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必修5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1.Warmingupexplain及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)解釋;說(shuō)明;闡明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]Hee(cuò)xplainedthathehadbee(cuò)ncheated.他解釋說(shuō)他是上當(dāng)被騙了。Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解釋一下這機(jī)器是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的嗎?Pleaseexplainthisruletome.請(qǐng)給我講解一下這條規(guī)則。不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)解釋;說(shuō)明;辯解I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解釋一下此事。characteristicn.特性;特性Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.獨(dú)特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是.....的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.如此遲鈍是他的特性。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出(建議等);提名;提前,把時(shí)鐘往前撥Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席?[歸納拓展]putdown記下;彈壓 putout關(guān)掉;熄滅putaside放在一邊;儲(chǔ)存;保存 ?putoff推遲;延期putup建造;舉起;張貼? ?puton穿上putaway收好選詞填空(putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout)①Theplanthatyou__(dá)___atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____(dá)alongtheroad.③Firefightershavebee(cuò)ncalledto____(dá)_thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.⑤Don’t__(dá)__(dá)_untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.我們還沒(méi)有決定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。2.drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論conclusion作名詞,意為“結(jié)束,結(jié)論”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后,我對(duì)我的東京之行說(shuō)幾句。2)conclude作動(dòng)詞,“結(jié)束;斷定;決定”。toconclude(作插入語(yǔ))最后,作為總結(jié)(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheat(yī)tendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛,以至于成了照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。3.expert①?n. 專家,能手anexpertinpsychology(心理學(xué))anagriculturalexpert②adj.?純熟的,有專門技術(shù)的anexpertjob需專門知識(shí)的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi參與,注意,照料①bepresentat參與attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②at(yī)tendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve服侍,照顧,看護(hù)Thequeenhadagooddoctorat(yī)tending(on)her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③at(yī)tendto解決,注意傾聽??Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplee(cuò)xposedtocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí),他就感到很振奮。(1)exposedtocholera在句中是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表達(dá)被動(dòng)。意為“患霍亂的”。如:ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。Themansee(cuò)nbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我們看見的那個(gè)人是史密斯專家。(2)expose①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮膚暴露在陽(yáng)光下。②揭露Hee(cuò)xposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他們的詭計(jì)。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.對(duì)貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫無(wú)保存地予以揭發(fā)。exposedadj.暴露的,暴露于風(fēng)雨中的,無(wú)掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露,顯露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿騙局練習(xí):Thedisc,digitally___(dá)__inthestudio,soundedfantasticat(yī)thepartythatnight.A.recorded??B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.對(duì)于它的起因和治療方法人們都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不,連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不關(guān)心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillat(yī)tendthemeetingnextweek.法國(guó)和英國(guó)都將不會(huì)參與下星期的會(huì)議。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.=NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。cure?vt.治療,治愈,改正n.治療,治愈,治療法①curesb(ofsth)治好了某人(的...,...)Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.治療背痛的唯一辦法是休息。WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.那一沉重教訓(xùn)根除了他凡事愛打聽的毛病。Thisillnesscannotbecuredeasily.這種病不好治.②acureforsth.治療…的方法;解決問(wèn)題,改善困境Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?癌癥迄今有無(wú)有效的治療方法?Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.6.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人們既不知道它的病因,也不懂如何治療。每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬(wàn)驚恐的人病死。(1)本句為復(fù)合句,“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied”為主句,everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是“每當(dāng)……”。(2)有些名詞短語(yǔ)或副詞可以起連詞的作用,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,immediately,instantly等。①Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion,shearguesback.每當(dāng)我發(fā)表意見時(shí),她總是辯駁。②Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.我一到這里就感到耳目一新。③ThelasttimeIsawhim,hewasquitewell.我最后一次看到他時(shí),他還相稱健康。④Giveyourfathermybestregardsnexttimeyouseehim.下次你見到你父親時(shí),請(qǐng)代我向他致以最佳的問(wèn)候。[拓展延伸](1)forthefirsttime是介詞短語(yǔ),常用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而thefirsttime是連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)Itisthefirsttimethat...