培根筑基10-課下全面練必修第二冊(cè)UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS

培根筑基10■?課下全面練必修第二冊(cè)UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSI.閱讀理解A[2022??？谑懈呖颊{(diào)研考試]Enjoyamazing360-degreeviewsoverLondonfromtheLondonEye,arotating（旋轉(zhuǎn)的）observationwheelwhichis135metershigh.Spotsomeofthecapital'smostfamouslandmarks,includingBigBen,theHousesofParliamentandBuckinghamPalace.HowlongdoesittaketogetroundtheLondonEye?Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon.Youcanskipmostofthequeueswithafast-trackticket.WhereistheLondonEyeandhowdoIgetthere?TheLondonEyeislocatedontheSouthBankoftheRiverThames.ThenearestlubestationisWaterloo,butCharingCross,WestminsterandEmbankmentarealsoashortwalkaway.SeveralbusroutesstopneartheLondonEye.HowtobookLondonEyetickets?TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit.PricesChildticket:From￡23.00perticket.Adultticket:From￡28.00perticket.Childrenunderthreeyearsoldenterfree.OpeninghoursTheLondonEyeopeningtimevariesthroughouttheyear.Typicallytheattractionopensat10am.andclosesbetween6pmand8：30pm.Makesureyoucheckitbeforeyourvisittogetthebestexperience.ImportantinformationWeencourageyoutoarriveattheattractionasearlyaspossible,inordertoallowmoretimeforsecuritychecks.PleasenoteitemsthatCANandCANNOTsaidonboard.WhatdoweknowabouttheLondonEye?Ithasfixedopeninghours.Noqueuingisneededtotakeit.Arideonitlakesabouthalfanhour.ItliessomedistanceawayfromWaterloo.WhatisamusttopayavisittotheLondonEye?Bookingticketsonlineinadvance.Takingnoitemsonboard.Beingaccompaniedbyanadult.Arrivingattheattractionahead.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeirsonaged5anddaughteraged2paytovisittheLondonEye?A.Atleast￡56.B.Atleast￡74.C.Atleast￡79.D.Atleast￡102.BAsapopularsubjectofstudyamongevolutionaryecologists,thethree-spinedstickleback（三刺魚(yú)）isknownfortheirdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviours—theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Butwhatmakesthat?Theresearcherstrackedsixpopulationsofthefishbeforeandafterseasonalchangestotheirenvironment,usinggenomesequencing（基因組測(cè)序）.Seasonalchangesresultingreatchangesinhabitatstructureandbalanceofsaltandfreshwater,andonlythosefishabletotoleratetheserapidchangessurviveintothenextseason.“Thesechangesprobablyresemblethehabitatshiftsexperiencedbysticklebackpopulationsduringthepast10,000years,“saysProfessorBarrett."Wehopetogaininsightintothegeneticchangesthatmayhaveresultedfromnaturalselectionlonginthepast.”Remarkably,theresearchersdiscoveredtheevidenceofgeneticchangesdrivenbytheseasonalshiftsinhabitats,whichmirroredthedifferencesfoundbetweenlong-establishedfreshwaterandsaltwaterpopulations.“Thesegeneticchangesoccurredinindependentpopulationsoverasingleseason,highlightingjusthowquicklytheeffectsofnaturalselectioncanbedetected,MsaysProfessorBarrett,4ithefindingssuggestthatwemaybeabletousethegeneticdifferencestopredicthowpopulationsmayadapttothecnvironmcnt.^^Theresearchemphasizestheimportanceofstudyingspeciesindynamicenvironmentstogainabetterunderstandingofhownaturalselectionoperates.Inthefurtherresearch,theyplantoinvestigatehowrepeatabletheobservedgeneticchangesare,bytestingwhethertheyshowupyearafteryear.Doingsowoulddemonstratetheirabilitytoreliablyforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulations.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that"refertoinParagraph1?Thethree-spinedsticklebackisunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Thethree-spinedsticklebackispopularwithevolutionaryecologists.Thethree-spinedsticklebackcanadapttodifferentlivingconditions.Thethree-spinedsticklebackhasdifferentshapes,size,andbehaviours.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?Thedifficultiesoftheresearch.Thepurposeoftheresearch.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.Themethodsoftheresearch.Whatisthemainreasonforthethree-spinedstickleback'ssurvival?Habitatshifts.Geneticchanges.Seasonalchanges.Independentpopulations.Whywillscientistsstudytherepetitionofthegeneticchanges?Toknowwhatnaturalselectionis.Tostudyspeciesindynamicenvironments.Totestthereliabilityofthepresentdiscoveries.Toforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofcertainspecies.n.七選五[2022?成都市第三次診斷|Ilcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.]Here'swhatyoucando：Becomeself-aware.2Thisincludesbias（偏見(jiàn)）aboutyourownculturalbackground.Itcanbechallenging,butbydoingthisyou'llbeabletothinkabouthowthesetraitsmightimpactonyourapproachtounderstandingdifferences.Youcouldtry:Thinkaboutwhatassumptionsyoumakeaboutyourfriends,peers,andpeopleyouworkwith.Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.Tryandgettoknowsomeonefromadifferentculturalbackgroundbetter.3You'llautomaticallyfindoutmoreabouttheirlifeandexperiences.Justbeingcuriousandopen-mindedcanbehelpful.Bemoreaccepting.Sometimes,foronereasonoranother,it'snotallthateasytounderstandsomeculturaldifferences.4Inotherwords,youdon*thavetounderstand,orevenagreewithsomeoneinordertoacceptthem.5Oneofthebiggestdifficultiestoovercomeinunderstandingculturaldifferencesismakingjudgmentsbasedononeopinion.Youshoulddosomeresearchtoactuallylearnaboutpeople,insteadofmakingbroad-brushassessments.Stereotyping（對(duì)形成模式化的看法）peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpacttheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.Doyourownresearch.Thinkbeyondstereotypes.Practicebeingsympathetictowardspeople.Workoutyourownbeliefs,valuesandpersonalbias.Insteadofaskingthemquestionsdirectly,treatthemasfriends.Andthebestapproachistoacknowledgepeoplearedifferentandtoacceptthatisokay.However,tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore.in.語(yǔ)法填空[2022?東北三校模擬]InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysin1.rushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.2.theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeatacosttothem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm(算法).Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life3.(situation),suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,4.(put)notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedtheplatformsandaskedthemtoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.5.response,Elcmeannouncedthatitwouldaddabuttontotheapp,6.allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore7.(heat)debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiConsumerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould8.(settle)betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability9.(allow)moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot10.(full)addresstheproblems.詳解答案I.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類型：應(yīng)用文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——旅游——倫敦眼【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文不僅介紹了參觀倫敦眼需要注意的一些事項(xiàng)以及不同年齡群體的票價(jià)，還介紹了倫敦眼的其他相關(guān)信息。.答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon”可知，答案為C項(xiàng)。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)HowtobookLondonEyetickets?中的“TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit”可知，此處must對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的amust。故選A項(xiàng)。.答案與解析：C考查簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算的能力。根據(jù)Prices部分中提供的信息可知，兩個(gè)成人至少需要56英鎊，五歲兒子至少需要23英鎊，兩歲女兒免費(fèi)。故答案為C。B語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)——三刺魚(yú)通過(guò)基因改變適應(yīng)環(huán)境【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了研究人員通過(guò)跟蹤記錄發(fā)現(xiàn)，三刺魚(yú)可以在不同的環(huán)境中存活是由于其基因改變。.答案與解析：C考查理解詞匯的能力。代詞一般指代上文中提到的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，that指代上文中的“theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures"。故C項(xiàng)”它們可以適應(yīng)不同的生存環(huán)境”正確。.答案與解析：D考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“研究人員利用基因組測(cè)序，在它們生存環(huán)境季節(jié)性變化前后跟蹤記錄了6個(gè)種群的魚(yú)類”可知，本段主要講到了研究方法。故D項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：B考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的“Remarkably,theresearchers...theseasonalshiftsinhabitats”可推知，三刺魚(yú)之所以能夠生存下去,其主要原因就在于為了生存所做的基因改變。故B項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：D考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Doingsowould...theevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulalions”可知，科學(xué)家研究基因改變的重復(fù)是為了預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)某些物種的進(jìn)化前景。故D項(xiàng)正確。H.七選五語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——人際溝通——文化差異【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要論述了幾種降低文化差異影響、讓交流溝通更和諧的方法，包括了解自己、與來(lái)自不同文化背景的人交談和不要觀念固化等。.答案與解析：G考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)上句可知，堅(jiān)持你所知道的而不是去結(jié)識(shí)與你不同的人，這很容易。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，起到承上啟下的作用，說(shuō)明盡力理解來(lái)自其他國(guó)家的人可以給你帶來(lái)好處。所以G選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.答案與解析：D考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該段首句“Becomeself-aware”可知，該段主要陳述要了解自己；根據(jù)空處下句“Thisincludesbias（偏見(jiàn)）aboutyourownculturalbackground”可知，這包括對(duì)自己文化背景的偏見(jiàn)。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處應(yīng)與偏見(jiàn)有關(guān)。D項(xiàng)中的“bias”與空處下句中的“bias”對(duì)應(yīng)。故D項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：E考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空處下句可知，你會(huì)自然而然地了解到更多關(guān)于他們的生活和經(jīng)歷的信息。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，空處應(yīng)說(shuō)要像朋友一樣對(duì)待他們，而不是直接問(wèn)他們問(wèn)題。故E項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：F考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該段首句“Bemoreaccepting”可知，該段主要建議要接受對(duì)方的不同。根據(jù)空處下句可知，你不需要理解甚至贊同某人就可以接受他們。據(jù)此可知，空處應(yīng)說(shuō)要承認(rèn)人們是不同的并接受這一點(diǎn)。故F項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：B考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的主旨句。根據(jù)前文第二、三、四段首句可知，該句為祈使句；根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要說(shuō)明不要對(duì)來(lái)自不同文化背景的人形成模式化的看法，B項(xiàng)中的“stereo