高中英語必修一第二課

以-ly結尾的形容詞friendly友好的lovely可愛的likely可能的motherly母親般的brotherly兄弟般的weekly每周的monthly每月的daily每天的lively,live,living,alive辨析lively(adj)生動活潑的，多作定語，修飾人或物e.g.Charliehasaverylivelyimagination.live(adj)活著的（作前置定語，多修飾動物）（adj&adv）現場直播的\地（v）居住，生存，活著e.g.Theywanttostoptheexportoflivesheepandcattle.living(adj)活著的，可作定語和表語e.g.Thesunaffectsalllivingthings.alive(adj)活著的，是表語形容詞，強調狀態(tài)，也可作后置定語或補足語。e.g.Shehadtostealfoodjusttostayalive.patient(adj)有耐心的，能忍耐的bepatientwithsb對某人有耐心e.g.Louisewasverypatientwithme.patient(n)病人patience(n)耐心Bepatient!耐心點兒beoutofpatiencewith…耐不住…h(huán)avenopatiencewith…不能容忍…beyondone’spatience令人無法忍受的

strict(adj)嚴格的，嚴厲的bestrictwithsb.對某人要求嚴格e.g.Thestuartsareverystrictwiththeirson.bestrictaboutsth.對某事要求嚴格e.g.She’sverystrictaboutthingslikehomework.strictly(adv)嚴格地strictlyspeaking嚴格說來assincebecausefor辨析as語氣最弱，只說明一般的因果關系，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，不如since正式e.g.Asitwasgettinglate,Iturnedaroundtostartforhome.since語氣比because稍弱，表示已為人知的原因，強調關系上的自然結果，不是句子的重點，意為既然，鑒于，往往放在主句之前。e.g.Sinceyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomenelse.because語氣最強，著重說明原因或理由，是句子的重點，在回答why的問句和用于強調句型時，必須用because而不用as,since或for.e.g.Whycan’tIgo?Becauseyou’renotoldenough.for并列連詞，連接一個表原因的并列分局，不能放在句首，只要放在兩個并列句之間，表示附加說明或推斷的理由。e.g.Billwasprobablyill,forhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.sothat因此，所以，為了，以便e.g.Hestandsupsothathecanlookattheblackboard.so…that…如此…以至于e.g.Hewassoweakthathecouldhardlystandup.so+adj\adv+thatso+adj+a\an+可數名詞單數+thatso+many\few\much\little(少)+名詞+that只能接動名詞而不能接動詞不定式的詞語admit承認appreciate感激，欣賞beworth值得consider考慮delay耽擱enjoy喜歡escape逃避finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss錯過practise練習resist抵制risk冒險suggest建議dare(v)膽敢，敢于1.dare作為實義動詞時，有人稱和數的變化，其后一般要跟帶to的不定式。e.g.Hedoesn’tdaretotellhismotheraboutit.Doeshedaretotellhismotheraboutit?2.dare可作情態(tài)動詞，和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣，沒有人稱和數的變化，其后接動詞原形，一般用于一般現在時的否定句、疑問句或條件句中。e.g.Hedarenottellhismotheraboutit.Darehetellhismotheraboutit?不定式符號to后的動詞部分的省略1.在expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面e.g.Jiminvitedmetogotothecinema,butIrefusedto.2.