假如前面用is,從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí);假如前面用was,則從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完畢時(shí).(3)It’s(high)timethat(yī)...從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形。It’shightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.該到我們立即采用措施阻止污染的時(shí)候了。7.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.第一種見解是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖,像一股危險(xiǎn)氣體在空中到處漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害人。suggest v.建議;暗示;表白suggest+doing/sth./thatsb.(should)dosth.Maysuggestedapicnicatthewee(cuò)kend.HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreat(yī)Wall.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.*suggest(暗示,表白)+從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagree(cuò)dwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthat(yī)hewashappy.8..Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種見解是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorbvt.(1)專注,聚精會(huì)神beabsorbedin=putone’sheartinto集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.我正專心看書,沒(méi)聽到你的電話。Absorbedinhiswork,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.湯姆專心工作,幾乎忘掉了吃飯和睡覺。(2)吸取,把……吸取入(absorb...into...)Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸取光線。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.這家大公司逐漸將這些小公司吞并了。Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.那個(gè)聰明的男孩把他老師所能教他的所有知識(shí)都理解了。9.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.約翰·斯諾推測(cè)第二種說(shuō)法是對(duì)的的,但需要有證據(jù)。suspectvt.認(rèn)為,懷疑常用短語(yǔ):suspectsthtobe;suspectsbofdoingsth.Theysuspecthimtobethemurderer.(他們懷疑他是兇手)Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]10.....,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.severeadj.嚴(yán)厲地;苛刻的;嚴(yán)格的beseverewith/on對(duì)....嚴(yán)格/嚴(yán)厲Youaretoosevereontheboy.劇痛的;劇烈的;嚴(yán)重的asevereattackoftoothache牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作adv.severely11.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.接下來(lái),約翰·斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街上的水源。Lookinto調(diào)查,了解,研究;朝……里面看與one’sface/eyes等連用,表達(dá)“注視”Helooksintoherfacewithgreat(yī)interest.他饒有愛好地注視著她的臉。和look組成的其他短語(yǔ)lookaround/about環(huán)顧四周lookafter照顧;照料lookback回頭看lookbackon回顧;回想lookdownupon輕視,瞧不起lookfor?qū)で?尋找lookforwardto(doing)盼望lookon旁觀lookon/upon...as把……看作lookout往外看;注意;當(dāng)心lookthrough瀏覽lookup昂首看;查看lookuptosb.尊敬/仰慕某人12.Itsee(cuò)medthatthewaterwastoblame.看來(lái)要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。blame?v.責(zé)備;譴責(zé);把……歸咎于n.過(guò)失;責(zé)備;(過(guò)失、過(guò)錯(cuò)等)責(zé)任①blamesb.forsth./doingsth.為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.②blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人;因某事而指責(zé)某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.③betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人應(yīng)當(dāng)受到譴責(zé);注意:betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備(積極表被動(dòng));應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.④accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人13.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthat(yī)werelinkedtotheBroadStree(cuò)toutbreak.在倫敦的另一地區(qū),他從此外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。linkvt.連接;聯(lián)系n.環(huán);連接;聯(lián)系;紐帶14.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhousee(cuò)veryday.一個(gè)婦女,從布洛德街搬走了,但她非常喜歡水泵的水,她讓人天天從水泵給她家送水。15.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwat(yī)ercarriedthevirus.運(yùn)用這個(gè)額外證據(jù),約翰·斯諾就可以很有把握地宣布污染水?dāng)y帶病菌。announcevt.(1)宣布,宣告(決定、計(jì)劃等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……;告知……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布…Pl(wèi)easeannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.請(qǐng)告知你們班明天不上學(xué)。IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.據(jù)官方消息稱,他不久將再次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。(2)(事情)顯示……;預(yù)告Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鮮艷的花朵顯示春天已經(jīng)來(lái)到。[拓展延伸]announcementn.宣布;口頭告知announcern.播音員makeanannouncement下告知16.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生,約翰·斯諾建議,所有水源都要通過(guò)檢測(cè)。prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.或keep...fromdoingsth.意為“阻止……做某事”①Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.我們能做什么來(lái)防止這種疾病蔓延呢?②Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采用措施阻止這條河受到進(jìn)一步的污染。examinev.檢查;細(xì)查;診察;審問(wèn);盤問(wèn)Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthemat(yī)terwithhim.Thelawyerexaminedthewitness.examinat(yī)ionn.考試;檢查;細(xì)查takeanexaminat(yī)ion參與考試medicalexamination體檢underexamination在檢查中;在審查中17.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.“霍亂王”終于被擊敗了。[辨析]win,beat與defeatwin“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物;beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手,可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebat(yī)tlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Part3.LearningaboutLanguagetakein

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