專題十一 主謂一致

專題十一主謂一致真題熱身實(shí)踐提升

考點(diǎn)突破真題熱身()1.[2014·廣州改編]—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask? —Yes.Anothertendays______enough. A.is B.was C.are()2.[2014·樂山]—I'mhungry.______thereanybreadinthefridge,Mum? —None,butwehavecakes.Wouldyouliketohaveone? A.Is B.Are C.WillAA()3.[2013·廣東改編]NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar. A.be B.am C.are()4.[2013·福州]—Excuseme,sir,smoking______inthegasstation. —Oh,I'mreallysorry. A.doesn'tallow B.isn'tallowed C.aren'tallowedBB考點(diǎn)突破在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則主語和謂語的數(shù)通常是在語法形式上保持一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both…and…連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。2.不定代詞either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行車有什么毛病嗎？Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做好了準(zhǔn)備。3.由each,each…andeach…,every…andevery…,every…作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.給了每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩一本新書。4.主語后接有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。e．g.Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來北京。5.“anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹木被砍倒了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。6.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)＋名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)＋名詞”等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去過那兒。7.由“apair(akind,aseries…)＋

of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs(kinds…)＋

of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太陽鏡放在桌子上。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天制作15雙鞋。8.某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves…)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿壞了。9.不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)?！緦?duì)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)練】()1.[2013·烏魯木齊改編]EveryoneexceptTomandJohn______studyingforthefinaltestnow. A.are B.is C.were()2.[2013·上海改編]Alotofforeigners______familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina. A.am B.is C.areBC二、意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后面無冠詞),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老師兼作家下周要給我們做報(bào)告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。2.表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞、詞組作主語時(shí)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很長的時(shí)間。3.集體名詞(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government…)如果表示整體概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。4.people,police,cattle等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e．g.Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。5.算式中，表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Whatis/arethreetimesthree?3乘以3是多少？6.oneandahalf的后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；one＋單數(shù)名詞＋

and＋

ahalf作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e．g.Oneandahalfcakesareagoodmealforthemonkey.＝Onecakeandahalfisagoodmealforthemonkey.一個(gè)半蛋糕對(duì)猴子來說是一頓美餐。【對(duì)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)練】()3.—Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob? —Twodays______enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek. A.isn't B.aren't C.isA三、就近一致原則有時(shí)句子中主語由兩部分名詞構(gòu)成，而謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與靠近它的名詞一致，這種原則叫做就近原則，也叫做鄰近原則。1.由either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…but(also)…,not…but…或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與較近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。e．g.NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望見到我叔叔。2.Therebe…和Herebe…這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。e