2020年山東臨沂中考英語試題

山東省臨沂市2020年中考英語試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________1．—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?—__________isOK.Ireallydon'tmind.A．Neither B．Both C．Either2．Thanksforlettingusborrowyourcamera.We__________ittoyounextMonday.A．return B．willreturn C．havereturned3．It'shardtoturndownabanana.Theytastegoodandyoudon'thavetowashthem__________eatingthem.A．until B．a(chǎn)fter C．before4．Onlyplantsandanimalsthatneedverylittlewater__________liveinadesert.A．can B．need C．must5．KellyWhitelovesallsports,__________skating.A．gradually B．seriously C．especially6．Mostofusenjoy__________toourmothersspeak,becauseourbrainsgreatlypreferthevoicesofourownmothers.A．listening B．listen C．tolisten7．Wewillcauselesspollution_____________wecanfindwaystoreuseorrecyclemorerubbish.A．unless B．if C．though8．___________dopeoplegreetvisitors?Someshakehands.Somesay"hello"or"hi".Somekiss.A．Why B．What C．How9．Wehaveto______________theschooltripbecauseofthebadweather.A．putoff B．getoff C．turnoff10．InAmerica,Thanksgivingisaholiday_____________celebratestheloveoffamily.A．who B．/ C．thatA．AlthoughB．givetheirseatsC．SinceD．werenotallowedE.makelifebetterF.soldMartinLutherKingJr.wasborninGeorgiainthesouthoftheUSAin1929.In1954hebegantoworkinachurch(教堂).Allthroughhislifehetriedto11．forAfrican-Americans,whoseancestorscametoAmericafromAfricabetween1640and1798.WhitepeoplebroughtthemtoAmericainships,12．themasslaves(奴隸)andforcedthemtowork.13．theyweresetfree(自由的)aftertheAmericanCivilWar,theirlivesdidn'tchangemuchforalongtime.Somepeoplestilldidn'tlikethem.Inthe1950's,African-Americans14．todolotsofthingsinthesouthofAmerica.Theycouldnotwalkonthefootpathwhenawhitepersonwasonit.Theycouldnoteatinrestaurantswherewhitepeopleate.Theycouldnotgototheshopsthatwereownedbywhitepeople.Whentheywereonabus,theyhadto15．towhitepeople.A．madeafamousspeechB．fairC．refusedD．inpeaceE.agreedF.stopridingInDecemberof1955,aladycalledRosaParks16．togiveherseattoawhiteman.Thismadethebusdriverangryandhecalledthepolice.ThepolicetookRossaway.MartinLutherKing,Jr.saidthiswaswrongandtoldpeopletheyshouldstopit.Hespoketolotsofpeopleandtoldthemwhatwashappening.Hesaidthelawshouldbe17．a(chǎn)ndtheyshouldbeabletodothesamethingsaswhitepeople.HecalledfortheAfrican-Americansto18．onthebus.Hisideaworked.Thebuscompanies(公司)lostmoney.InDecember1956,theSupremeCourt(最高法院)madethecitychangetherules.MartinLutherKing,JedacrossAmericatomeetlotsofimportantpeopleandtoldthemabouttheproblems.In1963heledabiggroupofAfrican-AmericansinWashington.He19．