現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件4

語法課堂上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語havebeen與havegone比較與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁下一頁have(has）+過去分詞present(now)futurepast現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(presentperfecttense)domyhomeworkMother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleaned

them.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：肯定式：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?否定式:主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg:a.Ihavelostmykey.b.Hashegonetothelibrary?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn't.c.Tomhasn'tdonehishomework.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁下一頁--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。上一頁下一頁IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。1.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段時(shí)間2.since

+從句(一般過去時(shí))

時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ago

(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.上一頁下一頁IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過頤和園)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過汽車。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語◆常與①already,②never,③ever,④just,

⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks

⑩thesedays,

⑾since⑿foralongtime

連用上一頁下一頁主菜單

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用(1): 1．在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,before,just等連用。.2.since

+從句(一般過去時(shí))

時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ago

(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；Hehasalreadylefthere.

他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?

他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣）

b.yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法

否定句:句末“還(沒)”疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”Eg.

Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?c）never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.

我們從來沒有去過長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?

你們?cè)?jīng)去過加拿大嗎？d）just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過去分詞之間）Hehasjustcomeback.

他剛剛回來。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.

他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.上一頁下一頁IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過頤和園)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過汽車。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語◆常與①already,②never,③ever,④just,

⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks

⑩thesedays,

⑾since⑿foralongtime

連用上一頁下一頁主菜單上一頁下一頁IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。1.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段時(shí)間2.since

+從句(一般過去時(shí))

時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ago

(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

注1):since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

be

away(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbe

openbebackbe

married

be短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系

●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一頁下一頁●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單

become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→be

dead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),下一頁上一頁主菜單

●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁下一頁主菜單

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.WW下一頁上一頁主菜單

3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。

5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。

上一頁下一頁主菜單四)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))

Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。主菜單二．當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):上一頁下一頁eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜單三．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜單上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單動(dòng)詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一頁上一頁主菜單選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁上一頁主菜單用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplanned