2016年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

2016年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考Section UseofReadthefollowing text.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper. firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-term formakinginvestmentsfortheTheresearcherswanted toknow thatcome thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities'averagehappiness byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas. enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareaintheywere .Butitisreallyhappinessthat'slinked toinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappier whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious mightmakefirmsmorelikelyto —likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthata happinessand 12 evenafteraccountingforthesethings.The betweenhappinessand was strong firms, managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore seemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality. thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveit atleast atthatpossibility. It'snothardtoimagine thatlocal cultureandsentimentwould howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A]In[B]In[C]In[D]In3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][D]13.[A][B][C]14.[A][B][C]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A]pray[B]lean[C]give[D]sendSection ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextIt'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege."Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience."However",Cortinasaid,"earlyexposureisbeneficial."Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theythatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem esnormal."Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,"Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,wherecomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsTheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcamps epopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but"wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin,"saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelosuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.Thestudentsinthe class won'tdropoutofhighschooland the Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe"RubyonRails"languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket."Buttheskillstheylearn —howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,"saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasier completefuturejobremodelthewayofformulatelogicalperfectartworkIndeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsidered careerDeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill [A].helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages[B].havetobeupgradedwhennewneedimprovingwhenstudentslookforenablestudentstomakebigquickAccordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpected competewithafuturearmyofstaylongerintheinformationtechnologyebetterpreparedforthedigitalized2bringforthinnovativecomputerTheword"coax"(Para.6)isclosestinmeaning Text estimatethatasmanyas2million lesserprairiechickens—akind ofbirdliving onstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechicken isinadesperatesituation," saidUSFWSDirector Ashe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas"endangered,"astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe"threatened" taggavethefederal totry outnew,potentially conservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstate whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken's theplan, theagency prosecutelandowner businessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividuals andbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,jobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustry groups,four states,andthreeenvironmental groupsarechallenging infederal court.Not industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;enviornmentalistsdoesn'tgofarenough."Thefederal ernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,"saysbiologistJayLininger.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatened itsdrasticallydecreasedtheunderestimateofthegrasslandadesperateappealfromsometheinsistenceofprivateThe"threatened"tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit [A]wasagive-into ernmentalpressurewouldinvolvefeweragenciesingrantedlessfederalregulatorywentagainstconservationItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedif agreetopayasumforvolunteertosetupanequallybigoffertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringpromisetoraisefundsforUSFWSAccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespecieslies the thewildlifethetheJayLiningerwouldmostlikely industrythewin-win3theplanunderThateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisaclichThere'sneveranytimetoread.

Text.ButonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallyWhatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient. web'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes".Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn'twork.Sitdowntoreadandflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinningorelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthing need.Themodernmind, Parks,anovelist andcritic, ?Iitsnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption".Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelyby ingmoreefficient.Infact," ingmoreefficient" ispartoftheproblem.Thinking oftimeasaresourcetobe meansyouapproachitinstrumentally; anygivenmomentaswell spentonlyinsofarasit progresstoward somegoalimmersive reading,by dependsonbeingwilling goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou'llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading —useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind."Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearly infiniteconveyorbelt,"writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and"wefeelapressureto thesedifferent- bottles(days,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithout beingfilled, wewill havewastedthem".Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus"stepoutsidetime'sflow"into"soultime".Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canactuallywork,too —providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading esthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedrop backdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread",butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'twork whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivewhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwithwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeThe"emptybottles"metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressure updatetheirto-domakepassingtimecarrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereadingEberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreading developonlinereadingpromoteritualisticachieveimmersive"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canwork esyourprimarybusinessoftheallthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtyouareabletodropbacktobusinessaftertimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandThebesttitleforthistextcould HowtoEnjoyEasyHowtoFindTimetoHowtoSetReadingHowtoRead4TextAgainstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionaltonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandold agreeonwhatconstitutesthe lineofa life,theyoffer pathsreachingYoungpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlife weremorelikely thanolderadultstoprioritize intheirwork,tobelievetheywill advancetheircareersmostbyregularly changingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunity andfamily, thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelming majoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife"faceatoughergood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid."Ican'taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,"Schneidersaid,"Idon'tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore."Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeistryingoutdifferenthavingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusinessItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletend favoraslowerlifeholdanoccupationattachimportancetopre-maritalgiveprioritytochildcareoutsidetheTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoung eincreasinglyfocusonmaterialisticdependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlifeBothyoungandoldagree good-payingjobsarelesstheoldmademorelifehousingloanstodayareeasytogettingestablishedisharderfortheWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromHisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforHisparents'goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegeHethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitePartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-G5eachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)BeHaveExpressyourDon'toverthinkBeeasilyNoticeAskforAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanartandforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheir andusuallymoreeffectively thanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.that'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeel y,and —againlikechildren—AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,bigger houseorbettercarwill bethemagicsilverbulletthatwill allowustofinally content,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewell-Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffenfection,allofwhich,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels.Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith payments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompleyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)—itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardt