初中英語語法-代詞教學教材

代詞(dàicí)Pronouns第一頁，共48頁。代詞概述:代詞就是指可以代替(dàitì)名詞的詞,可分為以下幾種名稱代詞人稱代詞主格代詞I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格代詞me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves指示代詞this,that,these,those疑問代詞who,whom,whose,what,which不定代詞some,any，

many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…

相互代詞eachother/oneanother關系代詞who,whose,whom,that,which.第二頁，共48頁。一.人稱(rénchēng)代詞第一人稱(dìyīrénchēnɡ)第二人稱(dìèrrénchēnɡ)第三人稱人稱格數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格Iyouhesheitmeyouhimheritweyoutheyusyouthem第三頁，共48頁。1、人稱代詞的排列(páiliè)順序：二，三，一(單數(shù)）一，二，三（復數(shù)）一.人稱(rénchēng)代詞1.我、你、他、都18歲。__________________2.你們、我們、他們(tāmen)都來自中國。______________________________.You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChina2、在簡短對話中，當人稱代詞單獨使用或在not后多用賓格.—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me第四頁，共48頁。①第一人稱單數(shù)代詞I（我）無論在什么地方出現(xiàn)(chūxiàn)都要大寫。②人稱(rénchēng)代詞作主語時要用其主格Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.③動詞后用賓格(bīnɡé)：Ihelphimandhehelpsme介詞后用賓格(bīnɡé)：Jimtakesgoodcareofme注意：第五頁，共48頁。1.—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they第六頁，共48頁。4.MissZhangteaches___math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours5.___likeplayingsoccerwith___.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent.___knewnoneof____.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween____.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8.___allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.Us第七頁，共48頁。3、it的特殊(tèshū)用法:①it可指不知性別(xìngbié)的嬰兒或不確指性別(xìngbié)的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.②It也可用來表示天氣、時間(shíjiān)、距離等。天氣：Howcolditistoday!時間(shíjiān)：It’sabouteighto’clock.距離：It’s200kilometersfromhere.一.人稱代詞第八頁，共48頁。1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that第九頁，共48頁。③固定(gùdìng)句型1.做某事情對某人來說是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.輪到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的時候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.4.據(jù)說…It’ssaidthat…第十頁，共48頁。5.某人花費…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自從…以來，已經有…（時間）了。Itis/hasbeen+時段+since+從句(cónɡjù)(過去時)7.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/感覺到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoit’s也對！第十一頁，共48頁。Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going第十二頁，共48頁。二.物主代詞人稱分類

第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)

單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)形容詞性

名詞性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineours

yours

yours

hishers

itstheirs

第十三頁，共48頁。形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞雖都譯成“……的”，但形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后邊(hòubian)須有名詞；而名詞性物主代詞后邊(hòubian)不可再加名詞，它在句中可作主語、賓語或表語。“名詞性物主代詞＝形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”。Thisismybook=ThisbookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.ThisisLucy‘scoat，yoursisdifferentfromhersyourcoat物主代詞用法(yònɡfǎ)：hercoatmybookmypen第十四頁，共48頁。注意(zhùyì)：物主代詞前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等詞修飾(xiūshì)。如不能說themyrighthand。第十五頁，共48頁。1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him第十六頁，共48頁。4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s6.Sheis___Englishteacher.Sheteaches__well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,they第十七頁，共48頁。7.Isthis____sister?No,Sheis____sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must___goto___officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring___notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours10.Theredbagis___.___iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him

第十八頁，共48頁。三.反身代詞(fǎnshēndàicí)

人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱

第三人稱單數(shù)

復數(shù)myselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1.反身代詞(fǎnshēndàicí)分類第十九頁，共48頁。2.反身代詞常見固定搭配過得愉快自學(zìxué)請隨便吃…自言自語獨自為自己不要客氣陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顧自己enjoyoneselfteachoneself.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfallbyoneself/byoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself第二十頁，共48頁。Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your第二十一頁，共48頁。四.指示(zhǐshì)代詞TheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.單數(shù)復數(shù)this

這個these

這些that

那個those

那些代詞(dàicí)，指theweather第二十二頁，共48頁。指示代詞(dàicí)用法：1.this和these用于指距離較近的事物或人，that和those用于指較遠的事物或人。如：Thispictureisclearandthatpictureisnotclear.2.that(those)可以代替前面提到的名詞，以免重復，this(these)不能。如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofIndia.SomeTVsetsmadeinChinaarejustasgoodasthosemadeinJapan.3.打電話時用that問對方(duìfāng)是誰，用this做自我介紹。如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who'sthat?第二十三頁，共48頁。1.-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.