there.Hesaidhehadadreamthatblackandwhitepeoplewouldlivetogether20．.HewasareallyimportantpersoninhistorybecausehechangedAfrican-Americans'livesalot.Americanpeopleandpeoplearoundtheworldrememberhimforwhathehasdone.Wearingawhiteblouse,Ai-Dastudieshersubjectandbeginstodraw.Shelookslikeanyartistatwork.However,the"beep...beep...beep"noisefromherarmgivesheraway.Ai-Dais,infact,arobot.Ai-Dahasbeendescribedastheworld's"firstAI(人工智能)robotartist".ShetakeshernamefromAdaLovelace,theworld'sfirstfemalecomputerprogrammer.ScientistsatOxfordUniversitydevelopedAIsystems(系統(tǒng))forAi-Da.Therobothascamerasinhereyeballs.Aftershehasstudiedasubject,shewilluseherleftarmtodraw.Now,Ai-Dacanonlyuseapencilforsketches(素描).Theplanisforhertopaint.Ai-DaisnotthefirstAIsystemtoproduceartworks.Since2006,scientistshavebeendevelopingsoftware(軟件)toturnphotosintodrawings.Lastyear,anartworkcreatedusingAIwassoldinNewYorkfor$132,500.However,Ai-Da'shuman-likeappearancebringssomethingnewtothefield.InJune,Ai-DaopenedherfirstexhibitionatOxford.Therewereabout30drawingsbytherobot.Ai-Da,standingnexttoherartworks,attracted(吸引)manyvisitors.Ai-Da'sinventor,AidanMeller,talkedabouttheimportanceoftherobot."Ai-Dabringsanewvoicetotheartworld,"shesaid."AIisgoingtobethebigthingofthe2020s.Thatinfluencesusgreatly."MellerhopestheexhibitionwasjustthestartandthatmorewillfollowtoshowhowAIisinfluencinghumanlife.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。正確的用“A”表示，不正確的用“B”表示。21．Ai-DaisarealartistwhohelpsscientistsatOxfordUniversitydevelopAIsystems.22．Lastyear,scientistsbegantodevelopsoftwaretoturnphotosintodrawings.23．InJune,Ai-DaopenedherfirstexhibitionatOxfordsuccessfully.24．AidanMellerthinksAIisgoingtoinfluencehumanlifemoreandmoregreatly.ThelongestriverintheworldistheNile.Itis4,160mileslong.ButtheNileisnotthemightiest(浩蕩的)river.TheAmazonis.TheAmazonisalsothesecondlongestriverintheworld.Itis3,900mileslong.Howlongisthat?ItislongerthanaroadgoingfromNewYorkCitytoSanFrancisco.TheAmazonisthemightiestforthisreason.Ithasthegreatestamountofwater.MorewaterrunsouttoseathanfromtheNile.Mississippi,andYangtzeriverscombined.That'salotoffreshwater!Theforceofitscurrent(水流)isgreattoo.Thecurrentcanbeseen200milesoutinthesea.There'sastorytoshowtheAmazon'samazingcurrent.Ashipsailed(航行)farawayfromBrazil.Itranoutofdrinkingwater.Anothershippassedby.Thefirstshipaskedforwater.Someoneonthesecondshipsaid."Justputyourbuckets(桶)intothesea."Hereareafewmorefacts.Atitsmouth,theAmazonis90mileswide.Evenuptheriver,youcan'tseetheoppositebank.Theriverisalsoverydeep(from22to76meters).Duringrainyseason,theriverrisesabout16metersmore.Bigoceanshipscansailabout1,800milesupstream(向上游).Smallershipscansail1,000milesfarther.What'sthemostbloodthirstyfishintheworld?No.It'snottheshark.It'stheAmazon'spiranha.Itisonlyabout10cmto20cmlong.Ithassharpteeth.Thousandstravelinagroup.Noanimalcanswimacrosstherivet.A1,000-poundhorsewouldbejustbones(骨頭)inthreeminutes.AreyouplanningatriptotheAmazon?Here'sapieceofadvice.Leaveyourswimsuitathome!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。25．Afterreadingthispassageitseemsclearthat____________.A．peopledonotdrinktheAmazon’swaterB．itwouldnotbegoodtovisittheAmazonduringrainyseasonC．sailingontheAmazonrequiresknowledgeofitscurrent26．ThewriterhelpsyouunderstandhowlongtheAmazonisby___________.A．tellinghowlongtheNileis B．comparingittoadistance(距離)onlandC．