在needtodo,oughttodo,begoingtodo,usedtodo,havetodo等短語中，動詞do可承前省略。e.g.-I’msorrythatIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.-Youdidn’tneedto,forithasbeenputofftillnextweek.3.在某些系表結構中，如：begladtodo,behappytodo,bepleasedtodo,bedelightedtodo，后面的do可承前省略e.g.-Willyoujoinus?-I’dbeglad\happy\pleased\delightedto.注意：1.否定形式的不定式的省略一般省略為nottoe.g.-ShallIgoshoppingtomorrowforsomeapples?-I’dpreferyounotto.2如果不定式中含有be,have(助動詞),havebeen，通常保留e.g.-Areyouajournalist?-No,butIusedtobe.admit(v)承認，招認，招供admit(to)sth.承認某事admitdoingsth.承認做了某事admittosbthat……向某人承認……(v)準許，吸納beadmittedto\into被準許進入，被錄取到admit。。。to\into準許…進入…asaresult,asaresultof,so辨析asaresult副詞短語，“結果，因此”，一般放在句首，后面加逗號e.g.Thefarmwasflooded.Asaresult,mostoftheharvestwaslost.asaresultof介詞短語，“作為…的結果，由于…”,后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。e.g.Shediedasaresultofherinjuries.so連詞，“因此，所以”，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，兩種情況下so后面都不加逗號。e.g.Iwasfeelinghungry,soImademyselfasandwich.with復合結構with復合結構在句中可作定語、狀語，其構成為“with+賓語+賓補”賓補根據邏輯意義可以是不同的詞或詞組，如：形容詞，副詞，現在分詞，過去分詞、不定介詞短語等。1.with+賓語+形容詞e.g.Welayinbedwiththewindowopen.2.with+賓語+副詞e.g.Shewasknitting,withthetelevisionon.3.with+賓語+現在分詞e.g.Wejumpedintotheriverwithbulletswhizzingpastourears.4.with+賓語+過去分詞e.g.Withallthethingssheneededbought,shewenthomehappily.5.with+賓語+介詞短語Withabookinhishand,heenteredtheclassroom.Thisisbecause…這是因為because是連詞，引導一個表原因的表語從句e.g.-WhyisMarysoupset?-Thisisbecauseshehasn’tpassedtheexam,Thereasonis\was\that…理由是…e.g。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.It\This\Thatis\wasbecause…這\那是因為…e.g.Hemissedthebus.That’sbecausehegotuplate.It\This\Thatis\waswhy…這\那就是…的原因e.g.Hegotuplate.Thatiswhyhemissedthebus.energy,force,stength,power辨析energy主要指“人的精力”“自然界的能源”e.g.Idon’thavetheenergytodealwithitrightnowforce主要指非自然界的力量，如暴力、勢力、說服力、壓制力、法律、道德或感情的力量、軍事的力量等?？傊?，它是活動過程中的力量。e.g.Intheendhehadtobethrownoutofthehousebyforce.strength常指固定潛在的力量。就人說，著重指力氣，就物說，著重指強度、實力等。e.g.Shedidn’tevenhavethestrengthtostandup.power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力，力量。人或機器等事物的潛在的或所能發(fā)揮出來的力量等。e.g.Peopleshouldhavemorepoweroverdecisionsthataffecttheirlives.

