現(xiàn)在完成時2 (恢復(fù))

學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的區(qū)別

1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別2）have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin的區(qū)別。延續(xù)性動詞與終止性動詞動詞按其動作發(fā)生方式，動作發(fā)生過程的長短，分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示的是一種延續(xù)的動作，這種動詞可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示的動作發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。leave,start,setout,arrive,reach,getto,begin,stop,shut,turnoff,marry,put,puton,getup,wake,fall,join,receive,finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give,jump,buy,borrow等。終止性動詞的用法1)終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作的完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Theplanehasarrived.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2)終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以現(xiàn)在完成時（肯定式）不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：不能說Hehascomehereforthreemonths.應(yīng)該說Hehasbeenhereforthreemonths.3)短暫性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已成為一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：Ihaven’theardformhimfortwoweeks.Hehasn’tleftheresince1990.4)在while(表示‘一段時間’)引導(dǎo)的從句中，不能用短暫性動詞，但when可以，因?yàn)閣hen可表示時間點(diǎn)，也可表示時間段誤：WhileIgottothevillage,itwasdark.正：WhenIgottothevillage,itwasdark.5)短暫性動詞的肯定式的完成時不能和howlong連用。如：誤：Howlonghaveyouborrowthebook?正：Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?正：Whendidyouborrowthebook?延續(xù)性動詞的用法1)延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，可以與時間段連用：Ihavewaitedforhimfornearlytwohours.2)延續(xù)性動詞不可以與時間點(diǎn)連用誤：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.正：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.延續(xù)性動詞的用法當(dāng)表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)時,延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用.

for+since+since+since+

1.這輛自行車我已買了三年了。

I___________thebike______threeyears.I___________thebike_____threeyears______.

2.他去年參軍了。

He_______________thearmy______lastyear.He_____________________ofthearmy______twoyears.的過去分詞表狀態(tài)的詞延續(xù)性動詞havehas主語+一段時間時間起點(diǎn)一段時間+ago一般過去時的從句havehadforhavehadsinceagohasbeeninsincehasbeenamemberfor重點(diǎn)句型:

Itis/hasbeen+段時間+since從句

段時間+haspassed+since從句

他死了兩年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.

含since的典型句子:It’s(hasbeen)+一段時間+since從句(過去時)一段時間

+

haspassed

+since從句(過去時)

It’shalfanhour_____he______here.（到達(dá)）Halfanhour___________sincehe_____here.2.____twelveyears_____she_____.（去世）Twelveyears___________sinceshe_____.

sincearrivedhaspassed

gotIt’ssincediedhaspasseddiedIhavebought

thispenfortwomonths.Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyou_____thispen?hadTheplayhasbegunforanhour.hasbeenonforanhour.2.區(qū)分短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞.

表示瞬間性的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能和一段時間連用.即for,since短語或howlong問句.試比較每組中哪個是正確的：Hehascomehereforsevenyears.Hehasbeenhereforsevenyears.

Thisfactoryhasopenedforseveralyears.Thisfactoryhasbeen

open

forseveralyears.

Helenhasborrowedthebookforamonth.Helenhaskeptthebookforamonth.

FTFTFT這本書我已借了五天。1.Ihaveborrowedthebookforfivedays.2.Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.3.Iborrowedthebookfivedays.ago.FTT她回家來有兩年時間。1.Shehascomehomefortwoyears.2.Shecamehometwoyearsago.3.Shehasbeenbackhomefortwoyears.4.Itistwoyearssinceshecamebackhome.FTTT課開始五分鐘了。Theclasshasbegunfor5minutes.Theclasshasbeenonfor5minutes.Theclassbegan5minutesago.FTT他死了一周.1.Hehasdiedforaweek.2.Hehasbeendeadforaweek.3.Hehasdiedsinceaweekago.4.Itisaweeksincehedied.FTFT她離開家已有兩年時間。1.Shehaslefthomefortwoyears.2.Shelefthometwoyearsago.3.Shehasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears.4.Itistwoyearssinceshelefthome.FTTT他參軍已有一個月的時間。1.Hejoinedthearmyamonthago.2.Hehasjoinedthearmyforamonth.3.Hehasbeenasoldierforamonth.4.Itisamonthsincehejoinedthearmy.TFTT我這支筆已買了五年1.Ihaveboughtthepenforfiveyears.2.Ihavehadthepenforfiveyears.3.Iboughtthepenfiveyearsago.他來這里一小時了Hehascomehereforanhour.Hehasbeenhereforanhour.FTTFT瞬間動作不能與表示一段時間的短語連用，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動詞。√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.

Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他們來這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入團(tuán)兩年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.這個人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。請判斷非延續(xù)性動詞同“for”和“since”的狀語連用具體變化如下：

open---beopenclose---beclosedleave---beaway(from)begin/start---beonbuy---haveborrow---keep

join---beindie---bedeadmarry---bemarriedbecome---beHehascomeback.Hehasbeenbackforaweek.Hehasbeenbacksinceaweekago.Hecamebackaweekago.Itisaweeksincehecameback.

常見終止性動詞:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.終止性動詞要表示持續(xù)時,可用以下方法:

⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段+ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.

我弟弟參軍兩年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點(diǎn)/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞或延續(xù)性動詞將暫短性動詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或短語和一段時間連用，其常用的方法有：a.用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換的主要有：buyhaveborrowkeepcome/go/becomebecatch/getacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowbe+名詞

jointhePartybeaPartymembergotoschoolbeastudentbe+形容詞/副詞

leavebeaway（from)diebedeadputonbeonfinish/endbeoverbegin/startbeoncomebehere/infallasleepbeasleepgooutbeoutd.be+介詞短語

gotoschoolbein/atschooljointheArmybeintheArmy

leave—beenawayfrombuy—haveborrow—keepdie—bedeadgetup—beupputon—beoncome/getback—bebackgototown—beintownlose—bemissingcatchacold—haveacoldclose—beclosed/notopenopen—beopenfallill/asleep—beill/asleepbegin/start—beonget/receivealetterfrom—havealetterfrom

cometo—behere/therearrivein（at）/getto/reach——behere/therejointhearmy-------beinthearmy/beasoldierjointheLeague---beintheLeague/bealeaguemember延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納。吉姆買了這只鋼筆兩年了。buy----haveJimhashadthispenfortwoyears.Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispensince2003.ItistwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.

Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth/sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.這本書我借了一個月了?，F(xiàn)在完成時中延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞英語動詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續(xù)性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點(diǎn)動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段,since+時間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句summary1.我買了這塊手表五年了。2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendead

fortenyears/since10yearsago.FFT3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.FFF這輛車我已買了有三年了.老師離開半小時了.

我叔叔去英國十年了.我妹妹借這本書兩天了.他入團(tuán)兩年了.Ihavehadthiscarforthreeyears.Theteacherhasbeenawayforhalfanhour.MyunclehasbeeninEnglandfortenyears.Mysisterhaskeptthisbookfortwodays.Hehasbeenin

theLeaguefortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.練習(xí)延續(xù)性動詞與終止性動詞終止性動詞不可延續(xù),所以不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用.誤:I’veleftmyhometownfor10years.正:I’vebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years.誤:Hehasborrowedthisbookforaweek.正:Hehaskeptthisbookforaweek.

但它們的否定式可以與一段時間狀語連用.Eg.Ihaven’tboughtanynewclothesforthreemonths.但如果現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語動詞是點(diǎn)動詞（短暫性動詞）的否定形式，則一般可以和表示一段時間的for短語連用。如：Myparentshaven’tseenmefortwoyears.我的父母兩年沒見到我了。注意1.—HowlongcanI____thisbook?—Twoweeks

A.borrowB.keepC.lend2.Herfather___in1990andherhusband___formorethanfiveyears.

A.hasdied,hasdiedB.hasdied,deadC.died,hasbeendead3.Ihave___thisnicewatchfortwoyears.

A.hadB.boughtC.borrowed

4.He___hishomefortenyears.

A.hasleftB.wasawayfromC.hasbeenawayfrom5.He___aLeaguememberforthreeyears.

A.isB.hasbeenC.hasbecame

6.Lihua'sbrotherhas___fortwoyears.

