動(dòng)詞Microsoft Office PowerPoint 97-2003 幻燈片 - 副本

動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)詞基本助動(dòng)詞bedohave情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞14半助動(dòng)詞VtVi聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞Wehaveagoodtime.Wehavegotapresent.Hesmokes.Hedoesn’tsmoke.Heisadoctor.Hemaybeadoctor.基本助動(dòng)詞：本身沒(méi)有詞匯意義，用來(lái)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)，或者用來(lái)否定bedohave情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞：14個(gè)后邊跟動(dòng)詞原形can/could,shall/should,will/would,may/mightmustoughtto(應(yīng)該），dare/dared(膽敢）,need,usedto(過(guò)去常常）半助動(dòng)詞：后跟動(dòng)詞原形

beaboutto（將要）,beableto（能）,beboundto（一定）,beaptto（易于）,bedueto,begoingto,beobligedto,besupposedto（應(yīng)該）becertainto,be(un)likelyto,appearto(看來(lái)，似乎，好像)，seemtochanceto（碰巧，偶然）,happento,turnoutto動(dòng)詞的時(shí)體形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Sheplaysthepianowell.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Sheplayedthepianowellwhenshewasyoung.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Sheisplayingthepianonow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shewasplayingthepianothistimeyesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Shehasplayedthepianoforhalfanhour.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Bylunchtime,shehadplayedthepianoforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shehasbeenplayingthepianoforalongtime.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Byten一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1>不受時(shí)間限制的客觀事實(shí)、真理

3plus2isfive.Honestyisthebestpolicy.最好的處事原則

Knowledgebeginswithpractice.實(shí)踐出真知LondonstandsontheRiverThames.

2>經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與頻度副詞連用

Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.總是樂(lè)于助人。Fatherdoesn’tsmoke.Healwayssleepswithhiswindowopen.3>現(xiàn)時(shí)狀態(tài)或瞬間動(dòng)作Someoneisatthedoor,Carol.Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.鈴聲響了

Whatdoyouthink,Jane?What’sthematterwithyou?Youlookpale.4>用于實(shí)況報(bào)道、魔術(shù)表演等演說(shuō)詞，專門(mén)用語(yǔ)

Ideclarethemeetingopen.Ipronounceyouhusbandandwife.IwishyouallahappyNewYear.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1>過(guò)去特定時(shí)間一次完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Iboughtthiscomputertwoyearsago.*過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，或反復(fù)發(fā)生的工作

WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.IwrotealettertomyfamilyonceamonthwhenIwasafreshman.*過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生任何關(guān)系

HisfatherwasanEnglishteacherallhislife.(其父已死)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體的用法

1>說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行（暫時(shí)性）

Whatareyoudoingnow?I’mwritingaletter.2>現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定正進(jìn)行

Heistranslatingabook.TheyarelearningChineseinBeijing.3>與always;continually;never;constantly等頻度狀語(yǔ)連用，表示感情色彩的現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

Sheisalwayschanginghermind.Youarealwaysforgettingimportantthings.

4>按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中越來(lái)越多的詞用進(jìn)行體表將來(lái)）

WhenisMr.Manningtakinghisholiday?Wearemeetinghimaftertheperformance.TheyareburyingBrosstomorrowwithabigmilitaryfuneral.5>表示剛剛過(guò)去的動(dòng)作

Youdon’tbelieveit?YouknowI’mtellingthetruth.Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabou.過(guò)去進(jìn)行體的用法1>過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行

Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?Theyweredoingmorningexercisesatseventhismorning.2>過(guò)去某一階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行

From1983to1988hewasteachingatYale.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.

3>頻度副詞always,constantly,continually,forever與過(guò)去進(jìn)行體連用表感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)

AsaboyJohnwasalwaysmakingtroubles.Alicewasconstantlychangingherclothes.Iremembermygrandfatherwasalwayssmokingacigar.4>過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間里的動(dòng)作

Theywereleavingafewdayslater.他們幾天后就要離開(kāi)

HetoldmethathisbrotherwasgoingtoParis.現(xiàn)在完成體的用法1>從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。與表時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用for………;since………..;sofar;untilnowI’vesatforhoursintheclassroom,readinganovel.我已坐在教師里讀了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的小說(shuō)了

Howlonghaveyouwaitedhere?Ihavewaitedhereforanhour.2>非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用完成體表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成(give,go,meet,see,go,finish),帶有不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),(already,yet,just,ever,never)Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hehasjustcome.3>否定句中非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞可與時(shí)間段連用

Haven’tseenyouforalongtime!Wehaven’theardfromhersincelastmonth.4>從過(guò)去開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在為止，中間反復(fù)發(fā)生，多次出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)

Hehasalwayssaidso.他總是這么說(shuō)

I’veoftenseenhiminthelibrary.我經(jīng)常在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)到他

5>完成體since分句中動(dòng)詞若為持續(xù)東西或靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束，用完成體表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)間。

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.（已康復(fù)）

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.（仍在病中）

6>口語(yǔ)中havegot=have意思為“有”

havegotto=haveto意思為“不得不”have/hasgotto的否定形式haven’t/hasn’tgotto7>Itwillbe/isthefirsttime(that)+現(xiàn)在完成體

Itwasthefirsttime(that)+過(guò)去完成體

It……………….this;thisevening;yesterday;tomorrowFirst………………..second;third;tenthTime………………..week;month;yearIt’sthefirsttimeI’vebeenhere.TomorrowwillbethefirsttimeI’vespokenatpulic.Itwasthefirsttimethisyearshehadbeenatasummerschoolandsheenjoyeditthoughtly.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

Hissisterhasbeenadoctorallherlife.Hissisterwasadocorallherlife.（他已經(jīng)去世）HehaslivedinChinafortenyears.HelivedinChinafortenyears.(他現(xiàn)在已不在中國(guó)）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour(andI’vestillgotsomemoretodo).過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）Ihadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame.Heknewhehadmetherbefore.Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedtwelvehours.8.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.IrealizedthatIhadbeenoverworking,soIdecidedtotakeacoupleofdays’holiday.主動(dòng)詞單詞動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞9.1一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的多種結(jié)構(gòu)1.will/shalldo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

1>will;shall除了純粹表將來(lái)以外，在第一人稱后will可表示“決心、意愿或打算”；否定句中will用于所有人稱，表示“不愿意”I’llstudyhardtocatchupwithmyclassmates.（決心）

Hewon’tdoit.他不愿意做疑問(wèn)句中will，shall用來(lái)詢問(wèn)聽(tīng)話人的意圖

Whenshallwemeetyounext?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?WhatshallIdowithyouletters?2.begoingtodo“打算做某事”

Heisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup.1>不表打算，僅表將來(lái)（物做主語(yǔ)，特殊語(yǔ)境）Thewallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.Heisnotgoingtocheatmeagain.我不會(huì)再讓他騙我了2>根據(jù)某種跡象“預(yù)見(jiàn)”Darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorain.Georgeisputtingonweight.Heisgoingtobequitefat.Ifeeldizzy.IthinkIamgoingtofaint.3>經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、計(jì)劃的“意圖”

willdo表示的“意圖”是臨時(shí)性的，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境臨時(shí)想到的

Thephoneisringing.I’llanswerit.Cometomyparty!Ok,I’llbringmyprettygirlfriend.

3>will/shallbedoing將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或事情自然發(fā)生

Whenyougettothestationat9amtomorrow,yourunclewillbewaitingthereTheywillbehavingtheirholidayinJune.4>will/shallhavedone將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻前，動(dòng)作已完成

Whentheoldmancomesnextweek,hissonwillhaveleftforshanghai.

下周老人來(lái)時(shí)，他兒子已經(jīng)去上海了。

ThesnowwillhavedisappearedbeforetheendofMarch.lateMarch

三月底以前雪已經(jīng)消失3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越多的詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。4.betodo1>按計(jì)劃、安排、職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

There’stobeaninvestigation.ThesportsmeetingistotakeplaceonSundaymorning.*常見(jiàn)于報(bào)紙、廣播，用以宣傳官方的計(jì)劃、決定

ThePrimeMinisteristospeakonTVtonight.TheQueenistovisitJapannextyear.2>表示禁止、命令、可能性

Tellhersheisnottobebacklate.告訴她別回來(lái)晚了

Youarenottostandhere.你不許站這里9.2過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間表示法

1.woulddo多見(jiàn)于從屬分句。wouldbedoing過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行wouldhavedone過(guò)去某時(shí)前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（用非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）多用于從屬分句，更像間接引語(yǔ)

HetoldhisfriendthatthistimenextyearhewouldbestudyingatStanford.Shesaidshewouldbesettingoffonthe10o’clocktrain.Hesaidhewouldhavefinishedhisthesisbytheendofnextmonth.2.was/weregoingto過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)也可以是沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖3.was/weretodo按過(guò)去的幾乎、安排，過(guò)去某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事態(tài)*表示以后不可預(yù)測(cè)、不可避免要發(fā)生的事情T(mén)heysaidgoodbye,littleknowingtheywerenevertomeetagain.WhenheenteredtheSenate,Caesardidn’tknowthathewasshortlytobemurderedbyhisdearestfriend.*was/weretohavedone表示計(jì)劃、安排后來(lái)取消了

Weweretohaveleftat6lastnight,butitrained.

4was/wereabouttodo最近的過(guò)去將來(lái)的事態(tài)，語(yǔ)境中常指未實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖

Ifeltsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.Hewasjustabouttodivewhenhesawashark.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過(guò)去時(shí)did現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

have/hasbeendoing（一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還會(huì)持續(xù)下去）

從句分類：定語(yǔ)從句（用來(lái)修飾名詞或者句子）名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句分為：1限制性定語(yǔ)從句2非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（通常與所修飾的東西用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）定語(yǔ)從句*定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有兩種：1》關(guān)系代詞：which;that;who(m);whose.as（在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)）2》關(guān)系副詞：when;where;why;theway（在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上后邊跟的是完整的句子）定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在意思上指代先行詞

5.定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)系代詞的選擇*必須用that的情況：

1>先行詞為all;everything;nothing,little等不定代詞時(shí)

That’sallthatIknow.2>先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或者被very;right;only強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)

LiHuaisthemostdiligentstudentthatIhaveknown.ThefirstnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.3>先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞

Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.

我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他取得的成就。

4>句中已有who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)

Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超過(guò)我們的是哪輛車

WhowillbethemanthatistospeakonTV?今晚誰(shuí)要在電視上發(fā)表講話？5>關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)，含有類比含義

Maryisnolongerthestarthatshewas.瑪麗不再是過(guò)去的明星了

Thelaneisnotaplacethatyouthoughttobe.那條小巷不是你想象中的里弄

*必須用which的情況

1>“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞為物時(shí)

Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.這就是老師正談及的那本參考書(shū)。

2>非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在含義上修飾前面主句，表示對(duì)主句的評(píng)價(jià)或看法

Iaskedhimtocomeandseeme,whichhedid.我叫他來(lái)，他就來(lái)了。