2023版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練（五）（含解析）

2020版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練（五）（含解析）PAGE23-專題強(qiáng)化練(五)閱讀七選五Passage1(2022·山東臨沂高三模擬)ThemanwhocouldseethefutureTheabilitytopredictthefutureisararetalent.AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov(1920—1992),oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.____1__Nowthatwe'rehere,let'sseewhathegotright.____2__Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury.Specifically,hesaidthat“mobilecomputerizedobjects〞wouldbeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.Here,heclearlypredictedourworldofsmartphones,tablesandotherdevices.Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration.____3__HowdidAsimovdevelophisspecialsenseoffuturedevelopments？__4__Hereadthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparents'candystore.HisscientificinterestgainedsharperfocusatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Asimovwenttostudychemistry,butbecameboredwithpurelaboratoryscience.Instead,hethoughthardaboutthesocialimplications(作用)ofscience.Hewantedtocommunicatehisideastothepublic.__5__Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse(脈搏)ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries(?銀河帝國系列?)．“Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating，〞CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.“Hewasagenius.〞A．Asasmartboy,Asimovtaughthimselftoreadattheageoffive.B．Spaceexplorationreallycanmakeourlifemoreconvenientandcomfortable.C．Backin1983,hewasaskedtopredictwhattheworldwouldlooklikein2022.D．Ontherolethatcomputingwouldplayinthefuture,hewasamazinglyaccurate.E．Asimovhasdevelopedagreatinterestincomputerprogrammingsincechildhood.F．Asanauthor,hisbookswouldfeaturethethemeofsocialchangecausedbytechnology.G．TheInternationalSpaceStationproveshispredictionthatwewouldnotsimplyvisitspacebutseektostaythere.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了科幻大師阿西莫夫和他的預(yù)言的準(zhǔn)確性以及他是如何培養(yǎng)他對(duì)未來開展的特殊意識(shí)的。1．解析：由“AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov(1920—1992),oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.____1__Nowthatwe'rehere,let'sseewhathegotright.〞可知，美國作家艾薩克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的科幻作家之一，他有這樣一種天賦。以及后文“讓我們看看他預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)了什么〞可推知，空格處在本段中起承上啟下的作用。故C選項(xiàng)“早在1983年，他就被要求預(yù)測(cè)2022年的世界會(huì)是什么樣子〞承上啟下。故C選項(xiàng)切題。答案：C2．解析：由“Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury〞可知，阿西莫夫認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)將引發(fā)一場(chǎng)與19世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命相當(dāng)?shù)母锩?，根?jù)第一段可知，下面是講阿西莫夫預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果，故D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)在未來將所扮演的角色。他驚人準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)了〞是說明他預(yù)測(cè)的計(jì)算機(jī)的結(jié)果，與本段內(nèi)容符合，故D選項(xiàng)切題。答案：D3．解析：由“Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration〞可知，關(guān)于太空探索，他也預(yù)測(cè)了。所以空格處要接著說他預(yù)言的結(jié)果。故G選項(xiàng)“國際空間站證明了他的預(yù)言，我們不僅要拜訪太空，還要設(shè)法留在那里〞與太空探索相關(guān)，且是預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。故G選項(xiàng)切題。答案：G4．解析：由“Hereadthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparents'candystore〞可知，他讀了父母糖果店出售的報(bào)紙和雜志。所以空格處要與下一句一起來說明阿西莫夫是如何培養(yǎng)他對(duì)未來開展的特殊意識(shí)的。故A選項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)聰明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五歲時(shí)就開始自學(xué)〞承上啟下。故A選項(xiàng)切題。答案：A5．解析：由“Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse(脈搏)ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries(?銀河帝國系列?)．‘Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating，’CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.‘Hewasagenius.’〞(阿西莫夫?qū)⑹种阜旁诳茖W(xué)和社會(huì)變革的脈搏上。