2023年大學(xué)四級試題

大學(xué)四級－6６8(總分69３,考試時間90分鐘)PartⅠWriｔingDirｅctions:Fortｈisparｔ,youaｒｅaｌlowed3０mｉnutestｏwrｉｔeashortessayentｉｔledＴhｅPopuｌarityofSelf－ＤｒivｅＴoｕriｓm.Yousｈoｕlｄwriｔeａt(yī)ｌeast12０worｄs.folｌowingtｈeoｕtlinｅgiｖｅnｂeｌow：１.１．隨著私家車越來越多，人們開始選擇自駕游的方式外出旅行２．自駕游的利與弊3.我的觀點ThePopuｌaｒitｙofSｅlｆ-DｒiｖeToｕrism__＿____＿_＿＿____＿_____＿__＿＿__＿________＿____＿_＿_____＿_＿______＿_______＿__＿＿＿_______＿______________＿________＿___＿____＿__________＿____＿___＿________＿_______＿__＿__________＿__＿_＿____＿_____＿____＿__＿＿＿________＿__＿_＿＿＿__________＿____＿_＿_____＿___________＿_____＿__＿_＿_＿__＿__ＰarｔⅡRｅａdingＣｏmprehｅnsion(SｋｉmmｉnｇａndSｃanｎinｇ)Dｉrections:Iｎｔｈispart，yoｕwｉllｈaｖｅ1５ｍinutestogooverthｅpａssagｅｑuｉcklyａndanswertｈｅｑuｅstionsonAnｓwｅｒShｅeｔ1.Ｆorｑｕestioｎs１—７,ｃhoosetｈebｅsｔanｓｗeｒfrｏmthｅfouｒｃhoiｃesｍaｒｋedA),Ｂ)，C)andD)．Ｆoｒｑuｅstｉｏns8—10，coｍpｌetethｅsentenceｓwiththeinfｏrmationｇiｖenintheｐassage.HappinｅssandSaｄnesｓHaｐpｉneｓsandｓadnessareｔｗomostbａsｉcａndfamiliaｒfeeｌｉｎgｆorhumａnbeings.Recentlｙ,peoplehａｖｅａchｉevedｆurtheｒunｄeｒstaｎｄingaｂoutｔhem．HapｐinessUniversityofIllinｏis，psyｃhoｌogistＥｄDieneｒ,ｗhoｈasstudiedhappinｅｓｓｆoraqｕａrtercenｔｕrｙ,ｗａsinＳcoｔlandrecentlｙ,explainiｎgtomｅmbｅrsoｆPaｒlｉamｅｎtａndbusiｎeｓslｅaｄｅrstheｖalueoｆｉｎcrｅaｓinｇｔraｄitｉｏｎalmeasuresofacounｔry'sweaｌthwithanationaliｎdexofhappineｓｓ．Suchaｎｉndｅｘwoulｄmeａsurepoliciesknｏwntoiｎｃreaｓｅpeｏple'ssenseofwｅｌｌ-beｉng,suchａsdemoｃｒaticfｒeeｄomｓ,ａｃcｅｓsｔｏhｅａlthcareａndｔhｅｒuleoflaｗ．ＥｒiｃWilsontｒieｄｔogetwｉththeprogｒaｍ.Urgedｏnｂｙfriends,hebｏｕghtｂookｓonhowtｏbecｏmehａppｉer.Hｅmaｄeeｖeryｅfｆoｒｔtosmoｏthｏuthiｓhａbitualwoｒriedlｏｏｋandwｅａraｓuｎnysｍilｅ,sinceaｈａppｙｅxｐreｓsioncaｎｌｅａdtogenuinｅlｙhａppyfeｅlings.Ｗilson,apｒoｆessｏrｏｆEngliｓhatWaｋｅForｅｓtUnｉｖeｒsiｔy，tookuｐｊoｇgiｎｇ，repｕtｅdｔobooｓttｈeｂrａin'sｓuｐpｌyofjoyfulｎeuｒo-chemicals,anｄbeganhｉsconversatｉonsｗith"great！"anｄ"wondｅrfuｌ!＂,tｈebeｔｔertｏexercisehiscapaciｔyforｅnthuｓiasm.Howeｖeｒ,ｓomｅsciｅｎtiｓｔsarereｌeasingtheｍost-ｅxｔｅnsive－eｖｅrstudycompａrｉnｇmoｄerａt(yī)eandextｒemelevelｓofｈappｉneｓs，ａｎdfｉｎdingthatbeinｇhａppｉeｒｉsnotalwayｓbetteｒ.Insurveysof１1８５19pｅopｌｅfrom9６ｃountriｅｓ，scｉenｔｉstｓｅxaminedhowvaｒiouslevelsoｆsubjectｉvewelｌ－beiｎgｍatｃheｄupwiｔhinｃｏmｅ,ｅduｃatioｎ,pｏliｔｉcalｐarticiｐatｉon,voｌuｎteeracｔｉvitiesaｎdclｏｓerｅlatiｏnｓhｉpｓ.Tｈeyaｌsoａｎaｌyzｅｄhｏwｄiｆｆeｒeｎtlevelsoｆhappｉnesｓ,aｓreporteｄbycolｌｅgｅstudents,ｃｏrrelateｄｗiｔhｖariousouｔcomes.Evｅnａllowiｎgforimpｒｅcisｉoniｎpｅｏplｅ'ｓsｅｌｆ-repoｒtｅｄsｅnseｏｆwell-beｉng,thｅresultｓwｅｒeunaｍbｉguous.Thehighesｔlevｅｌｓofhａpｐinesｓgoaloｎgｗｉththemoststablｅ，lｏngesｔandmostconｔentｅdｒｅlaｔionshｉpｓ.Thａt(yī)is,eveｎalittｌediｓconteｎtwiｔhyoｕrpartnercaｎcauseyoutolｏokａrounｄｆoｒsoｍeｏｎebeｔｔer,uｎtilｙoｕareatｂｅstaserialmonogamｉsｔａｎdatworｓtnｅｖｅrinaloving,sｔabｌｅrelaｔｉonｓhip.Ｎｅveｒｔheleｓs,"oｎｃeamoderａt(yī)ｅlｅｖｅlofhａppineｓｓiｓaｃhievｅd,ｆuｒｔheriｎcreａsｅscａnsomeｔimesbｅharｍfultｏincomｅ,carｅersuccesｓ,eduｃatiｏnaｎdpｏliｔiｃalparｔiｃipation"，ＤieｎerandcｏllｅagueswriteｉｎｔheｊｏurnalPeｒspeｃtiｖｅsoｎPsychologiｃalＳciｅｎｃｅ.Ｏｎascalefｒｏm１tｏ１0,whｅre１0sisextｒemelyhａpｐy,8sismoreｓuccessfuｌthａn9saｎd1０ｓ,geｔtingmoｒeeducaｔｉoｎanｄeaｒｎinｇｍoｒｅ.Thaｔprobａblyｒeflｅctstheｆactｔhaｔpｅoｐlewhoaresomewｈatdisｃonｔent,ｂutnｏｔsodeｐｒessedastobｅpａralｙｚed,ａremｏrｅmotivateｄtoimｐrｏvｅbｏtｈthｅｉrownloｔ(thusdriviｎｇtheｍseｌveｓtoacｑuiｒemoreeｄucatiｏnａndsｅｅkｅveｒ-more-challenｇｉngjobｓ)anｄtｈelotoftheircommunｉty（ｃausｉngｔhemｔopaｒticiｐａt(yī)eｍoreinciviｃａｎdpoliticaｌliｆe)．Iｎcｏnｔrａst，peopleａt(yī)thetopofｔｈejｏｌlinesscｈartｓfeeｌnosuchurgency．"Ifyou'retoｔａlｌysatisfｉｅdwiｔhyｏurlifeandｗithｈowthingsaregoiｎｇiｎｔｈeｗｏｒlｄ,"sａysDiｅner,"ｙouｄon'tfeelverymｏtiｖatｅdtowoｒkfoｒchanｇe．Bｅｗarｙwhenｐeopleｔelｌyｏｕthatyｏuｓhoulｄbehappier."SaｄneｓsＴhedrａwbacｋsofcｏnstａnｔ,eｘｔremehａｐpinessｓｈｏuｌｄnotbeｓuｒprising，sincenegativeemotionｓevolvedforaｒeaｓon.Feartipｓuｓofftoｔhepｒesenceoｆdａｎger,forinsｔance.Sａｄneｓs,ｔoｏ,seemｓｔoｂeｐartｏfoｕｒbioloｇicalｉｎｈeｒiｔａncｅ.Wｉｌsｏnａrguesthatonlyｂyexperｉenｃiｎgsadｎesscaｎweexpｅrieｎcetｈｅfｕllnesｓofthehumanｃondiｔion.Heaｌsoassertsthａｔ"ｔｈeｈapｐymａnisaholloｗｍan,"butｈeishaｒdlｙtheｆｉrstsｃhｏlａrtoseemｅlａncholia(精神憂郁癥)ａsｉnspｉratiｏｎ.AｃlassiｃalGｒeekｔexｔ，pｏssiblywrｉttenbｙAristotｌe,asｋs,＂Ｗｈyｉsｉｔthaｔallthosｅwhohａｖｅｂｅcomeoutstandiｎｇinphilosｏpｈyorpｏlitiｃｓorpｏｅｔｒyortheaｒtsarecleａrｌymelancholｉc?"Wilｓon'sａnswerisｔｈaｔ"thebｌｕeｓcanbeacａt(yī)aｌyst(催化劑）fｏraspecialkｉnｄofｇeniｕs,aｇｅｎiusforeｘplorinｇｄarｋbｏunｄａrieｓbetｗｅenoｐposｉtes."Tｈeever-ｒesｔlesｓ，tｈecｈｒonicallyｄisｃontenｔ，aredissatisfiｅdwｉthtｈeｓtaｔusquo,ｂeiｔinaｒtoｒｌｉtｅｒatureorｐoｌitics.Ｆorａllｔheｉrfamilｉaｒity,theｓeaｒgumentsareneverthelｅsｓbeｉngcrｕsheｄｂｙｔhｅhａppｉｎesｓmovｅment．LasｔAugusｔ,ｔhenｏvelistMarｙGordｏnlaｍｅnteｄtoThｅNewYorkTimesthaｔ"aｍongｗritｅｒs…,wｈatiｓabsolutｅlyｎｏｔallｏwａbleissａdnｅss.Ｐeoplｅwｉlｌｄｏanythｉngｒathｅｒtｈaｎtoａcｋnoｗleｄgetｈａt(yī)theyaresad．"And,JｅssDecourcｙHinds,anEnglｉｓhtｅａcｈeｒ,reｃｏuntedｈｏw,afteｒｈｅrfatherｄiｅd，frｉeｎｄspresseｄhertodistracｔｈerselffromｈerpｒｏfoundｓａdnｅsｓandｓｅnsｅoflosｓ．"Whydoｎ'tｐeoｐleaccepｔthａｔafteraｐａrent'ｓdeａｔｈ,thereｗｉllbeyeａrsｏｆｇｒief？"shewrote."Eｖerｙoｎｅｗaｎtsmourｎｅrsto＇snapoutofit'beｃauseobseｒvingａnoｔheｒ'sdisｔressiｓn'tｅaｓｙ."Ｉt＇shardtosａyｅxaｃtlywhenoｒdｉnarｙAｍeriｃａns，ｎoｌｅssthanｐsyｃhiatrｉsts(精神病學(xué)家),bｅganiｎsiｓtiｎgｔhatsaｄｎessispatｈologｉcａl(病態(tài)的).Butbｙthｅendofthemiｌleｎniumｔhaｔaｔtitｕｄewasｗellesｔablished.Ｉn１9９９,ArｔhurＭiller'sＤeatｈoｆａSalesｍａｎwasreｖｉvedｏnBroａdwａy５０ｙearsaftｅｒｉｔｓpremieｒe.Aｒeｐorteraskedtwopsychiaｔｒｉｓｔstoreaｄthescript.Ｔheirdiagnosｉｓ:ＷillｙLomａnwassufferingfｒoｍclinicalｄepresｓｉｏn,apaｔholｏgiｃalcondｉtiｏｎｔhatcouldandshouldｂetreａｔedwithdｒuｇs．Mｉllerwａsappalled."Lｏmaｎisｎｏtaｄｅpressiｖe,"ｈｅｔoｌｄThｅNｅｗＹｏrkＴimes."Ｈeisｗeigheddownbylifｅ.Therearesocialreａｓoｎsｆorｗhyheiswhｅrｅhｅis."Ｗhａt(yī)sｏcietyonｃevｉｅweｄａｓａnapproｐriaｔereａctｉｏntofailedｈopｅｓanddasheddｒeams,itｎowrｅgａrdsasapsychｉaｔrｉｃillness.AsＮＹＵ＇sWaｋefｉeldanｄＡｌlanＨorwiｔzofＲutgerｓUniversitｙpointoｕtinTheＬosｓofSadness＇,thｉsmessａgehａｓitsrｏotsｉnthebibleofmentａlillness,ThｅDiａgnoｓｔicaｎｄＳtatｉstｉcａlＭanｕaｌｏｆMenｔalDiｓordｅrs.Iｔsdefinitｉonoｆａ"majoｒdｅｐreｓｓiveｅpｉsode＂iｓremarkaｂlybroad.Youmustexperiencｅfiｖenｏｔ-ｕｎｃoｍmonsyｍptoms，ｓuchasinｓomniａ(失眠）,ｄｉｆfｉｃulｔyconｃeｎtｒaｔiｎｇａｎdｆeeｌｉngｓａdorｅmpty,fｏｒtwoｗeeｋｓ;tｈesｙmptomｓmusｔｃaｕｓedistressｏrｉmpairment，ａndtheycannotｂedｕetｏｔheｄeathoｆａlovedonｅ.Anｙoｎeｍeetingtheseｃriterｉaissｕpposedtobetｒeaｔed．Ｗheｎｓomeoｎｅisappｒopriaｔｅlysａd，fｒiendｓanｄcolｌｅaguesoｆferｓupportaｎdｓyｍpathy．Buｔbyｌａbelｉngaｐｐropriatesａｄnesｓｐａt(yī)hｏlogical,"wｅｈａｖｅattａchedastｉgｍatoｂeｉｎｇsａｄ，"saysＷakｅfieｌd,"withtｈeresulｔtｈａt(yī)ｄｅprｅssiｏｎtｅｎdstｏeｌicｉthostilityandｒｅjectiｏn"ｗitｈaｎuｎdｅrcｕrrｅntｏｆ"'Ｇetｏveriｔ;ｔａｋｅapilｌ.＇Thenormａｌrａnｇeofhuｍanemotionisnotbｅingtｏｌeratｅd.""Wｅdon'ｔkｎowhowdruｇｓrｅactwithnormalsａdｎｅsｓanｄitｓfunctioｎs,sｕｃhasrecｏｎstitutinｇyourlifeoutoftheｐain,＂sayｓWaｋefield.Ｔhｏsepsychiatｒiｓtｓalsoeｘpｒessdoubtsｔoｍeｄｉｃalisethesadｎess．１．AｃｃｏrｄingｔｏＥdDienｅr,ｗhicｈｏftｈｅｆolloｗｉngcａnｂｅmeａsureｄｂythｅindexofhappｉneｓs?ＡTheｓｔandaｒｄｏfmoralitBＴhｅfｒeｅdomoｆsｐeecＣThｅsenｓeｏfwelｌ-bｅinＤThｅaccｅｓstｏhealthcａr2．Iｎｏｒdeｒtobｅhaｐpy,Wiｌｓｏnｔriedmanywayssucｈａs_＿____.AboｒｒｏwｉnｇbooｋｓｏnhｏwtoｂecomeｈapｐｉeｒBｔrｙiｎgｔoｋeepaｓunnｙｓmileCstartinghisconversaｔionswith"Hello!＂Ｄｔrｙinｇtｏｈaｖeaｇoｏdｒeｓt３.Whohavetｈehighestｌevelofhaｐｐineｓｓacｃoｒdingtｏthｅｓurveｙiｎ96coｕntries？AＰeoplewiththemoｓtwｅalｔＢPeoplewitｈthebｅsthｅａｌtCPeoplｅｗiththehｉgｈestpositioＤPeoplｅwithtｈemostｓtablereｌationshi４.AcｃｏrdingtoDieneｒ'ssｔateｍeｎtsinPerspeｃｔiveｓoｎPsｙｃhｏlogicalSciｅnce,theｐersｏnwiｔhthｅmｏdeｒａt(yī)eｌeveｌｏfｈａpｐineｓｓwillget_____＿．AmorｅeduｃationBmｏdeｒatesｕccesｓＣlessｅaｒnｉngＤmoｒereputaｔion5．AｃｃordingtｏＤiener,whｙdｏthoｓｅpeｏｐleｗiththeｈighｅstlevelofｈaｐpｉneｓｓｈａｖｅｌeｓsmｏtivatiｏnｔomｏvｅahead？ABecausetheyhavesｐentallｔheｉｒtimｅpｕｒsuiｎｇthｅhappinesBBecaｕsethｅｙdon'tallowtheｉrwoｒｋｔoａｆfectｔheirfeeｌinｇｏｆhａppｉｎｅsＣＢｅcaｕｓeｔheｙaretoｏsaｔisfiedｗｉthhappiｎesｓthｅｙhaｖｅowｎｅDBeｃauｓetheｙdonoｔlikｅpｅoplｅtoteｌｌthemｔobｅhappie6.ＷｈｉｃhｏfｔhefolｌoｗｉｎgistｈｅposｓiｂleanswｅｒtotheqｕｅsｔｉonｓsetbyＡrisｔoｔｌeinWilsｏn'sｏpiｎion?ＡThesadnｅsｓcａnmakｅonebｅsｔｒｏnｇｅＢThesａdnｅssｃanmａkeonebｅinteｌligeｎCTｈeｓaｄneｓｓcanforcｅonｅtothinkmorｅdeeplＤＴｈesaｄｎesscaｎmａｋeonｅmorｅdeprｅsｓe7．Afterｔhedeathofherfather,frieｎdsoｆJessHiｎｄｓtriedtohｅlpheｒoutof_＿____．ＡwｏｒｋｉｎgｐresｓurｅBemoｔionａｌｔｒoublｅＣｅconｏmicpressureDmarｒｉagepｒｏblｅm8.９．1０.PaｒｔⅢListeningComｐｒeｈｅnsionＳeｃtioｎA(yù)Dirｅｃｔiｏｎs:Inthｉsｓection，yｏｕwilｌhear8shｏrtcoｎvｅrsationsａnd2longconversaｔｉoｎs.Attheenｄｏfeachconverｓatｉon，oｎeormorequｅstｉoｎswiｌlbeaｓkedabｏuｔwhatwassａｉｄ.Boththeconversatｉoｎandｔheｑuestｉonｓｗillｂespｏkenoｎlyonce．Afteｒeaｃｈquestiontherewilｌbｅapauｓｅ.Duｒiｎgｔｈｅpause,youmusｔreaｄthefouｒchoｉcesmaｒｋedA),Ｂ),C）aｎdD）,ａndｄｅｃiｄewhｉcｈｉsthｅbestａnｓｗeｒ．TheｎmａrｋthecoｒrespｏndｉnｇlettｅronＡｎswerＳhｅｅｔ2wiｔhasinｇleｌｉｎｅthroughthｅcentｒe．11.AＩtwillbevｅｒｙfaBItwilltａkepｌaｃe,asｐlａｎneCＩｔwasｃancelｅｄonSａt(yī)ｕｒｄaＤTｈeaｒrangeｍenｔｓareuncertａinｓoｆa12.ＡSｈepａinｔｅdｉtbyｈersｅｌBShｅｈiredherbroｔhertopａiｎtiＣＩtｎeedsｔobepainteDItiｓｎ'tbｅaｕtifullypainte13.AShewasｓlimmｅrｔheBSｈｅwas14０poｕndsｔhｅCＳｈｅwaｓ160ｐoｕｎdsｔhｅDShｅwasｉnverygooｄfｉｇｕrethe１4.AThｅaudｉeｎｃｅhelｐedtｈｅpianiｓBTheaｕdｉeｎceｓhｏoktｈeｐianist＇sｈanCTheaudieｎcedｉｓlikedｔhｅｐiａｎisｔ'sperforｍａncＤＴｈeaudieｎceapｐｌａｕdedtｈepiaｎiｓt'sｐerｆormａnc15.AShefｅelsfｉnＢShefｅelssicCSheｆeeｌｓbetｔeDＳhｅfｅelstire1６．ＡThestudentstooｋaphysicaltｅstthatafｔernoｏＢＴｈｅstuｄｅntshａdtotａｋｅpａｒtinｔhephyｓicalｌaｂoCThｅteaｃｈerputoｆfthｅphysiｃalｌaboＤTherewｏn'ｔbｅａｐhysicaｌtestthisafternｏo１7.ＡＳingthｅsonｇforhｉsfrｉeｎdsｆirｓBCｏntinuetｏpracticethesongfoｒaｗｅeCＰretｅｎｄtｈathｅispeｒfoｒmｉngforhisfｒiｅndDJoinｉnｔｈeactinｇｇrouptomａｋeafｅwｆriend１8.AＴhewｏmａｎｗｉllaｒrivｅattｈesｔatｉoniｎtｅｎminutｅBTｈewomａnhasfｉfteeｎmｉnutesｔogｅｔtｏｔhesｔatioCThemａｎthiｎkｓhｅｗilｌbeabｌetoｒeacｈtｈestaｔiｏｎintenｍinuｔeDTｈｅmantｈinksｈeｗillnoｔbｅaｂletｏgｅtｔｏthｅsｔatiｏnonｔｉmQuesｔｉｏns1９ｔｏ2１areｂasedonｔｈｅｃonversationｙoｕhavejustｈｅard．１9.ABｅforｅfinishinｇschoｏBAfterｆiｎｉshｉnｇuｎiｖeｒｓitCＤuｒinｇherunｉveｒｓitycoursDBetｗeenｓchｏoｌaｎdunｉverｓit20．AIntｅｒnationａlchildrｅｎ'spｒojecｔBSocialandｅnviroｎｍｅntalｐrｏjectCＰrojecｔsｆorpeｏplｅwｉthｎomoｎeDＰｒojectsinvoｌvingspoｒtsandlanguａge2１.ＡMaiｎｌyｆｒomLondｏＢＭaiｎlyfｒｏｍEnglａnCFromdｉffｅreｎtcountrｉｅDFroｍｃharityｏrganｉzatiｏnQuesｔions２２ｔo25arebａｓedoｎtｈｅcoｎvｅrｓａt(yī)ｉonｙouhａｖejustheａrｄ．2２.AＰｅoplｅindeveｌｏｐingcｏｕntrieBＰeoｐlelivinginpooｒｃonditｉoｎCPeopｌeiｎｔhe１950DPeoｐleinNewYor23．A12millｉoB8.1miｌlioＣ14ｍiｌliｏD26miｌlio24.ＡHealthｃarBHｏｕsinｇｐｒｏbｌeCＴｒansｐorｔａt(yī)ionprobleDEｄucaｔionalproble２５.ＡＴoｋｙoｉnＪaｐaBBeijｉngiｎＣhｉnCShanｇｈaiｉｎＣｈinDＳeｏｕｌinSouthKoｒｅSｅcｔionＢＤiｒectｉons:Ｉnthisseｃtion，yｏuwilｌhear3sｈortpassages.Atｔheendofeachpaｓsage,yｏｕｗilｌheａrsomeｑuestｉonｓ.Boｔhtheｐassaｇeandtheqｕestionsｗillｂｅｓpｏｋenｏnlyoncｅ.Afｔｅｒyouheaｒaqｕestion,ｙoumustｃhooｓetｈeｂｅstanｓwｅrfｒｏmtｈｅfourchoicesmaｒkedA）,B）,Ｃ)aｎdD).ThenmａrkthｅｃｏｒresponｄｉngletteｒｏnAnswerShｅet2withasiｎglelｉneｔｈroughｔｈecentre.Questioｎs２6to２８ａrｅｂasedontｈepaｓsageyｏuｈａｖejustheａrｄ．26．ＡＰｅｏpledon＇tofｔｅｎｅａt(yī)ＥnglｉｓhfｏoBPeｏpledon'tliｋeＥngｌｉsｈｆooＣPeopleｗｈoｔraveｌtoBｒitａineatEnｇliｓhfoｏdinEngｌishhomDPeｏplｅwhotｒaveｌｔoBｒｉtaindoｎ'tｋｎｏｗｍｕcｈａboutEngliｓhｆoｏ２7．ＡTheｓpeａｋeｒtｈiｎｋstｈatｗeｌivｅtｏeat,ｂutnoteattolivＢThｅspeakerdoｅsn'ttｈinｋthａt(yī)wｅｓhｏuldeatwhｅnliviｎCＴhｅspeakerthinksthatwｅｅaｔtｏlive,bｕｔnotlivｅtoｅａＤTheｓpeａkerthｉnｋsthatｗeeatｔｏliveａndlivｅｔoea2８．ATｈecｒiｔiｃｉｓｍofEnｇlｉshfoodｂyｖisitｏrｓisｕｎfａiＢItisimpｏｓｓｉｂleｔofinｄgoodEnglishｆｏodｉnlargeｔowｎＣＡswｅｌlａsｆｏodpeoplealsｏｔrａveｌtoBritainforsｈoｐpinganｄsightｓeeinDＩfpｅoplｅcompｌaｉnaｂｏutEｎｇlishfooｄ,ｔhｅyｗilｌgｅｔbetteｒfoｏQueｓｔions29to31aｒebａsedonｔhｅpaｓsaｇeyoｕｈavejusｔhearｄ．29.ＡRｅdCrossworkｅｒsareinmanyｃoｕntrieBＲedＣrossonlyｅxiｓtsiｎtheUnitedStateCRｅdCｒosｓｉsaｎotｈernamｅｆorwoｒldhｏspｉtaDManypeopｌｅwhoareiｎneｅdｗoｒkｉnＲedCroｓ30.ASuppｌｙingbloodfｏrｐeopｌeｗhｏneeＢPrｏvidinganumberofsｅrvicｅsforｔhepubliCHelpｉnｇtheｓickandｗouｎdedｄuringthewaＤＡidｉnｇpeoｐlｅｗhｏwｅｒeｉnｊurｅｄｉｎanearｔhｑｕaｋ３１.AＩn1875.BIn1８9５.CIｎ18８1.DＩn18１8.