后接doing形式的動詞及動詞短語1.下列動詞用動名詞做賓語考慮建議盼原諒（consider,suggest\advice,lookforwardto,excuse\pardon）承認推遲沒得想（admit,delay\put

off,fancy）避免錯過繼續(xù)練（avoid,miss,keep,practise）否認完成停欣賞（deny,finish,enjoy\appreciate）不禁介意準逃亡（mind,allow\permit,escape）2.動詞詞組用動名詞做賓語can’tstand不能忍受feellike感覺好像bebusy忙于havedifficulty\trouble做某事有困難\麻煩haveagood\wonderful\hardtime過得愉快\不愉快3.(1)forgettodosth.忘記去做某事（未做的）forgetdoingsth忘記曾經做過某事(2)remembertodosth記得去做某事（未做的）rememberdoingsth記得曾經做過的事(3)regrettodosth遺憾做某事（未做的）regretdoingsth遺憾做過某事(4)stoptodosth停下來做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事(5)trytodosth努力\試圖做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事(6)meantodosth打算\意圖做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事(7)can’thelptodosth不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事(8)goontodosth（做完某事）接著做另一件事goondongsth=goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事4.begin和start后既可以接不定式，也可以接動名詞，意義沒有差別，但在以下三種情況下，只接不定式（1）主語是物e.g.Itbegintorain.（2）begin或start本身用于進行時態(tài)時e.g.Sheisbeginningtocookdinner.（3）begin或start后的非謂語動詞是指心情狀況或精神活動的詞時如realize,understand,wonder,know等。e.g.Ibegantofeeldizzy.5.allow\advise\forbid\permitdoingsth\sb.todosthe.g.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.e.g.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.6.(1)need\require\wantdoing\tobedone需要被…e.g.Thewindowneeds\requires\wantscleaning.need\require\wantsbtodosth.需要某人做某事e.g.Iwantyoutofinishitrightnow.(2)beworth+n\doing值得e.g.Theplaceisworthvisiting.(3)beworthyof\ofbeingdone\tobedone值得e.g.Theplaceisworthyofavisit\ofbeingvisited\tobevisited.wouldprefer的用法1.wouldprefersth想要某物e.g.-Coffeeortea?-Iwouldprefertea,thanks.2.wouldprefer(not)todosth寧愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwouldprefernottothinkaboutit.3.wouldprfersb.(not)todosth.寧愿某人（不）做某事e.g.Mymotherwouldprefermenottogooutaloneatnight.4.wouldprefertodo…ratherthando寧愿做…而不做…e.g.Iwouldprefertoplaybasketballratherthangoswimming.5.wouldprefer+從句e.g.Iwouldpreferthatyoudidn’ttellanyone.6.wouldpreferitif…希望，更希望e.g.Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn’ttellanyone.7.preferdoing…todoing…寧愿做…而不做…e.g.HepreferswatchingTVtogoingoutforawalk.wouldrather的用法1.wouldrather(not)dosth。寧愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwoudrathernottakeatripwithhim.2.wouldrather(not)havedonesth.寧愿做了（沒做）的事e.g.Iwouldrathernothaveseenherlastnight.3.wouldrather+從句(從句中的謂語動詞有兩種情況，一是用過去式。表示與現在或將來的情況相反；二是用過去完成式，表示與過去的情況相反)e.g.Iwouldratheryoudidn’tgooutalone.e.g.IwouldratherIhadn’ttoldhimthenews.4.wouldratherdo…thando…e.g.IwouldratherdiethanapologizetoHelen.

settle(v)解決，處理e.g.It’stimeyousettledyourdifferenceswithyourfather.(v)平靜，放松e.g.Itookapilltohelpsettlemynerves.(v)安居，安家落戶e.g.ShesettledinViennaafterherfather’sdeath.(v)使…在新位置上覺得舒適e.g.Hesettledhimselfcomfortablyinhisusualchairsettledown安頓，定居settlefor(勉強)接受settlein\into適應，安頓下來settleon\upon決定，同意settle,solve辨析settle解決對象為某種爭端solve解決問題，側重是給出一個答案、beupto的用法1.beuptosb.由某人決定，取決于某人，是某人的職責或義務e.g.Youcanpayweeklyormonthly-it’suptoyou.2.beuptosth.能勝任e.g.He’snotuptothejob.3.beuptosb.todosth.應由某人做某事e.g.It’suptoyoutochoosewhereweshoulddo.4.beuptosth.做壞事，偷偷地做某事e.g.I’msurehe’suptonogood.5.uptosth.(數目上)多達，（時間上）一直到e.g.Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar.What’sup?怎么啦？uptotill到…為止uptodate.最新式的uptonogood做壞事uptoone’scars\eyes\neckin…深陷于…it作形式主語和形式賓語時，不可換1.Itis+adj\n+todosth.\that(it作形式主語)e.g.ItishardtostudyEnglishwell.2.Itisnouse\good;notanyuse;hardlyanyuse;useless;worthwhiledoingsth.(it作形式主語)e.g.Itisuselesspreparingsomuchjuice.3.Itfeels+adj.+todosth.(it作形式主語)e.g.ItfeelsdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.4.sb.+think\believe\feel\find\consider+it+adj\n+todosth\doingsth\that從句（it作形式賓語）e.g.Hethinksitnecessarythatheshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.difference(n)差別，差異tellthedifferencebetweenAandB說出A和B之間的不同makeallthedifferencetosb\sth對某人\某物關系重大makea\no\somedifferencet