comparingitwiththeYangtzeRiver27．InParagraphFour,theword“sharp”means“_________”inChinese.A．鋒利的 B．急劇的 C．強(qiáng)烈的28．Thepassagemainlytellsus____________.A．piranhaintheAmazon B．travelingintheAmazon C．interestingfactsabouttheAmazonWakeup,boysandgirls!Putupyourhandifyoutrytorepairyourtiredbodybysleepingin(睡懶覺)onweekends.Anewstudysaysthehabitmightnotbeagoodideaforyourhealth.Theten-daystudycameoutinthemagazineCurrentBiology.Volunteersweredividedintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupenjoyedninehours'sleepeachnight.Thesecondgroupwasallowedtosleeponlyfivehourseachnight.Thethirdgroupwasgivenfivehours'sleepMondaythroughFriday.29．ButtheywereputbackontheshortsleepschedulethenextMonday.Boththesecondandthirdgroupsatemoresnacksatnightandputonweight.Theyalsosawadecrease(減少)ininsulinsensitivity(胰島素敏感性),awarningsignfordiabetes(糖尿病).Researchershavelongknownatack(缺乏)ofsleepcanincreasehealthrisks.30．"Eventhoughpeopleinthethirdgroupsleptasmuchastheycouldontheweekend,itwasnotenough,"saidDrKennethWright,wholedthestudy."Whentheywentbacktotheshortsleepschedulethenextweek,theirbodyfailedtocontrolbloodsugar.31．Sowhatshouldwedoifsleepinginovertheweekendisnotagoodchoice?32．Cutoutthe"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeoncomputersormobilephones.Alwaysremember.Gettingenoughsleepisasimportantashavinggoodcaringhabitsordoingexerciseregularly.A．Thatwaspartlybecausetheirbiologicalclock(生物鐘)hadbeenchanged.B．Peoplecanrepairtheirtiredbodybysleepinginonweekends.C．Butitwassurprisingthatthethirdgrouphadbeenworsethanthesecondone.D．DrWrightgaveadviceintwowords:sleeplonger.E.Andthentheywereallowedtosleepasmuchastheylikedoveraweekend.33．Afterabusymorningatwork,lunchtimegives__________achancetodomanythings,suchasexercise,readandwatchTV.(I)34．Thenewplanasksresidents(居民)toputtheirrubbishintofourdifferent__________,oneforeachkindofrubbish.(box)35．AftertheGreatWallStation,Zhongshan,KunlunandTaishan,Chinaisnowbuildingits__________researchstationinAntarctica(南極洲).(five)36．Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa__________.(teenage)37．It's_____________totalkwithyourmouthfull.(polite)38．Accordingtosomestudies,the_____________youread,thelessyouunderstandwhatyouhaveread.(fast)39．Recyclingyourrubbishisagreathabit.However.it'sevenbettertoturnyourrubbishintosomethingnewand_____________.(use)40．Whydowemakemistakesmore_____________whenwefeeltired?Thishappensbecausepartsofourbrainactuallyfallasleepwhenwe'reawakeandtired.(easy)InPontevedra,acityinSpain,peopledon'tshout.Sincecarsarebanned(明令禁止)inthecity,therearenonoisesfromcars.Peopledon'thavetotryhardtomakethemselvesheard.Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.MiguelLores,themayor(市長),opensthewindowsofhisoffice,andthesoundofhumanvoices41．(rise)fromthestreetbelow.Loressays,"Morethan14,000carsusedtopassalongthisstreeteveryday.There42．(be)morecarspassingthroughthecityinadaythanpeoplelivinghere."Loresbecamemayorin1999.Hespentmonths43．