A.joinedthearmyB.beeninthearmyC.becameasoldier

7.Hehasn't____fromGuangzhoueversinceheleftschool

A.leftB.beenawayC.beenleft8.Betty___herefortwohours.She___hereat8:00thismorning.

A.hasbeen;cameB.hasbeen;hascomeC.was;came9.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.

A.beganB.hasbeenonC.hasbegun

10.Youaretoolate.Theshop___formanyhours.

A.closedB.hasbeenclosedC.hasclosed

11.Mary___Tomin2000.They___for8years.

A.married;havebeenmarriedB.married;havemarriedC.marries;havebeenmarried

Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?It’scleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.homework8.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.9.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.10.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?11.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeento

have/hasbeeninHave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeento

have/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；have/hasbeento:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。have/hasbeento表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來。

例如：IhavebeentotheGreatWall.我去過長城。have/hasgoneto表示某人去了某地，這個人已經(jīng)不在此地，還沒有回來。例如：Youcan'tfindher.ShehasgonetoBeijing.你找不到她。她到北京去了。Theyhavebeentothefarm.Theyhavegonetothefarm.Haveyoubeentothenorth?Hehasgonetothenorth.他們?nèi)ミ^農(nóng)場。（已返回）他們?nèi)マr(nóng)場了。（未返回）你去過北方嗎（問一個現(xiàn)在不在北方的人）他去了北方。（他現(xiàn)在在北方，或在去那里的路上）have/hasbeen

in/at

have/hasbeenin/at(指小地方)

強(qiáng)調(diào)在某地住過多長時間，不顧及主語現(xiàn)在是否在此地。

e.g.Howlonghaveyoubeeninthisschool?

你在這所學(xué)校多長時間了？

Hehasbeeninourcityforfivemonths.Where’she?He’sgonetoShanghai.HowmanytimeshasMilliebeentoBeijing?Once./Twice./Threetimes.SandyhasgonetoBeijing,soyoucan’tfindher.We’vebeeninTokyofortwoyears.have/hasgoneto…

have/hasbeenin…

have/hasbeento…

1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento

BAABB

stay

A練一練：1.Whereisyourfather?He_______________London.2.Howmanytimes_____you__________Beijing?Never.3.Ican’tfindyourmother.Oh,she____________thecinema.4.I_____never__________France.havebeentohasgonetohavebeentohasgoneto1.Haveyouever__________Shanghai?2.WhereisLucy?Shehas________thelab.3.Lucyhasbeen_____Chinasince5yearsago.4.IhavegonetoJapan.()判斷5.ThesceneryofLeyeisverybeautiful,Ihavebeentheretwice.()havebeento曾經(jīng)去過某地（已返回）havegoneto去了某地（沒有回來）havebeenin+時間段在某地多久了beentogoneto×in√要點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)區(qū)別：

(1)_____youever_____toBeijing?No,_______.(2)WhereisMike?He__________toBeijingalready.(3)Where______you________?Icouldn’tfindyou.(4)_____youruncle______totheGreatWallyet?No,he______./__________.He’sleavingtomorrow.(5)MrSmith_______________Japanforthreeyears.havebeentohavegonetohavebeenin注意：地點(diǎn)副詞here/there/home/abroad等前省略to.翻譯：1、他出國了。_______________________________

2、他出過國。_______________________________Havebeenneverhasgone

have

beenHas

gonehasn’tNotyethasbeeninHehasgoneabroad.

Hehasbeenabroad.表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”（在眼前，人已回）表示“已經(jīng)去某地去了”（不在眼前人未回）表示去了且還在那(和for,since,Howlong連用)短語辨析短語have(has)beeninhave(has)beentohave(has)goneto意義例句他來上海已經(jīng)有10年了.他去過上海3次.他去了上海還沒有回來.HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.HehasgonetoShanghaiandhaven’tcomebackyet.在某地（多長時間）現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與時段連用。曾去過某地（…次）現(xiàn)在已不在那里?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用，去了…還沒有回來1.—MayIspeaktoKen?—Sorry,heisout.He___seehisteacher,

A.goestoB.hasbeentoC.hasgoneto2.Ourteacher__heresince2004.

