簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所組成的句子是簡(jiǎn)單句。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞之分。正是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)決定著句子的不同結(jié)構(gòu)，如連系動(dòng)詞后要接表語(yǔ);大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞后要接一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)，有的及物動(dòng)詞要接直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，還有的及物動(dòng)詞要接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))．句型一主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞Ｓ+Ｖ

此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,本身能表達(dá)完整的意思,后面不需跟賓語(yǔ),但有時(shí)可跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作狀語(yǔ)。如：

I

agree.

She

studies

hard.

Mybrother

works

inBeijing.

I

amreading

now.ＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eatanddrink.laughed.woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.havegone.

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接加賓語(yǔ)。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞加一個(gè)介詞后構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可以加賓語(yǔ)。如agreewith,liein,workat,arguewith,belongto,comeacross,goto,replyto等。(3)有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。例如：Themeeting

begins

athalfpastnine.()Theprofessor

began

hisspeech

directly.()Thebooksofthiskind

sell

wellandhe

willsell

them.(第一個(gè)sell為不及物動(dòng)詞，而第二個(gè)sell是及物動(dòng)詞)。不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞1.指出劃線部分動(dòng)詞的詞性，是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.() (2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeak

Spanish.()(3)Hisfatherusedtowork

hardtomakemuchmoney.()(4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailed

thedrivingtest.()

不及物及物不及物不及物及物2.在每一空格上填上恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion.(2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs_____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem.(4)ToimprovemyEnglish,Iworkhard_____it.(5)Look_____thecloudysky!Itisgoingtorain.withtoupatat句型二主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)

此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。如：(1)

I

amreading

astorybook.

(2)

Mymother

isdoing

thehousework.

(3)

Lily

likes

apples

verymuch.

(4)

We

watched

afootballmatch

yesterday.

(5)

I

don’twant

toplaywiththem.

(6)

I

amgoingtoplay

basketball

thisafternoon.

劃出以下句子的主、謂、賓部分。如：Doingmorningexercises

benefits

ourhealth.Iwroteapassagelastnight.I

wrote

apassage

lastnight.

(2)Idoubtwhetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.I

doubt

whetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.(3)Wemissedgoingtocollegeforthatreason.We

missed

goingtocollege

forthatreason.

(4)Whathesaidtouchedmegreatly.Whathesaid

touched

me

greatly.

句型三主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)。ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(聞)feltlooksisisbecameturnedanEeresting.warmer.red.(1)系動(dòng)詞的三種分類(lèi)：我們學(xué)過(guò)的表示“保持或狀態(tài)”類(lèi)的有be,remain,stay,keep,prove等；表示“變化趨勢(shì)”類(lèi)的有g(shù)row,turn,get,become,fall,go,come,seem,appear等；表示“感官”類(lèi)的有l(wèi)ook,sound,smell,taste,feel等。例如：

I

am

aseniorschoolstudentwhilehe

is

a

juniorone.我是高中生，他是初中生。

Afterfouryears,Tom

became

adoctor.四年后，湯姆成了一名醫(yī)生。

Thestory

sounds

interestingandinstructive.這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)既有趣，又有教育意義。

(2)可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、副詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句、分詞(短語(yǔ))等。

例如：Inordertokeep

healthy,hetakesexerciseeveryday.(形容詞作表語(yǔ))Inmymind,motherismyhero.(名詞作表語(yǔ))Look!Yourpetdogis

there.(副詞作表語(yǔ))

Theschoolbagscome

indifferentsizes.