Ｑｕestions3２to35ａrｅbasedoｎthepａｓｓageｙｏuhavejｕstheａrd.32.AＴhｅwoｒｋｅrsonｔheundergrｏundpｌatformsweｒereｐlacedbｙmａｃｈｉｎeBＩｔｂecametheｆirsｔｃompｌetelyａｕｔomaｔiｃrａiｌwayinthｅwｏrlＣＡcompleｔｅlyautomatｉｃlinｅwasaｄdｅdtoitsneｔworＤItstｒainsｂecａｍeｃomｐuｔer-cｏｎtｒolle33.AＡplatformwｏrｋeBＡcｏｍpuｔeCThecommandsｐoＤAｍachin3４．AＴodriveｔhｅtrainafteritiｓsｔarｔedaｕｔｏmaｔｉcａllＢTostarｔtｈetraiｎandｔｏdriveitwhennecessaｒCToｔaｋｅcareｏfthepassengerｓｏｎthｅｔrａiＤTosendｃommａｎdiｎgｓignalstothｅｃoｍｍandsｐo3５.AItwillｓtoｐautomatｉｃalｌBＩtｗiｌｌmoｖeonａt(yī)tｈeｓameｓｐeeCＩtwillgrａｄualｌｙslｏｗdowDItwｉllkeｅpasafedistancｅｆｒｏmtheｏtｈｅrtraｉnSecｔiｏnCDirｅｃtionｓ:Inｔhｉsｓecｔion,ｙouwillhearaｐaｓsaｇethrｅｅtｉｍes．Whｅnthepaｓｓaｇeisreadfｏrtheｆirsｔtiｍe,youｓｈouldｌｉstｅncａrｅｆullｙfｏritsgeｎeraｌidea.Whenthepassageisrｅadfortheseｃondtime,youarerequｉｒeｄtｏJｉllintｈeblａnksnuｍberｅdfrom３6ｔo43withtheexactwoｒｄｓyouhａvｅjuｓthearｄ.Forｂlankｓｎumberｅｄfrom４４to46youａrerequｉrｅdtofｉllｉｎtheｍｉｓsiｎgｉnfｏrmation.Ｆｏrthｅseblanks,yｏucａｎｅitheｒｕseｔｈeexactwｏｒdsyouhaｖｅjusｔhｅardorwritedowｎthemａinpｏintｓinyｏurowｎwords.Ｆinaｌly,wｈｅnthｅｐaｓsaｇeｉsreaｄfortheｔhirdtime,yｏushouｌdｃhｅｃkwhａt(yī)yｏuhavewritｔen.ScｉeｎtistsiｎI(lǐng)nｄiahavediscoveredａwayｔomakｅbambｏoplantsproｄucefloweｒｓinlaｂoratｏry．TheＢritｉｓh（３6)Naｔurｅｒeceｎtlyrepoｒtedthe(3７)eｖent.Intｈewｉlditcantakeaslonｇasonｅhundｒedandtwenｔyｙeａrsｆorsｏmｅｋｉnｄsｏfbａｍbootofloｗｅr,andaｆｔerｔheplaｎｔ(３8)itsｓｅedsiｔdies.Ｔhｅbambｏoplanｔisusedinmanydｉｆferentwayｓ．Ｂutbecauseitｔakｅssｏlonｇtoproｄucesｅeds,scｉentistｓneveｒ(3９）itaｔｒaｄitioｎａlfarｍｃｒop.Theｒeｃent(40)ｉｎI(lǐng)ｎdiamaychangeｔhａt(yī)．Tｈe(4１）wasdoｎeａt(yī)ｔhｅNatｉonalＣhemicalLaborａt(yī)oｒyｉnInｄiａ.Ｔhrｅｅｓｃiｅntisｔscｕttwohｕnｄｒeｄpiｅｃｅsfrｏｍtｗodiｆfｅrentkindsofｂambｏopｌants;eachwasａｆew(42)lｏｎｇ.Ｔｈetinｙcuttingsweｒeplacedintｈｅ(4３)ofcｏcoｎｕtsmilk,plant-growtｈhorｍoｎeａndothｅｒnutｒiｅnts.Justafewｗeekslａt(yī)er，flowｅrsbｅgａntｏappｅaｒ．(44).Twｏｗｅｅkｓaftｅrthａt(yī)tｈｅplanｔｓbeganｔoproduceseeds.(4５).Oneoｆｔheｍhadｎotputｔhebaｍbooseedsiｎsoｉl,ｂutheｂｅlievｅstheywillpｒoduｃeplａnts.TheIｎdiansciｅnｔistｓｎowarｅplａnnｉnｇeｘｐeｒimeｎtstｏsee(46）.Bａmbooreprｏduceｓｉｎtwoways.Ｉtｆlowerｓaｎｄｐｒｏducesｓeｅdｓ.Itａlsoprodｕcｅsnewｇrｏwthfroｍｉtｓrooｔs.BaｍboｏplａntsgrowiｎgfromitsroｏｔsarｅｃａlleｄZhuSuniｎChｉnａ.Ｂamboｏshootｓaredugｕpaｎdｒeplaｎtedinｔhefieｌd．Ｆarmerｓｈarveｓttheleaｖeｓ.Tｈeyfeedtheｍtotheｉrａniｍals.36.37.3８.39.4０.41．42．43．４4.45.４6．PaｒtⅣReadiｎgCompｒehension(ＲeａdｉngiｎＤepｔｈ）ＳectioｎA(yù)Diｒectiｏns:Inthisｓｅctioｎ,ｔhｅreiｓapａssagewitｈｔenblanｋｓ.Youarｅｒeｑuiｒedｔoｓeleｃtonewｏrdforeachbｌankfromaliｓtofchoiceｓgiveｎｉnaｗordbａnｋfｏllowｉngthepassagｅ.Readtheｐasｓagｅthroughcarefｕlｌybｅforeｍａkingyoｕｒchoiｃeｓ.Eaｃhchoiｃeｉnthebａnkisidｅntｉfiedｂyaletｔer.PｌeasｅｍarkthｅcorrespoｎdｉngleｔtｅrfoｒeａchiｔemonＡnswｅrSｈｅｅt2wｉｔhaｓingleｌinethｒougｈthｅcentre.Ｙounｏｔuseａｎｙofｔｈewordsｉnｔhebａnkｍoreｔhaｎonce.Qｕｅstiｏns4７to5６areｂasedonthefoｌlｏwｉngｐaｓsａge.Althoughｔｈeenjoymｅntofｃoloｒｉｓunivｅｒsaｌandcoｌｏｒｔheoryhasａllkｉndsofnａmesｔoit,ｃoｌoｒrｅmainｓａverｙｅｍotiｏnalandsubｊecｔiｖeｅｌemenｔ．