(walk)aroundthecity."Thehistoricalcityisdead,"hesaidoneday."Itisfullofcars.It44．(pollute)heavily.Therearealotoftrafficaccidents.Theelderlyandchildrenaren'tabletousethestreetsbecauseofcars.Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso."Atfirst,Loresthoughtofimprovingtrafficconditions.However,hecouldn'tcomeupwithagoodplan.Afterlotsofdiscussions,thegovernmentfinallydecided45．(take)actiontobancars.Thechange46．(bring)Pontevedramanyadvantagessincethen.Trafficaccidentsseldomhappen.CO2emissions(排放物)aredown70percent.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.Mostlocalpeopleinthecitylikethechange.RamiroArmesto,amotheroftwoyoungchildren,said,"Inthepast,thefirstthingtoseeinthemorningwastrafficjams.Now,thecityiscleaner,quieterandsafer."RaquelGarcia,anotherparent,saidshehadstayedinmanycitiesaroundtheworld.However,shehadneverlivedinacityas"easytolivein"asPontevedra."Evenwhileit47．(rain).Iwalkeverywhere.Thefeelingiswonderful,"sheadded."Pontevedraisparadise(天堂)”.Onwinternights,thewindusuallyblowsstrongly.Mostofusstayinsideourwarmhomes.Fewofusthinkaboutthehomeless.Thesepeoplehavenochoicebuttosleeponthestreets.Someofthemaresopoorthattheyhavenomoneytobuyfood.AyoungmaninBirmingham,England,madeadecisiontodosomethingaboutthis.Everynight,heputsonaSpider-Mansuitandgivesfoodtothehomelesshemeets.Hemakessurethatthesepeoplewon'tgohungry.Themanrefusestomakehisnamepublic.Thelocalpeoplecallhimthe"BirminghamSpider-Man".Theyoungmanhopeshisactionwillshowothersthateverybodydeserves(應(yīng)得)ahelpinghand.The25-year-oldmanstartedhisnightactivitiesin2015.Everynightat9,hebuyssomesandwiches.Then.hefindsaquietalleyandputsonhis"uniform".Afterthat,the"Spider-Man"startshandinghisfoodouttopeopleinneed.Themansaid,"IweartheSpider-Mansuitinordertogetattention."Withoutthesuit,fewpeopletookasecondlookathimwhenhewashandingoutfood.Whenpeopleseethe"Spider-Stan",however,theycomeoverandaskwhatheisdoing."TheBirminghamSpider-Man"hasalreadygotlotsofattention.Manypeoplehaveofferedtogiveawaymoneytohim.Buttheyoungmanneveracceptsthemoney.Instead,heencouragespeopletogooutandhelppeopleinneedontheirown.Hesaid,"Ifmorepeopleofferahelpinghand,thecoldwinternightswon'tbesocoldanylonger."48．HowdoestheyoungmaninBirmingham,Englandhelpthehomelesspeople?______________________________________________________________________________________49．Whendidtheyoungmanstarthisnightactivities?______________________________________________________________________________________50．Whatdoestheyoungmanhopehisactionwillshowothers?______________________________________________________________________________________51．WhydoestheyoungmanweartheSpider-Mansuitwhenhehelpsthehomelesspeople?______________________________________________________________________________________52．Whydoestheyoungmanneveracceptthemoneythatmanypeoplehavegivenawaytohim?______________________________________________________________________________________53．