(介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))You’vechangedalot.Youarenot

whatyouwere.(表語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ))Manypassengersgot

injuredintheaccident.(過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ))Themachinekeeps

runningforalongtime.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）

Myjob

is

teachingyouEnglish.（動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)）

She

isreading

astorybook.（主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu)）(3)使用系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意的地方：第一，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二，一般沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)(除了feel以外)；第三，有些動(dòng)詞既是系動(dòng)詞又是普通動(dòng)詞。如：keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell等。第四，非謂語(yǔ)一般用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：Aftertwodays’treatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt)

Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比較以下句子：Thepetdogkeeps

clean.ItiskeptbyJohnson.(keeps是系動(dòng)詞，而kept是及物動(dòng)詞)Wegrewsometreesaroundourschoolandtheygrowgreennow.(grew是及物動(dòng)詞，而grow是系動(dòng)詞)JustnowIfeltthetableanditfelt

smooth.(第一個(gè)felt是及物動(dòng)詞，而第二個(gè)是系動(dòng)詞)選擇一個(gè)合適的詞或根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空，注意動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式。(1)I________(remain)anursewhilehehas_______(turn)an

engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱).It__________(go)badeasily.(3)Whathesaid__________(sound/look/smell/taste)reasonable.(4)Hefeels__________(comfortable/comfortably)workingintheair-conditionedoffice.remainturnedgoessoundscomfortable(5)Wedomorningexercisesto__________(keep/turn/become)healthy.(6)Theapple__________(tastes/istasted)sweet.(7)Pleasekeep________(quiet/quietly);Thebabyhasfallen_____(sleep/asleep).(8)Theyworkdayandnighttomaketheirdreamcome____(truth/true).keeptastesquietasleeptrue句型四主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)

（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）

此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,其中指人的是間接賓語(yǔ),指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后時(shí),通常需要加介詞for或to。（1）雙賓語(yǔ)指直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)。一般地說(shuō)，賓語(yǔ)指人為間接賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)指物為直接賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Myfather

bought

me

acar.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)

Thesinger

sang

us

anothersong.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)Theteacher

offered

us主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)someadvice

onlearningEnglish.直接賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)（2）如果直接賓語(yǔ)放在及物動(dòng)詞之后、間接賓語(yǔ)之前，那么兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之間應(yīng)有一個(gè)介詞(to,for等)。Myfather

bought

acar

for

me.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)Thesinger

sang

anothersong

for

us.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)Theteacher

offered

someadvice

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)

onlearningEnglish

to

us.定語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)在每一空格上填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(1)Motherboughtabirthdaycake______me.(2)Giveanotherapple_____her.Shelikesit.(3)Thecompanywillprovidesomedrinks______thevolunteers.forforto句型五主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))

此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),但意思還不完整,必須加上另外一個(gè)成分(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明?？梢杂米髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有:名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等

賓補(bǔ)是用來(lái)描述或說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。賓語(yǔ)是賓補(bǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)(暗含的主語(yǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式(短語(yǔ))、分詞(短語(yǔ))等來(lái)充當(dāng)。例如：Tell

him

tofollowtheinstructions.(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))Tom

made

thebaby

laugh.(不帶to的不定式laugh作賓補(bǔ))They

call

him

John.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))

Myfather

bought

me

acar.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)We

saw

theoldman

crossingthestreet

whenwewalked.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))I

tried

mybest

tomake

thelesson

alivelyone.(不定代詞one作賓補(bǔ))What

made

you

here?(副詞作賓補(bǔ))We

found

ourselves

ingreattrouble.(介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))Don’tleave

themachine

workingalldaylong.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)提示在空格上填一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

(1)Lethim________(進(jìn)來(lái)).(2)Letthestudent________(站)outsidetheclassroom.(3)Wemadeourclassroom________(明亮).(4)Fatherhavesomeemployees________(work)alldayandallnight.(5)Didyouhaveyourbicycle________(repair)?instandbrightworkingrepaired(6)Isaw

him________(cross)theroad.

Hewasseen________(cross)theroad.(7)Hekeptus________(read)thestoryonceandagain．(8)Thekeeperkeptthemonkey________(在籠子里).(9)Jennyhadhermoney________(偷了).(10)Ifoundmyself________(surround)bysomesnakes.readinginthecagestolensurroundedcrosstocross(11)Iwouldliketoseetheplan________(carry)out.(12)Whogotthemachine________(start)?(13)Jimaskedme________(wait)himattheschoolgate.(14)Theboywasmade________(stand)outsidetheroom.(15)Don’tallowtheguests________(smoke)here.carriedstartedtowaittostandtosmoke簡(jiǎn)單句的句子成分分析