他在?銀河帝國?系列等作品中清楚地呈現(xiàn)了人類即將面臨的困境。英國作家卡魯姆·蔡斯對(duì)英國播送公司說：“他是個(gè)天才。〞)可知，本段主要在說作為一名作家，他的書以科技引起的社會(huì)變革為主題，故F選項(xiàng)“作為一名作家，他的書以科技引起的社會(huì)變革為主題〞是本段主題句。故F選項(xiàng)切題。答案：FPassage2(2022·河南新鄉(xiāng)高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè))WhyStandinLineonBlackFriday?Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.__1__ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng))weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.__2__“ThesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusualannoyingoneswecomeacrossdaytodayattheATMorinthesubway，〞saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratMITwhohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.“Onceayear，〞hesaid,“thelinesareexciting.They'rethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.〞____3__BillieLeClere,45,wasfirstinlineonThursdayatWalmartinManchester,Iowa.ShesaidshewasaregularBlackFridayshopper.Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.Sheandherhusbandhadrecentlyseparated,andhehadtakentheoldTVearlierthatday.“Themarriagedied,nottheTV，〞shesaid.__4__“It'sgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthat'snewer－andit'smine,nothis.〞__5__Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.The“gottahaveit〞atmospheremakespeoplemoreanxious.Sometimesthebehaviourofthequeueturnsviolent.Therefore，linestestpatience，personalspaceespeciallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming(勢(shì)不可擋的)．A．Shoppersareexcitedtobuygifts.B．ButonBlackFriday,it'sanexperience.C．Moreover,thecrowdsarequeuingforgooddeals.D．Manyfamiliesarequeuingtochatwitheachother.E．Theexperiencegaveherasenseofaccomplishment.F．Theyaretryingtoturntheexperienceintoanadventure.G．Thebehaviourofpeopleinlineshasinspireddecadesofresearch.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了人們?yōu)槭裁匆诤谏瞧谖迮抨?duì)。1．解析：根據(jù)前面“Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.〞(排隊(duì)是一種痛苦。在郵局、在售票處、在餐館)，可知，這里為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。但在黑色星期五，這是一種體驗(yàn)。應(yīng)選B。答案：B2．解析：根據(jù)前面“ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng))weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.〞所舉的百思買和沃爾瑪兩個(gè)例子可知，他們(購置者)試圖把這次經(jīng)歷變成一次冒險(xiǎn)。應(yīng)選F。答案：F3．解析：根據(jù)后面舉的例子及“Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.〞(但今年，她帶著一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)來了：買一臺(tái)廉價(jià)的新電視。)中的關(guān)鍵詞agooddeal提示可知，此外，人們正在排隊(duì)買廉價(jià)貨。應(yīng)選C。答案：C4．解析：根據(jù)前句“‘Themarriagedied,nottheTV，’shesaid.〞(她說：“婚姻結(jié)束了，而不是電視。〞)和后句“It'sgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthat'snewer－andit'smine,nothis.〞(要是能有個(gè)新鮮點(diǎn)的東西就好了——而且是我的，不是他的)可知，這次(購物)經(jīng)歷給了她一種成就感。應(yīng)選E。答案：E5．解析：這里是本段的主題句。根據(jù)后句“Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.〞下面是兩個(gè)典型的結(jié)果，可知，排隊(duì)的人的行為引起了幾十年的研究。應(yīng)選G。答案：GPassage3(2022·山東青島高三模擬)Weallhavedays,orevenweeks,onthejobwhenourproductivitydeclines.Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyou'rewastingtimeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.__1__．TurnoffyourcellphoneIfyou'reeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.__2__．Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.OrganizeyourcalendarIt'seasytowastetimewhenyoudon'thaveapresetscheduleoutliningyourdaysatwork.Butifyou'reguiltyofnotmaximizingyourtimeattheoffice,it'llhelptocreateadailycalendarwithblocksoftimeforvarioustasks.Organizeyourspace____3__．Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.Throwawaypapersyoudon'tneed,fileessentialdocumentsinsomesortoforder,andmakeyoursuppliesmoreaccessible.BuildinbreaksSometimeswewastetimeatworkbytalkingtocolleagues,checkingtextmessages,orsurfingtheinternetbecauseourmindsneedabreakfromtheconstantwork.Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyou'dbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.