A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound___noteasytogetonwithhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofChina.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.Ifound____importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.its第二十四頁，共48頁。5.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it6.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those7.WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that第二十五頁，共48頁。五.不定(bùdìng)代詞1.常見的不定代詞(dàicí)有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等。2.形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代詞(dàicí)時，放在后面。如：Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.第二十六頁，共48頁。1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse第二十七頁，共48頁。常見不定(bùdìng)代詞的用法只修飾可數(shù)名詞只修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞many,anumberofthenumberofmuchalotof=lotsofplentyoffew,afewlittle,alittlesome,any修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的單詞(dāncí)或短語第二十八頁，共48頁。①.someanysome一般(yībān)用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑問句中。①Ihave____books,butIdon’thave____pens.②Thereisnot____meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.提示：some有時也可用于疑問句中，表示勸告，請求或建議。any用于肯定句中，表示“任何一個”①Wouldyoulikesometea?②MayIaskyousomequestions?③Youcanborrowanyofthethreebooks.第二十九頁，共48頁。few/afewlittle/alittle1、2、當前面由only修飾(xiūshì)，常用afew或alittle.3、alittle可表示“有點(yǒudiǎn)，稍微”相當于abit，alittlebit，kindof肯定否定可數(shù)afewfew不可數(shù)alittlelittle第三十頁，共48頁。Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few第三十一頁，共48頁。①.it指上文提到過的事物。②.

one泛指上文提及的同類事物(可數(shù)名詞)中的一個,復數(shù)ones,一般前邊有the，this，that修飾。③.that常用于比較結構中，代替(dàitì)前面提到的名詞，避免重復?？纱?dàitì)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)those，一般有后置修飾語.(1)

Ihavemanybooks.Which___doyoulike?(2)

Thebookismine.____isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan____inHainan.oneItthatoneitthat第三十二頁，共48頁。①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./第三十三頁，共48頁。eacheveryeach(常與of連用)every兩者或以上的每一個人或物三者或以上每一個人或物

everyother…每隔…（anyother…任何一個）everyotherday

每隔一天

=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet. A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天來這里(zhèlǐ)。Hecamehere__________day.everyother第三十四頁，共48頁。nonenoonenonenoone沒有什么人/物“沒有人”只能指人回答howmany

問句回答who問句noneof+復數(shù)名詞/them謂語用單數(shù)①

Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom第三十五頁，共48頁。eitherof兩者之一+復數(shù)名詞/them/us謂單neitherof兩者都不謂單bothof兩者都謂復___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth第三十六頁，共48頁。eitherneitherboth①

EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原則neither…nor…兩者都不both…and…兩者都復數(shù)謂語第三十七頁，共48頁。

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no第三十八頁，共48頁。①

Ididn’tseeit,___.A.tooB.aswellC.either②

Hecouldn’topenthedoor._______.

A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.Neithercouldn’tI

They__ingoodhealth,

andthey___there.

A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoeseither否定句末“也”neither倒裝句表否定neither+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+主語both助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+bothboth+行為動詞第三十九頁，共48頁。othertheotherotherstheothersanother第四十頁，共48頁。①TomandMaryhavearrived,but__inyourclassaren'thereyet.

A.theothers

B.others

C.theother

②Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and___white.A.theotherB．anotherC.others ③Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme___one.

A.other

B.others

C.another

第四十一頁，共48頁。④Ihavetwobrothers.__isadoctor,__isasoldier.

A.One,theother

B.One,other

C.Theone,theother

⑤---Isthisyoursock?---Yes,itis.Whereis_?A.anotherB.theotheroneC.others⑥Wegothomeby4o’clock,but___didn’tgetbackuntil8o’clock.A.theotherB.othersC.theothers第四十二頁，共48頁。六.相互(xiānghù)代詞1．相互代詞是表示相互關系的代詞，在句中常作賓語，只有(zhǐyǒu)兩個：oneanother和eachother，譯作“相互，彼此”。兩者用法基本相同，但在表示兩人間的相互關系時，更多用eachother。如：PeoplecanuseICQtotalkwitheachotherbycomputers.2．相互代詞的所有格形式為：eachother's和oneanother's。Theyputsmallpresentsineachother'sstocking