Ｏｕrａwareｎesｓoｆcｏｌoris(47)conditionedbyourculｔｕrｅ,butcoｌoralsoprｏbabｌｙ(4８）ouriｎstiｎcts.Ourｐsyche(心智)reａctsindiffereｎtwayｓtocoｌｏrsiｎpaｒｔｔhｒｏｕｇｈｓubｊectｉve(49)andｉnpaｒtｔｈroｕｇhcｕlturａlcondiｔioning，aｎｄthｅtwoaｒeofteｎhａｒdtosｅparａt(yī)e.Blackanｄwhitｅ,foｒｅxamｐle,(5０)usintuiｔively(直覺)ｏfｎigｈtandday,dａrｋｎesｓaｎdｌight;thｅirlinkwｉtheviｌandgｏodisｌikelｙtherｅsultｏfculture．Therｅｅｘisｔsa(51)ｔendeｎｃytｏｆeelthatsoｍｅcolorｓarｅwarmwhｅreａsotherｃｏlorsareｃooｌ.Coｌoｒstｈaｔareneａrredonthecoloｒwheeｌ(色輪)aｒｅ(5２)warｍｃolors—whicｈseemmorｅ(53);ａndcｏｌoｒsｎeaｒblueａreｒeｇarｄｅdａscｏolcolors，whichseemmore（５4).Sciｅntisｔｓhaveｄemoｎstｒａｔedthatexｐｏｓureｔoredlightinｃrｅａsesｔheｈeartbeatandｔhatexpｏsurｅtobｌｕｅlｉghtslowsitｃlown.Fｏrartistｓｔhｅ（55）oｆwarｍaｎdｃoｏldｅpendsontｈecｏntrastinｇrｅlationshｉpbetｗeenanｙtｗocolors.Aviolｅtmighｔbｅcｏoｌerthananorange,becａｕsｅithasbｌueiｎiｔ,ａnｄtｈesaｍeviｏletｍｉgｈｔbewarmｅrｔhangｒeeｎ，becａuseithasreｄｉniｔ.Ｔheｗarm-coｏl（56)helpstocreateeｘcitingcoloｒcｏntｒastｓbｅcauｓewarmcoｌorsseｅmｗarmeｒｎeｘｔtocoolcoloｒsaｎdcoolcoloｒsseemcoolernｅxtｔowarmcoｌｏrs．A)partiallyF）ａssｏciationsK)arｏｕseｓB）cｏｎsideredG）ｒemoveL）satｉｓｆyingC)dｉsｔinctｉoｎH)universalＭ)reｓpｅctｉvelyD）appoiｎtmeｎtI)ａｓcribeｓN)remiｎdＥ)relaxｉnｇＪ)stimｕlatiｎgO)replacement４7．48.４2.５3.５4.55.５6.SectionBＤiｒeｃtions:Thereare2passagesinthissｅctiｏｎ.Eachpassａgeisfｏｌloweｄbysomeqｕeｓtiｏnsorｕｎfiｎiｓhedstａt(yī)ｅｍenｔs.ＦorｅaｃhofthemthereａrefouｒchoiｃeｓｍarkeｄA),Ｂ),C)ａndD)．YｏｕshoulｄｄecideonthebesｔcｈｏiceａndmarｋtｈｅcoｒｒespondingleｔterｏnAnsｗerＳｈeeｔ2ｗｉｔhａsｉnglｅlineｔhｒoｕgｈthecｅntre.PasｓagｅOneQuestiｏｎs57to61ａｒeｂａsedonｔhefollｏwｉngpassａgｅ.Iｎthｉｓnｅｗera,tｈｅｓiｎgｌemosｔiｍｍediateａndmｏstserioｕｓｃhaｌlengｅtoAｍeｒiｃatraditionaｌidentitycoｍesfｒomtheiｍmenseａndｃontinuｉngimmigratｉoｎｆromLatinAｍerica,ｅsｐeciallyfromMｅxico,anｄtheferｔilｉty(生育）ratｅsoftｈｅseｉｍmigrａntscompaｒeｄtｏｂlackandｗhiteAｍｅricａnnatives.Ameｒiｃansliketobｏａstoftheｉｒpasｔsuccｅssinassiｍiｌａｔing（同化)milliｏnｓｏfimｍｉgraｎtsinｔｏtheirsoｃietｙ,cｕltｕre，anｄpoliｔｉcｓ.BuｔAmｅricaｎshaｖeｔｅndedｔｏgｅneralizeaboutimｍigrantswithoｕtdｉsｔinｇuisｈinｇａmongthｅmandｈavefocｕsedonｔheeｃonomiccｏｓtsａndbenｅfiｔｓｏfｉｍmigrａt(yī)ion,ignoringitssｏcｉalaｎdcuｌtｕｒalconsequenｃes.Ａsaresult，thｅyhａｖｅｏverlookedtheuｎiquechaｒａcterisｔiｃsandｐroblｅmspｏｓedbycoｎtemｐorarｙHｉspaniｃimmigｒａｔｉon．Theextenｔandｎａt(yī)ｕｒeｏｆｔｈisｉmｍigｒａt(yī)iｏndiffｅrｆundamentａｌｌyfrｏｍthosｅofpreviｏｕsimmｉgraｔｉoｎ，andthｅassimilａｔionsｕcceｓsesoftｈeｐastａreuｎｌikelｙtoｂｅcoｐiedｗiththecoｎtempoｒａryfloodoｆimｍigｒａntｓfroｍLatinAmerica．Thｉsreａliｔyposｅsａfundamentalqｕestion:WilltheUｎiteｄStａt(yī)ｅsrｅmainaｃounｔrywithasinｇleｎatioｎallanguaｇｅanｄacoｒecｕlｔure?Byｉgnoringｔhiｓquesｔioｎ，Americansacqｕｉesce(默認)totheirevenｔualtransforｍatiｏnｉｎtotwｏｐeｏpｌeｓwithｔwoｃuｌtuｒesaｎdtｗolaｎguages.TｈeiｍpａctoｆMexicanonthｅUniｔedSｔａｔesbｅｃoｍesevidｅｎｔwｈeｎＯneiｍaｇineswｈatwｏuldhappenifMｅxicａnimmiｇｒatｉｏｎaｂruptl５ｓtoｐped.Theａnnuaｌｆlowoflegaliｍｍｉgrａntｓｗoulddｒｏpbyabout１７50０0cｌosertotｈelｅveｌreｃoｍmenｄedbｙthe1900sCommissｉonｏnImmigrationReformchaiｒｅdbyｆormerUScoｎgreｓswomaｎBａrbaｒaJordaｎ．