高中學(xué)習(xí)英語選修六 Unit 05 B

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions.Ex.1thequestionnairealongsideThescientistswereevaluatingtheexperiment.mademywayhaspotentialappointedequipmentdiagramEx.2TheeruptionofMountVesuviusin78ADtookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise.Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasa______butithadbeenquietforsolongthatnobodysawitasathreat.Whenthevolcanofinallydid____,itwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredin___and____.AwritercalledPliny,whowasthereduringthe_______,describedhowlavawasthrownintotheairlikea_______.Afteritfelltoearth,itturnedinto_____oflavawhichtravelleddownthemountainfasterthanpeoplecouldrunaway.Itwasan_______disasterforthosewhocouldnotescapeintime.ManyofthewoodenhousesandbungalowsinPompeiiwere_________________,butthestonehousesremainedundertheashuntiltheywererediscoveredduringthe20thcentury.take…bysurprise出其不意/毫不預(yù)示地攻擊,捕獲volcanoeruptashfountaineruptionwaveslavaabsolutetothegroundburnedEx.3Astormwithveryfastwindsthatmovesoverwater.Thisisaveryviolentstormconsistingofairthatspinsveryquicklyandcausealotofdamage.ThewindisblowingsohardthatitisdescribedinChineseas“toomuchwind”.Amountaindevelopsalargeholethroughwhichlavaisattimesforcedout.Anareawhichisusuallydryhasbecomecoveredinwater.Asuddenshakingoftheearth’ssurface,whichmaybeviolentenoughtocausegreatdamage.Alongperiodofdryweatherwhenthereisnotenoughwaterforplantsoranimalstolive.Asituationwhenpeoplehavelittleornofoodforlong.Whenamachinewhichfliesthroughtheairlandsunexpectedlypossiblykillingsomeofevenallofthepeopleonboard.Astormwiththunderandlightening.Astormwithstrongwindsandalotofsnow.Uncontrolledflamesthatburnanddestroythings.Fightingbetweentwoormorecountries.hurricanetornadotyphoonvolcanofloodearthquakedroughtfamineplanecrashthunderstormsnowstormfirewarDiscoveringusefulstructures.Ex.1Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientists.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbefore…Havingstudiesvolcanoesnowfromanyyears,Iamstillamazed…Ex.21.Havingtaken2.Havinggiven3.Havingbought4.Havingspent5.HavingarrivedEx.3Wakingupinthemiddleofthenight,shewasherroomwasasbrightasday.Havingstoppedthecar,wefoundourselvestrappedinthickfogandcouldn’tseeclearlyahead.Havingspentallnightreadingthedocuments,Iwasverytiredthenextday.Havingneverseenarainbowbeforeasachild,hewasveryexcited.Ex.4arriving;Standing(there);Havingtaken;Havingrested;HearingReviewtheuseof

–ingformUnit5GrammarLookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbialHaving+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)referringtoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverbExaminethesentencesbelowandtellthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthesetwosentences.

The–ingformcanbeusedasanadverbialinasentencetogiveinformationabouttime,reasonsorresults.Weusetheconstructionhaving+pastparticipletorefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbythemainverb.用法例句時(shí)間Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,I...)在街上走的時(shí)候，我遇到了瑪麗。作狀語用法例句原因Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,….)因?yàn)槠＞?，我停下來休息。條件Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntotheleft,….)向左走，你就會(huì)找到那所學(xué)校。用法例句讓步KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.(=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,….)盡管他知道我的住處，但從不來看我。用法例句伴隨Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=…,andwaitedforher.)我站在那兒等她。結(jié)果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.(=Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthearea.)在這個(gè)地方雨下的如此大，以致引發(fā)了洪災(zāi)。2.–ing形式的完成式句型主動(dòng)Having+p.p.…,主語+謂語被動(dòng)(Havingbeen)+p.p.…,主語+謂語用法–ing形式的完成式所表示的時(shí)間在謂語動(dòng)詞之前表示被動(dòng)可直接用過去分詞例句Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.(=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,…)工作做完之后，我就回家了。3.使用-ing形式需注意的幾個(gè)問題V-ing(短語)作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在V-ing前面加上它的邏輯主語。MywifehadalongtalkwithSally,explainingwhyshedidn’twantthechildrentoplaytogether.

我妻子與莎莉談了很長時(shí)間,解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們?cè)谝黄鹜妗?explaining是句子主語mywife做的動(dòng)作,它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即explaining的邏輯主語,就是句子的主語mywife。)

Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.（thetrain邏輯主語

+havinggone即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）V-ing短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是V-ing短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而V-ing短語只是全句的一個(gè)狀語部分，V-ing和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。例如:

誤:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,but

hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.正:Hehadbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.-ing的一般式和完成式都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:Openingthedrawer，hetookouthiswallet.(=Heopenedthedrawerandtookouthiswallet.)他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。Comingintotheroom,heputdownhisbag.(=Hecameintotheroomandputdownhisbag.)他走進(jìn)房間，放下提包。Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷過牙,就下樓來吃早飯。

(此句如寫成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.可能指“邊刷牙,邊下樓”。)

Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.小孩兒不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指燙了。

Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.我不知怎樣找到地鐵，就去找警察幫忙。

V-ing的否定形式是在其前加上not,never等否定詞構(gòu)成。1.Whenthey

heardaboutthevolcanotheyrandowntothevillage.Rewritethesentencesusingthepresentortheperfect–ingformoftheunderlinedverbs.Thefirsttwohavedoneforyou.Hearing

aboutthevolcano,theyrandowntothevillage.2.Afterthescientistshadstudiedtheinformationtheypredictedthatthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage.Havingstudied

theinformation,thescientistspredictedthatthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage.Afterstudying…3.BecauseIhadexperiencedearthquakesbefore,Iwasn’tfrightened.Havingexperienced

earthquakesbefore,Iwasn’tfrightened.4.Whenshewokeupinthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasasbrightasday.Wakingup

inthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasasbrightasday.5.Assoonaswehadstoppedthecar,weputonourprotectiveclothing.Havingstopped

thecar,weimmediatelyputonourprotectiveclothing.6.AsIcameoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting.Comingoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting.7.AsIhadneverseenavolcanoeruptingbefore,Iwasveryexcited.Neverhavingseen

avolcanoeruptingbefore,Iwasveryexcited.1.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_____thedesert.(2006湖南卷)

A.covering

B.covered

C.cover

D.tocover高考鏈接2.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.(2006湖北卷)A.do

B.todo

C.doing

D.anddoing3.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,______inthenaturallightduringtheday.(2007天津卷)A.tolet B.lettingC.letD.havinglet4.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow______hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(2007四川卷)A.said B.says C.saying D.tosay5.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork____mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(2007福建卷)A.filled B.filling