在初中三年的時光里，大家或多或少都會有一些不愉快的經(jīng)歷，請以“AnUnhappyExperience”為題，根據(jù)以下要求與提示，用英語寫一篇短文，描述一個令你不愉快的事件，分享你的體驗(yàn)和感悟。要求:1.短文中不得出現(xiàn)任何真實(shí)人名、校名及其它相關(guān)信息，否則不予評分;2.不少于60詞。提示:1.Tellastoryaboutoneofyourunhappyexperiences,2.Whatdidyoulearnfromtheexperience?AnUnhappyExperience________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________常見多音多義字100個常見多音多義字100個（1）艾ài方興未艾yì自怨自艾（2）拗ǎo拗?jǐn)啜拗口niù執(zhí)拗（3）曝pù一曝十寒bào曝光（4）屏bǐng屏除屏退屏住呼吸píng屏障屏蔽屏風(fēng)（5）薄bó[書]薄弱單薄薄利báo[口]紙?zhí)ò薄荷（6）剝bō[書]剝削剝奪bāo[口]剝皮（7）暴bào殘暴自暴自棄pù一暴（曝）十寒（8）辟bì復(fù)辟辟邪pì開辟辟謠精辟（9）扁biǎn扁擔(dān)扁平扁鵲piān扁舟（10）奔bēn奔走bèn朝對岸奔（11）背bèi背脊bēi背槍（12）便biàn便當(dāng)pián大腹便便（13）泊bó停泊漂泊淡泊pō湖泊水泊血泊（14）伺cì伺候sì窺伺（15）傳chuán傳說zhuàn傳記（16）創(chuàng)chuàng創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)始chuāng創(chuàng)傷受重創(chuàng)（17）稱chēng稱呼稱重稱許chèn相稱稱職稱體（18）禪chán禪師坐禪shàn禪讓（19）乘chéng乘機(jī)上乘乘務(wù)shèng千乘之國（20）臭chòu臭味臭氧臭名昭著xiù銅臭乳臭臭味相投（21）場cháng場院趕場（集市）一場大雨chǎng場合場所場地冷場（22）處chǔ相處處分處置處理chù處所處長（23）參cān參見參謁cēn參差shēn人參（24）逮dǎi[口]逮住他dài[書]逮捕（25）當(dāng)dāng應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)家螳臂當(dāng)車dàng當(dāng)做當(dāng)真安步當(dāng)車（26）倒dǎo倒霉dào倒車（27）調(diào)diào調(diào)查tiáo調(diào)整調(diào)解調(diào)理（28）彈dàn彈丸子彈tán彈指（29）度dù大度氣度度假duó揣度忖度（30）澄chéng[書]澄清的水澄清是非dèng[口]水澄清了才喝（31）惡ě惡心è惡習(xí)wù厭惡（32）阿ē阿諛剛直不阿ā阿姨阿Q（33）供gōng供求提供供不應(yīng)求gòng供品供職供狀招供（34）更gēng更換gèng更加（35）給gěi[口]給他給我一本書jǐ[書]供給給予家給人足（36）和hé平和溫和hè唱和附和和詩huó和泥和面·huo（輕）攙和暖和軟和（37）號háo號叫哀號號哭hào記號號角（38）巷hàng巷道巷井xiàng巷戰(zhàn)街頭巷尾（39）荷hé荷花hè負(fù)荷重荷荷槍實(shí)彈（40）橫héng橫亙橫肉橫行霸道hèng橫財(cái)蠻橫（41）會huì會聚kuài會計(jì)會稽（42）哄hōng哄傳hǒng哄騙hòng起哄（44）輯jí輯錄編輯邏輯（45）緝jī緝拿緝私通緝qī緝鞋緝邊兒（46）嚼jué[書]咀嚼jiáo[口]嚼蠟咬文嚼字（47）角jiǎo號角角落頭角口角獨(dú)角戲勾心斗角jué角色名角角力口角角斗群雄角逐（48）圈juàn羊圈牛圈quān鐵圈圈套（49）校jiào校對?？狈付恍iào校風(fēng)（50）禁jīn禁受禁得起jìn禁止禁區(qū)（51）藉jí狼藉（籍）jiè慰藉枕藉蘊(yùn)藉（52）濟(jì)jǐ濟(jì)南濟(jì)濟(jì)一堂jì周濟(jì)救濟(jì)扶危濟(jì)困（53）倔jué倔強(qiáng)juè脾氣倔（54）監(jiān)jiān監(jiān)獄jiàn太監(jiān)（55）解jiě解渴解散jiè解款押解解元xiè渾身解數(shù)解不開這個理（56）殼ké[口]外殼腦殼qiào[書]地殼甲殼軀殼金蟬蛻殼（57）卡k?？ㄆㄍǎㄒ糇g詞）qi?？ㄗ雨P(guān)卡哨卡卡殼（58）可kě可行kè可汗（59）看kàn看病看望kān看門看守（60）落luò沒落落空落魄lào落枕là落下（61）累léi累贅果實(shí)累累lěi積累累次危若累卵連累罪行累累lèi勞累受累（62）擂léi擂鼓助威lèi擂臺打擂（63）露lòu[口]露底露面露馬腳lù[書]露骨露水原形畢露（64）量liáng量杯測量丈量估量liàng數(shù)量量體裁衣·liang（輕）打量掂量估量（65）籠lóng牢籠鳥籠lǒng籠罩籠絡(luò)籠統(tǒng)（66）靡mí靡費(fèi)奢靡mǐ風(fēng)靡披靡靡靡之音（67）繆miù紕繆móu未雨綢繆（68）模mó模范模型模特兒mú模子模板模樣（69）脈mài脈搏脈絡(luò)mò含情脈脈（70）蒙méng蒙昧蒙蔽mēng蒙人měng蒙古（71）難nán困難nàn發(fā)難責(zé)難紓家毀難（72）寧níng安寧寧靜國無寧日nìng寧愿寧肯寧缺毋濫（73）弄nòng弄清戲弄lòng弄堂（74）炮páo炮制炮烙pào大炮鞭炮（75）漂piāo漂泊漂浮piǎo漂白（76）強(qiáng)qiáng強(qiáng)制強(qiáng)化強(qiáng)蠻強(qiáng)調(diào)博聞強(qiáng)識qiǎng勉強(qiáng)牽強(qiáng)強(qiáng)迫強(qiáng)笑強(qiáng)詞奪理強(qiáng)人所難jiàng倔強(qiáng)（77）悄qiāo靜悄悄qiǎo悄然無聲（78）翹qiáo翹首以待qiào翹尾巴（79）舍shě舍身舍棄舍不得shè宿舍校舍舍弟（80）折shé折本折耗zhē折騰zhé折價折磨（81）宿sù宿愿宿將宿根xiǔ一宿xiù星宿（82）省shěng省會節(jié)省省略xǐgn反省省親省悟（83）盛shèng興盛盛會chéng盛東西（84）散sǎn散文散漫散光散曲散裝散兵游勇sàn散伙散心散發(fā)（85）遂suì遂意遂愿suí半身不遂（86）數(shù)shǔ數(shù)落數(shù)九寒冬數(shù)說數(shù)典忘祖shù數(shù)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)shuò數(shù)見不鮮（87）塞sè[書]阻塞敷衍塞責(zé)sāi[口]活塞瓶塞塞口子sài要塞邊塞（88）帖tiē服帖妥帖（貼）俯首帖耳tiě請?zhí)觮iè