Ilｌegａlentriesｗouldｄecreａseｄraｍaｔiｃaｌly.Thewagｅｓoflow-iｎｃoｍeUScitｉzｅnswoｕｌｄimｐｒｏve.Ｄebａt(yī)eｓovertｈｅｕｓeoｆSpanｉsｈandwhethｅrEnglishｓhｏuldｂemａdｅtheoｆficｉallaｎｇuａgeｏfstaｔｅａndnatｉonalｇovｅrnmeｎtswｏuｌｄgｏ.Bilingualeｄucaｔionandｔhecontroversｉesitｃausesｗouldｖirtuaｌlyｄisaｐpｅaｒ,aswｏｕldcｏntrｏversiｅsovｅrwelfａreａｎdｏtherbｅnefitｓｆorｉｍmｉｇｒants．Ｔｈｅdebａｔeoverwhetheｒimｍiｇｒaｎtsposeaneconomｉcbuｒdｅｎonstａt(yī)eandｆedｅralgｏverｎmeｎｔｓwｏｕldｂedｅcisivelyｒｅｓoｌveｄiｎtheｎｅgatｉｖe.Thｅavｅrａgeeducａt(yī)ionandskillｓoftheiｍmｉgrantscｏｎtiｎｕinｇｔｏarriｖewｏulｄｒeａｃhtｈeｉｒhighｅstlevｅlsinUShiｓｔory.Theｉｎfloｗｏfｉmmiｇraｎtsｗoｕｌｄagaｉnｂecomehｉghlydiｆfｅrent,cｒeａt(yī)inｇincｒeasｅdstimulａt(yī)ionsforalliｍmiｇrantsｔoleaｒnＥngｌishaｎdaｂｓorｂＵScｕｌｔurｅ．Andmoｓtimpoｒｔantoｆalｌ,ｔｈepossibiｌityoｆaｎactｕａlspｌiｔbetweenａpreｄomｉnaｎｔlyＳｐanish－ｓｐeａkｉngUSａndａｎＥnglishspeaｋｉngＵSwoｕlddisａppear,anｄwithiｔ，aｍajorｔhrｅattotｈｅcｏunｔry'scultuｒａlandpolｉticaliｎtegrity．5７.Whａt(yī)mａdeAmｅrｉｃanｓveryproudinthｅpastwas___ＡｔheirstrｏngｅconｏmicandｐｏlｉticalpowｅronwｏrldstageBtｈｅircaｐabiｌityoninvolvingotｈｅrpｅoｐleinｔｏｔheiｒcuｌtureCｔheiｒgreaｔtolｅｒaｎceofｔheculｔｕrａlfeatuｒesofimｍigrantsDtｈｅirhighfｅrtilｉtyｒａｔeｏfｎatｉveblacｋsａｎdwhｉｔes58.ＷhichofｔhｅfollowｉnｇmadeｔｈeAmｅricanｓｎｅｇlｅctthｅcurrｅｎtimmiｇrationflｏoｄ?AThefocuｓontｈesoｃialaｎｄcｕlｔurａlcoｓtsａｎdｂenｅfitｓofimmigratiｏBThediｓtinctioｎtｈeymaｄebeｔwｅeniｍmigranｔＣＴheｌackofreｃognｉtionofｔheｉmmigｒants'econoｍicinfluencDTｈelａｃkofrｅｃogｎｉｔionofthｅｉmmｉgranｔs'dｉffｅreｎce5９.Wｈatcaｎwelｅarｎaｂoutthefundaｍentalｑueｓtionlｉｓｔeｄintｈeｅnｄｏfthefirｓtparａgrａpｈ？AAｍeriｃａwｉｌlｂｅｓｅparａt(yī)edinｔｏtwoｃoｕnｔｒieBEnｇlishwillgｉveiｔsplacetootheｒlanguageCIｔcｏncｅrnｓAｍerｉcａ＇snaｔioｎalandcultuｒalidｅｎtｉtDIt'sｎｏｔｖeryseriｏusbeｃauｓeoｆAｍeｒｉｃａ'spoweｒｆulｉnflｕenｃ60.Wｈicｈｏfthefollowｉngistrueacｃｏrdｉnｇｔotｈepassaｇe？ATheincrｅasiｎgnｕmberofMexｉcaｎｉmmigrantsisｇoingｔostopexpandiｎｇiｎthｅcominｇyeaｒBTｈeMexiｃaniｍｍigｒatiｏｎhas'alreａdyｒesuｌtedinanｉｎcreａｓeintｈｅnumbeｒoｆSpaｎishspeａkingpeｏｐｌＣＴheMexｉcanmovetｏｔｈeUSwiththｅdelibeｒatｅintenｔｉonｏfdｅstroyinghercultｕreaｎｄｐoｌiｔicalｉntｅｇritDTheAｍeｒicａnsｄonotｈavetowｏｒryabｏuｔtheｉｍｐacｔofMexiｃａnimmiｇrationataｌ６1.ItcａnｂeinferｒｅdfrｏｍthesecondparaｇrａpｈtｈaｔAvaｒiouｓiｍｍigrantｆlowsｗillhelpthｅpromotiｏnofＥnglｉｓhlanguaｇeBanａbrｕptstopinMｅxicaniｍｍigrａt(yī)ｉonisarouｎdtheｃｏrneｒＣtheｓuddeｎstoｐinｌegaｌimｍigratioｎｗiｌloftenｃａuseasｕｄdeninｃreaseiniｌlｅgａｌentriesDｆormeｒＣoｎgｒeｓswｏmanBａｒbaｒaJorｄanissｔｒonglｙａgａiｎstMexicanimmiｇraｔiｏｎtoｔheUSPａssaｇeTwoQｕestiｏns6２ｔｏ66arebasedontheｆollowiｎgｐａｓｓage．Troubｌｅdbｙthｅｐｅrsisｔentlyｐoorgraduationraｔesｏfbaskeｔballandfootbalｌｐｌａｙeｒs,thｅＮaｔionａlColｌegiatｅＡｔhletｉcAssociaｔｉonpｌansｔoｓｔａrｔpｕnishingｓchooｌswhoseaｔhlｅtｅscontinuetounderperfoｒmｉntheclａssroom.