(主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))句子的基本成分分析是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備。不會(huì)分析句子成分，高中階段的主要語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)，如定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、非謂語(yǔ)等就會(huì)顯得十分困難。一、句子的主要成分與次要成分句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子的主要成分由主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分組成。句子的次要成分有賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。其中，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與同位語(yǔ)在高中階段較常見(jiàn)。例如：Thetrees

onthemountain

grow(主語(yǔ))

(定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ))

(系動(dòng)詞)

green

inthespring.(表語(yǔ))(狀語(yǔ))Who

left

theguest

waiting

(主語(yǔ))(謂語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ))

(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))inthemeetingroomsolong?

(狀語(yǔ))在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出以下句子劃線部分的基本成分。1.They

are

workers

fromChina.

(主語(yǔ))(系動(dòng)詞)(表語(yǔ))(定語(yǔ))

2.Thesinger

made

himself

known.

(主語(yǔ))(謂語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ))(賓補(bǔ))

3.My

classmates

sent

their

best

(定語(yǔ))(主語(yǔ))

(謂語(yǔ))(定語(yǔ))

(定語(yǔ))

wishes

tome.(直接賓語(yǔ))(間接賓語(yǔ))

二、主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)的詞性及構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)是句子的主體，是謂語(yǔ)陳述或說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。正常語(yǔ)序的句子的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面或系動(dòng)詞前面。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的詞性有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等.例如：Deerareanimals.(主語(yǔ)由名詞deer來(lái)充當(dāng))Everythinggoeswell.(主語(yǔ)由代詞everything來(lái)充當(dāng))99

islargerthan98.(主語(yǔ)由數(shù)詞99來(lái)充當(dāng))

以下充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的情況在高中階段較為常見(jiàn)。它們是：不定式、動(dòng)名詞等形式充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)以及主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。例如：

Tosayisonethingandtodoisanotherthing.(主語(yǔ)由不定式tosay和todo來(lái)充當(dāng))Tohostapartyisnotaneasything.(主語(yǔ)由不定式短語(yǔ)tohostaparty來(lái)充當(dāng))Swimming

doesgoodtoone’shealth.(主語(yǔ)由動(dòng)名詞swimming來(lái)充當(dāng))Walkinghispetdogeverydayishisfavorite.(主語(yǔ)由動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)walkinghispetdogeveryday來(lái)充當(dāng))Whathesaidhurtmegreatly.(主語(yǔ)由whathesaid這一主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)充當(dāng))在以下句子的主語(yǔ)部分加下劃線并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出主語(yǔ)的詞性、充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的形式、短語(yǔ)或句子。You,heandIareallseniorschoolstudents.

You,heandIareallseniorschoolstudents.

(代詞)

NothingismoreimportantthanEQ.

NothingismoreimportantthanEQ.(代詞)

Tolearnaforeignlanguagecallsforpatience.Tolearnaforeignlanguagecallsforpatience.(不定式短語(yǔ))Beinghonestwillpay.Beinghonestwillpay.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))Wherehismotherwillgoisasecret.

Wherehismotherwillgoisasecret.(主語(yǔ)從句)

三、謂語(yǔ)以及充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、行為、特征或狀態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不及物動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞三大類(lèi)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等信息，除了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主被動(dòng)形式外，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往由下列詞語(yǔ)中的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上依序排列構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞+語(yǔ)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~。如：

willhavebeenplanted

例如：Thebikewentwrongagain.(went

作謂語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞)Mostofmyclassmatesworkhard.(work作謂語(yǔ)，不及物動(dòng)詞)HetoldmehisexperienceinAmerica.(told作謂語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞)Somestudentsaremakingmuchnoiseintheclassroomnow.(aremaking作謂語(yǔ))Wewillstayattheschoolattheweekend.(willstay作謂語(yǔ))Manyflowerswillhavebeenplantedbytheendoftheyear.(willhavebeenplanted作謂語(yǔ))將以下句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分劃線。1.Theoldladykeepshealthybytakingexerciseeveryday.