unit3-grammar-賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句

NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語(yǔ)從句)AppositiveClause（同位語(yǔ)從句）ObjectClause（賓語(yǔ)從句）PredicativeClause（表語(yǔ)從句）名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句That/wh-clause+v+…主語(yǔ)從句S+be/link.v+that/wh-clause表語(yǔ)從句S+vt+that/wh-clause賓語(yǔ)從句S+vi+prep+wh-clause賓語(yǔ)從句

(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞):從屬連詞(不作成分）連接代詞（作成分）連接副詞（作狀語(yǔ)）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,whyIknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句連詞從句主語(yǔ)

從句謂語(yǔ)

主句（復(fù)合句）什么是賓語(yǔ)？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?

賓語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者介詞后一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，位置：通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.Idon’tknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.二、賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài)不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞that

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞whether,if

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（一）引導(dǎo)詞123e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.Hesaid(that)______________________.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句注：that在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略aroundthesun引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that一般都可以省去，但是當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。Theteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.that——不能省略的2種情況（1）當(dāng)that作介詞except,in

賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthat

heislivinginBeijing.

（2）用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)（it常可以放在動(dòng)詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)——that從句則放在句尾）

IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.由從屬連詞whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?

if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，說(shuō)明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)

MrLiliveshere只能用whether不能用if的情況1.在介詞后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedabout

whetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在動(dòng)詞不定式前(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.當(dāng)與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時(shí):Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.賓語(yǔ)從句提前時(shí)：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Iwonder___________heiswell.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether由連接代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow____________________3.Heasked________________________

whocouldanswerthequestion

whomtheyarewaitingfor

whosebikewasthebestintheclass連接代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?

whenwe’llhaveameeting

whereheis

howIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate二、語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分

Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

主句+連接詞+從句（主+謂+其他成分）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。翻譯句子Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認(rèn)為你今天無(wú)法完成工作。

我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為你是錯(cuò)的。

Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.

Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、時(shí)態(tài)主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。2.如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.賓語(yǔ)從句

三要素時(shí)態(tài)Summary(小結(jié)）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞分為三種：A．表示特征和狀態(tài)：

be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等

B．表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)：

get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等C．表示某種狀態(tài)的：

remain,keep,prove,continue,stay等表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句就是從句在主句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”只用“whether”

而不用“if”試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?(表從)(定從)(定從)注意1：that/what的辨用1.______hewantsisabook.2.____hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.4.Hetoldus______hefeltill.WhatThatwhat（that）5.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

6.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

7.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.thatwhatwhatthat9.Hisfatherissatisfiedwith_____hehasdone.10.Thereasonwas______Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank-note.whatthat1.that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用2.what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或表語(yǔ)。Ruleswhether與if的辨用1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idon’tknowwhetheritisrightornot.1.在由形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句及在vt后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whether…ornot和whethertodo中whether不能換成ifRules1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichDA

Practice3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatBC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.

A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whath