Ｔheｐrｏｐosａｌ,whiｃhiseｘpｅctedtoａdoptneｘtmｏnth,iｓｂeiｎｇpｒoposedｂyNCAAPｒｅsideｎtMylesBｒanｄａｓtｈefiｎａｌanｄcrｉticalpieceofapaｃkageofchangｅsdｅsigｎeｄtobooｓｔｇｒaduatioｎraｔesandputｔhｅstｕdeｎｔｂackintｏｔheｏften－mockedｔerm，stuｄent-athlｅtｅ．Ｅveｎsuppoｒｔersofｔhepｌａｎ,ｈowevｅr,ｗoｒｒythaｔｉtwillｐrｏｖeｉｍpractｉcal,charaｃtｅrizｉngiｔasawell-ｉnteｎtionedideathaｔhａｓｂeenｗeakeｎedｂyｃoｍｐromｉseaｎｄwiｌｌulｔimatelygeneｒaｔeｍoｒepaｐｅrworkthaｎrｅaｌchange.Theｒe'saｌsobroａdackｎoｗlｅdgeｍeｎtthatｉtｍaｙcaｕｓeuｎｉnteｎdedconsequencesｏfacademicdecｅptｉon：moreschoolｓoffｅrｉngdｉsｈonesｔｃｏurseｓａｎdcut-ｄownｃurriｃulａ,ａnｄheｉghｔenedprｅssｕｒｅonfａcuｌｔytｏｇivepａsｓinggradestokｅｅｐsｔarplaｙersｑｕalified.Buｔｗiｔｈｔｈecontinuedaｃａdｅmicstｒuggleｓoｆａt(yī)ｈletesinhigh-pｒofilespｏrts，particｕｌarlyｉｎbaｓketｂall,ＮCAＡｌeadeｒｓｂｅlieveit'stimｅtotakeamoｒeagｇressiveact.Ｏnlyｆoｕroｕtof10ｐlaｙerｓｏnbig-timebａsｋｅtｂallteamsｇraduatｅeveｎthｏuｇhthevastmajorｉtｙarｅonfullsｃholaｒships.TｈｅNＣAAwｉllhｏｌdoutthｅｐrospectoftｈeultｉmaｔｅｓaｎction(制裁)forｈabitualｌｙpooｒperforｍｅrs—abａnfromｃompetingintheannuａlＭarcｈMaｄnesseventandsｈarｉngｔherichestｈatcｏmｅｗithit.Thｅｐropｏｓal,wｈichwoｕlｄaffectathleｔescompeｔinｇａt(yī)aｌlmajorcolleｇeｓａnｄunivｅrｓiｔies，wouldｐｕｎiｓｈschｏoｌswitｈchroｎicallylowgｒaｄuａt(yī)iｏｎrates,bｅgiｎｎinｇwitｈawａｒniｎg,foｌｌｏｗedbytｈelessofａscholａｒshipａndｔｈenaｂａnonｐosｔseasｏnplay.Eacｈｒoundinthｅ65－teammｅn'sbaｓketbａlltｏuｒｎamenｔ(聯(lián)賽)ｉsworthmoｒｅthａn$７5０00０perｓchool.Sｃhｏｏlsthatｐerｆormwｅｌlwoｕldbeｒeｗaｒdｅｄ,althoughtheNCＡAhasｙeｔtodｅtermiｎehow.Ｂutitwｉｌlbeｙearsbｅforeit'ｓcleａrwheｔhｅrtｈiscaｒrｏt-and－sｔicｋapprｏaｃhwoｒks.Skepｔicssayｔhｅpenalｔiesaretｏoweａkandtｏosloｗtｏtａkeeffect.Otｈerssａythequalityofaｃollegeeduｃaｔiｏnｉsｎ'tmeasｕｒｅdｂygｒadｅｓａｎdgraduaterateｓalone.EｎglisｈpｒｏfessoｒLinｄａsａid,"Grａdｕａt(yī)ｉonrａt(yī)esthemseｌvesｄon'tproveaｔhｌeｔesaregettingaｎeduｃatioｎ."Heｒargumｅｎtwａsａpｐｒｏvｅdｂyｔherｅcentｄｉsclosure(揭發(fā))ofａfiｎalｅxａｍgiｖenｂyforｍｅrGeorgiaaｓsiｓｔaｎtbasketｂaｌlｃｏachJimHａrrickJr．tohisclass.Amoｎｇtheitemsontｈｅ20-question,mｕltｉｐlｅ-choiｃeexaｍwｅre:"Howmanyhalvｅsａreinacolｌegebaｓｋｅtbａllｇame?＂and"Ｈowmanypｏiｎtsdoｅsa3-pｏintfieldgｏalaccountforｉｎabａskｅtｂallgａme?"62．ＴｈｅchiefpuｒｐoseofｔheｒeceｎtｐunisｈmｅntmeasuｒesproｐoｓedbyNCAAistｏ___＿__.AhelpstudeｎtathleｔesplａybetterinthecoｍｉngmatcｈｅｓＢrａiseｔｈeacademiclevｅｌoｆthosｅstuｄentaｔｈletesCcｕtfｕndingtｏcolｌeｇeｓfortheirｐoorpｅrforｍancｅinsportsＤｂoｏstthｅacadeｍicrｅｓｅarｃhesｏfcollegｅsandｕnｉvｅrｓiｔieｓ63.Ａcｃoｒdingtothｅpassage，advocatesthinkthattheｐlanｗill＿____＿.Ａrｅceiveｗaｒmwelcomｅbecaｕｓｅitｉswell-ｉntｅntｉoｎedＢmakesｃhｏｏlsandatｈletｅscompｒoｍisｅintheenｄCbelessproducｔivethaｎithasbeｅndeｓignedDinvolvetoomuchpaｐeｒworkandｃhangeｓ６4.Whｉｃｈｏfthｅfolloｗinｇｉsｔｒueaｃcｏrdｉngtotheｐassage?ＡAcadｅｍiｃfrａudｈasbeenveｒyprｅvalentinmostｓchｏolBMｏstacadeｍiｃallypoorathlｅtesａrｅenjoyiｎgfullscholａrｓhｉCItisｎotvｅrｙｄiffｉcuｌttｏeｆfecｔｉvelｙimpｒｏveｓｔudｅｎtaｔhlｅｔeｓ'academｉｃｓtanｄiｎgDAtｈletesmigｈtｆacepunishmｅntiftheiracademiｃpｅｒfｏrｍanｃeslａgbehiｎdｆoralｏｎｇtｉｍ65.Whyisthepｌancalｌed"ｃarro