A.hasbeeninB.hasbeentoC.hasbeen3.—Haveyouever___Huangshan?—Yes,I’vebeentheretwice.

A.beentoB.beeninC.goneto

4.—Where’sDaming?—He____theteachers’office.

A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasgoneto

例句分析:

例1.MissGreenisn‘tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen

例2.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento

Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen

簡析：“have/hasgoneto+地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/hasbeenin+地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示時間的狀語連用?！癶ave/hasbeento+地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）?！惫世?、2的正確答案皆為A。

AA1.Sheisn’therenowbecauseshe____thezoo.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasgoneto2.TheGreens_____Guilintwice.D.havegonetoA.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.hasbeenin3.Lilyhasmadelotsoffriendssinceshe___here.A.comeB.hasbeenC.cameD.coming4.Myparents______inBeijingsince1995.A.arelivingB.havelivedC.livedD.willlive5.Hisgrandma______for2years.WasdiedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadexerciseChoosetherightanswers.1、ThetwinscanspeakgoodChinesebecausethey_________Chinafor6years.AhavebeentoBhavecometoChavebeeninDhavegoneto2、UncleWang_______infactorysinceitopenedin1989.AworksBworkedChasworkedDhaveworked3、_________haveyoulivedinBeijing?AHowsoonBHowoftenCHowmuchDHowlong4、He's_________backhomesince3daysago.AcomeBgotCbeenDget5、Heneverhaslunchathome,_____he?Ahasn'tBhasCdoesn'tDdoesCCCDD

6、----WhereisTom?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.----He______backforaholiday.A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.willgo7、I_______himsincewe________children.Aknew,wereB.haveknown,wereC.know,areD.haveknown,are8、It__________morethantwoyearssinceshelefthome.A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.be9、Morethantwomonths________sinceMrSmithcamehere.A.haspassedB.havepassedC.haspastD.havepast10、----_________hasthemovie________?----Eversincetwenty-fiveminutesago.A.Howsoon,begunB.Howlong,begunC.Howsoon,beenonD.Howlong,beenonCCBAD1.MissLiuisn’tintheoffice.

She_______tothelibrary.2.Where_____you_____?

I_________tothehotel.3.Myuncle________toBeijing

tohaveameeting.He_______

theremanytimes.hasgonehavebeenhavebeenhasgonehasbeen用have(has)been/have(has)gone填空4.LinTao________backtohis

hometownandwon’tbeback

untilSeptember.

5.Howmanytimes__________

totheUSA?No,never.

6.Where’she?He_________to

theteachers’office.

7.Heknowsitverywellbecause

he________theremanytimes.hasgonehaveyoubeenhasgonehasbeen同義句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.MyfatherjoinedthePartyten

yearsago.

Myfatherhas_______the

Party____tenyears.2.LucycameheretenminutesagoLucy_______heresinceten

minutesagobeeninforhasbeen3.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.

I________thebookaweekago.4.JimhasbeeninChinafor3

years.

Jim______China_________.5.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfora

year.It__oneyear____theoldman___.borrowedcameto3yearsagoissincedied6.Iboughtanewbiketwoweeks

ago.

I________anewbike___two

weeks.7.MissYangcametoourschool

in1990.MissYang__________our

school_____1990.havehadforhasbeeninsince8.Heleftheretwoweeksago.He__________for______.9.Weborrowedsomestorybooks

thedaybeforeyesterday.We________somestory

books_______days.hasbeenawaytwoweekshavekeptfortwo10.Lucyhasbeeninourteam

sincelastmonth.Lucy_____ourteam_______

____.11.Hehasbeenawayfromhome

foraweek.

He___home__________.joinedamonthleftaweekagoagoHomework翻譯下列句子1她曾經(jīng)去過上海。2他在上海10年了。

3他去上海了。4Tom在哪兒？他去書店買書了。5我在北京待了5年了。6Jack去過上海兩次了用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.8.whereisJim?He

Wuhan.9.Myparents

theGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.10.youever

totheHappyvalley?11Howlong

Peter

theWestHillfarm?12Mysister

theshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.13She