenearly450independentbusinessesandtradespeopleacrosstheUKdeliveringgoodstocustomersusingelectricityandpedal(踏板)power.TheBikeDropwasestablishedintheearlydaysofthepandemic(疫情)tohelpbusinessesstrugglingtoreachcustomers.“Therewasinterestassoonasweopened.Companieswantedtochoosethegreeneroptionfordeliverieswhilecustomerslovedhavingtheirshoppingdeliveredbybike—andwealllovehavingcleaner,quieter,saferstreets,”saidHarryMcKeown,themanagingdirectoroftheBikeDrop.Duringthefirstmonthoflockdownthegrocerysectorrecordeda91%increaseinhomedeliveries.McKeownsaiddemandfortheirdeliveryservicesstartedhighandhadcontinuedtoclimb.“Wesoonhad13employeesdeliveringitemsfor36localbusinesses,”hesaid.“Wenowhaveagroupofelectricbikesthathavemadeover6,500individualpickupsanddeliveriesforlocalbusinesses,cycledover10,000kilometersandsavedmorethan2,300kilosofCO2.”E-cargobikescanmovequicklythroughcitystreets,meaningtheyareabletodeliverpackages60%fasterthantheirvanequivalents.Theyarecleaner—savingabout90%incarbonemissions—quieter,andcuttrafficjamsasabikeusesasmallpartoftheroadspaceofavan.Therearealsoagrowingnumberofelectriccargobikescoveringremoteareas:CargodalestarteddeliveringinthevalleysofWestYorkshireandhasexperiencedabusinessboom.TheCargodaleco-founderBeateKubitzsaid:“Iliveinaruralareaandwhenlockdownhappenedandhomedeliveriesincreased,Isawparadesofvanscomingdownmylittlelane,destroyingthedelicat