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碑帖畫帖（89）提t(yī)í提醒dī提防（90）鮮xiān鮮艷屢見不鮮xiǎn鮮為人知寡廉鮮恥（91）嚇xià嚇唬hè恫嚇（92）纖xiān纖維qiàn纖夫（93）肖xiào肖像xiāo姓肖（94）削xuē[書]削減剝削瘦削日削月割xiāo[口]削鉛筆削球切削（95）系xì系統(tǒng)系列jì系鞋帶（96）血xuè[書]貧血心血流血嘔心瀝血xiě[口]血淋淋吐了血（97）咽yān咽喉yàn咽氣狼吞虎咽yè哽咽嗚咽（98）應(yīng)yīng應(yīng)屆應(yīng)許yìng應(yīng)承應(yīng)變應(yīng)考（99）顫zhàn顫栗chàn顫音（100）著zháo著急著涼著迷著地zhuó著陸衣食無著著手著落著眼不著邊際zhāo著數(shù)高著騙著初中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)：賓語從句定語從句和狀語從句一、賓語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1．從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。例句：Hetoldus（that）theywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2．從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether，表示“是否”。在whether…ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。例句：Idon'tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.3.從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑問代詞、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。例句：Hedidn'ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.二、判斷時態(tài)情況：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以為各種時態(tài)。2.主句是一般過去時，從句要用相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)。注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，從句時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例句：Heansweredthathewaslisteningtome.Fathertoldmethatpracticemakesperfect.三、賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序陳述句語序，就是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。錯誤：Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.正確：Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。例如:Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon'tcometomyparty.常見考法對于賓語從句的考查，多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下，常從引導(dǎo)詞的選擇、時態(tài)的一致性及從句的陳述語序方面考查。典型例題：Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterwork

BwheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworks

Dwhereyoursisterworked解析：本題考查對賓語從句的掌握。賓語從句要用陳述語序，所以排除A和B；lastyear表示過去時，所以排除C.答案：D誤區(qū)提醒賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序，但要注意當(dāng)疑問詞為主語時，句式為：疑問詞+謂語+其他，問句和陳述句語序一樣。典型例題：Ididn'tknow

？A.Whatwrongwaswithher

B.whatwaswrongwithherC.what

wrongiswithher

D.whatiswrongwithher解析：主句是一般過去時，從句要用相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)，所以排除C和D；在whatwaswrongwithher中，what作主語，所以問句本身又是陳述句語序，不用變化。答案：B二、定語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)要學(xué)定語從句，得知道什么是定語。定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如，agoodbook,good就是定語。那么復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句中作定語。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose等，絕對沒有what；關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why,how等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的某個成分。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、由who,whom,that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，who作主語指人，whom作賓語指人，that既可作主語又可作賓語（作賓語可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。Whose用來指人或物，只用作定語。（1）Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那個想見你的男人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）（2）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）（3）ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher你剛剛說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師（4）hemanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.那個兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。2、由which，that引導(dǎo)的從句它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，作賓語時可以省略，例如：（1）Prosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在從句中作主語）（2）Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那個包裹快要散開了。（which/that在從句中作賓語）注意：代表物時多用which，但在下列情況中用that而不用which：a）先行詞是anything,everything,nothing

,none等不定代詞時；b）先行詞由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時，這時的that常被省略；c）先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時；d）先行詞中既有人又有物時；e）整個句中前面已有which，who，that時；f）當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時；g）先行詞為one時；h）先行詞同時又被theonly,thevery,thesame修飾時；二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、when指時間在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語，用在reason后面。

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.常見考法對于定語從句的考查，多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下，常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查，重點(diǎn)是that，which，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。典型例題：You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who

B.whom

C.whomD.who解析：先行詞person后有兩個定語從句，第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?，whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略。第二個從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語，不可省略。答案：D誤區(qū)提醒當(dāng)表示時間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時，要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。典型例題：Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when,which

B.which,when

C.what,that

D.onwhich,when解析：兩個先行詞theday都是表示時間的名詞，但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案：A三、狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

（一）時間狀語從句在復(fù)合句中，由時間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句通常由when,while,as,after,before,since,until等詞引導(dǎo)。一、時間狀語從句種類1、引導(dǎo)的從句表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作在主句之前。when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。例如：Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.她進(jìn)來時，我停止吃飯。（瞬時動詞）WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.我們就要離開，就在那時他進(jìn)來了。2、While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper，IwaswatchingTV.（wasreading是延續(xù)性的動詞，wasreading和waswatching同時發(fā)生）Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）3、As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：Wealwayssingaswewalk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示”一邊……一邊“）Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.當(dāng)我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）4、由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，表示兩個動作一前一后發(fā)生。例如：Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他們要過四天才能回來。Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.你仔細(xì)考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。5、由till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：Ididn'tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回來為止。6、由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示“自從……以來”。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。7、由assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表示“一……就”。例如：AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。二、時態(tài)問題在狀語從句中，有“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)定，即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。例句：IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.我到北京就將給你打電話。（這是由assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用willarrive）常見考法對于時間狀語從句的考查，多以單選和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞，或從時態(tài)的角度設(shè)題，考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。典型例題：I'msurehewilljumpupwhenhe

thegoodnews.A.know

B

willknow

C.knows

Dknowing解析：本題考查學(xué)生時間狀語從句的時態(tài)問題。時間狀語從句中，主句若是一般將來時，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。從句的主語是單三人稱，所以排除A.答案：C誤區(qū)提醒When既可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，辨別它在這兩種從句中的時態(tài)是我們經(jīng)常容易出錯的地方。典型例題：Idon'tknowwhenhe