__4__．Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenotice—andthat'sagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.__5__Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.A．Askyourmanagerforpermissiontousehisoffice.B．Hereareafewstepsyoucantaketostopwastingtimeatwork.C．Instead,cleanupyouractandkeepsearchingforwaystobemoreefficient.D．Givefamilymembersandclosefriendsawaytoreachyouinanemergency.E．Conversationsintheofficearefarmoreinterestingthantheworkyouaredoing.F．Amessyworkplacecanmakeyouinefficientevenwhenyou'retryingtodobetter.G．Thisway,you'llgetthatneedoutofyoursystemsoyoucanthengobacktoconcentrating.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇社會(huì)類說明文。工作效率太低怎么辦？試試這4種方法。1．解析：根據(jù)前句“Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyou'rewastingtimeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.〞但如果你的產(chǎn)出效率在持續(xù)下降，可能是因?yàn)槟阍诶速M(fèi)時(shí)間而非專注于手頭上的重要工作，及下文內(nèi)容可知，這里為承上啟下句，這有一些建議可以使你在工作中減少時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)。應(yīng)選B。答案：B2．解析：根據(jù)前句“Ifyou'reeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.〞(當(dāng)你不想在辦公室繼續(xù)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，那就關(guān)掉你的)和后句“Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.〞(只在休息時(shí)間翻開)，可知，在緊急情況下，給你的家人和親密的朋友一個(gè)聯(lián)系你的方法。應(yīng)選D。答案：D3．解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Organizeyourspace(整理你的空間)，和后句“Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.〞(如果你的辦公桌亂糟糟的，擠出點(diǎn)時(shí)間把它整理一下)，可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌亂的工作環(huán)境會(huì)讓你效率低下。應(yīng)選F。答案：F4．解析：根據(jù)前句“Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyou'dbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.〞可知如果這聽起來像你(的情況)，那么你最好安排一些休息時(shí)間，這樣，你就可以得到休息，同時(shí)也可以重新集中注意力。應(yīng)選G。答案：G5．解析：根據(jù)前句“Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenotice—andthat'sagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.〞(你在工作中浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間越多，你的經(jīng)理和同事就越容易注意到——這是一個(gè)傷害你聲譽(yù)和使你的工作處于危險(xiǎn)中的好方法)，和后句“Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.〞(這樣做可能會(huì)讓你從忙碌的夜晚中解脫出來)，可知，相反，清理你的行為，繼續(xù)尋找更有效的方法。應(yīng)選C。答案：CPassage4(2022·深圳高三調(diào)研)LearntoCiteSources(引用資料)Duringyouruniversityeducation,you'llbeexposedtoideasandscientifictheoriesofscholarsandscientists.Unavoidably,yourownideaswillbeshapedbytheideasyoucomeacross.__1__Thatmeansyoushouldgobeyondwhatyoulearninyourtextbooksorinthelibrary.Youroriginalworkisthebasisforyourprofessor'sevaluationofyourperformance.Thus,academichonestyisfundamentalinyouruniversityeducation.Itdemandsthatyoucitethesourcematerialsyoubaseyourownworkon.__2__Correctlycitingyoursourceshelpsyoudistinguishyourownideasfromthoseofotherscholars.Onthereaders'side,itpermitsareadertodeterminethedepthofyourresearch.__3__Onthecontrary,lackofcitingwillonlyraiseyourreader'sdoubt.Soyouneedtolearnwhentociteandhowtoprovideanadequateoraccuratereferencelist.Ifyoufailtociteyoursources,whetherdeliberatelyorcarelessly,youwillbefoundresponsibleforplagiarism(抄襲).__4__Ifyouarenotsure,askyourprofessorforguidancebeforesubmittingthepaperorreport.Keepinmindthisgeneralrule:whenindoubt,cite!__5__Forexample,studentsfromEastAsiamaythinkthatcopyingdirectlyfromsourcesistheproperwaytodoresearch.StudentsinFrance,preparingforthefinalexamination,maybeencouragedtomemorizewholepassagesandcopythemintopapers.Thoseculturaldifferencescanleadtofalseassumptionsaboutacademicexpectationsinthecountryyoustudyin.A．Someuniversitystudentsmaycheatindifferentways.B．Theseincludeotherscholars'ideas,figures,graphsandsoon.C．Theacademicchallengeyoufaceistomakesomethingoriginal.D．Often,studentswanttouseothers'opinionstosupporttheirownessays.E．Italsoallowsareadertoappreci