nextweek.whenhe

,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes,comes

B.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comes

D.comes,willcome解析：第一句話“我不知道他下周什么時候來”，when引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示將來時，就用一般將來時willcome；第二句話“當(dāng)他來的時候，請讓我知道”，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時，所以用comes.答案：C（二）結(jié)果狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)結(jié)果狀語從句是補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果的，結(jié)果狀語從句常由so…that或such…that引導(dǎo)。要掌握這兩個句型，我們首先來了解一下so和such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。1、such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，such（+a/an）（+形容詞）+名詞+that；例如：suchagoodbook,suchnicegirls2、so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞，“so+形容詞/副詞+that”。例如：sonice,soslowly一般情況下，such+a+形容詞+名=so+形容詞+a\an+名例如：soniceaflower=suchaniceflower表達(dá)“如此多/少”時，常用so，so與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little連用，形成固定搭配。例如：somanypeopleso…that和such…that都可譯成“如此的···以至于···”，二者可以互換，（當(dāng)so修飾副詞的時候，二者往往不互換）

例句：Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool.常見考法對于結(jié)果狀語從句的考查，多以單選和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。典型例題：Hisplanwassuchagoodone____weallagreedtoacceptit.A.so

B.and

C.

that

D.as解析：題干的意思是“他的計(jì)劃如此好以至于我們都同意接受它”，that與前面的such呼應(yīng)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。答案：A誤區(qū)提醒結(jié)果狀語從句中。除了要注意so…that和such…that的區(qū)別外，還要注意它們和too……todo（太···而不能····）和enough+形容詞/副詞+todo（足夠的···可以···）的轉(zhuǎn)換。典型例題：Annistooyoungtogotoschool.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Annis

gotoschool.解析：原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上學(xué)”。那也就是說“安是如此的小，以至于她不能去上學(xué)”，根據(jù)所給出的空數(shù)，可以用so…that句型。答案：soyoungthatshecan't（三）原因狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)是用來說明引起主句這個結(jié)果的原因的從句，在初中階段引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because,as,since,for等。例如：1.Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.我昨天沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)槲疑×恕?.Sinceeverybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都來了，讓我們開始開會吧。3.Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.既然你身體不好，你就不該熬夜。4.Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.

我請她留下來喝茶，因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V她。原因狀語從句應(yīng)注意的問題1、because,since,as,for，辨析1）because語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或since.Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for.例：Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.3）as和for的區(qū)別：通常情況下，as引導(dǎo)的從句在主句前，for引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。例:Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.（同義句）Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.2、because習(xí)慣上不與so連用漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)椤浴?，但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將so與because連用：正：Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome./Itwasraining,sowestayedathome.誤：Becauseitwasraining,sowestayedathome.因?yàn)橄掠?，所以我們呆在家里?、because從句與becauseof短語的轉(zhuǎn)換Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可與becauseof短語轉(zhuǎn)換，becauseof后加的原因可以為好或壞，但最正規(guī)的還是because.Hecan'tcomebecauseheisill./Hecan'tcomebecauseofhisillness.他因病不能來。Isaidnothingaboutitbecausehiswifewasthere./Isaidnothingaboutitbecauseofhiswife'sbeingthere.因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾?，我對此事只字未提。常見考法對于原因狀語從句的考查，多以單選和完形填空的形式，從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。典型例題：Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.and

B.for

C.but

D.or解析："hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail"是"hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread"的原因，因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。答案：B誤區(qū)提醒除了because、since

、as、for這四個詞的辨析外，對于because從句與becauseof短語的區(qū)分也是難點(diǎn)之一。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可與becauseof短語轉(zhuǎn)換，becauseof后跟的是短語，because后跟的是句子。典型例題：Hedidn'tgotowork

theheavyrain.A.because

B.becauseof

C.so

D.since解析：題干的意思是“由于那場大雨，他沒有去上班”，theheavyrain.表示原因，排除C；since和because表示原因，后面跟的是從句，也就是說必須是一個完整的句子，本題中theheavyrain沒有主語和謂語。只是一個短語，所以排除A和C；becauseof表示“由于···”，后跟名詞、代詞或短語。答案：B

（四）