2012年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案

第一部分:(共兩節(jié),滿分20分第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分聽(tīng)下面5段。每段后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳例HowmuchistheA.￡19. B.￡9. C.￡9.答案是BWheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeIna B.Ina C.InaAtwhattimewillthefilm B. C.WhatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingTheirfriend B.Aweekend C.AradioWhatwillthewomanprobablyCatcha B.Seetheman C.GoshopWhydidthewomanShemadealateShewenttothewrongShecouldn’ttakethecake第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分聽(tīng)下面5段。每段后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題WhoseCDis B. C.WhatdoestheboypromisetodofortheBuyheranew B.Dosome C.Giveher10聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9WhatdidthemanthinkoftheJustso B.Quite C.AbitWhatwasthe15%onthebillpaidThe B.The C.The聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12WhyisthemanattheToorderacameraforhisTohaveacameraTogetacameraWhatcolourdoestheman B. C.WhatwillthemandoMakeaphone B.Waituntilfurther C.Comeagainthenext聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16WhatwouldJoeprobablydoduringtheThanksgivingGotoa B.Stayat C.VisitWhatisArielgoingtodoinAttenda B.Meether C.SeeacarWhyisArielinahurrytoTocallup B.Tobuysome C.TopickupWhatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthe B.Fellow C.Guideand聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20WheredoesThomasManningIntheGuinness B.Ataradio C.InaWheredidtheideaofabookofrecordscomeAbird-shooting B.Avisitto C.AevisiontalkWhendidSirHugh’sfirstbookofrecordsIn B.In C.InWhatarethetwospeakersgoingtotalkaboutMorerecordsofunusualThefounderoftheTheoldestinthe第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分第一節(jié):(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題,從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該例:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorsheA. B. C Dwhenever答案是B—CanIhelpyouwith—Iappreciateyour ,butIcanmanageitA. B. C. D.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea, urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A. B. C. D.Sophiawaitedforareply,but A. B. C. D.—Don’tworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlythe !I’lllDadthere’snothingA.Whata B. C.How D.I’msoThereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent, A.is B.isn’t C.is D.isn’t—OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igive—Youcan’t yourA.runoff B.runup C.runout D.runawayThenoticecamearoundtwointhe themeetingwouldbeA. B. C.whetherD.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but saywhereheA. B. C. D.—ThankGodyou’re—Isteppedback,just toavoidtheracingA.in B.in C.in D.inOne’slifehasvalue onebringsvaluetothelifeofA.so B.nomatter C.aslong D.except animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorA. B. C. D.ToThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe someEuropeanbusinessA.would B.is C. D.had—Honey,thecat’sstuckinthetree.CanyouturnofftheTVandgetaladder...—Oh,itjumpedoff. A.Never B.All C.No Thehopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhen A.has B. C. D.will—Happy—Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI A.shouldhave B.musthave C.mayhave D.couldhave第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答Theconceptofsolitude(獨(dú)處)inthedigitalworldisalmostnon-existent.Intheworldofdigitaltechnology,e-mail,socialnetworkingandonlinegames,informationismeantto Solitudecanbehardtodiscover ithasbeengivenup.Inthisrespect,newtechnologieshave ourculture.Thedesiretobeconnectedhasbroughtsolitudetoa(n) aswe’veknownit.Peoplehaveeso intheworldofnetworksandconnectionsthatonecanoftenbecontacted they’drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,text,e-mail,chatandblog(寫博客),notonlyfromour ,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostdevelopednationshave e ondigitaltechnologysimplybecausethey’vegrownaccustomedtoit,andatthispointnot itwouldmakethemanoutsider. manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobe 46 .Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork.Beingreachablemightfeellikea tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Isupposethepositivesideisthatsolitudeisstillpossibleforanyonewho wantsComputerscanbeshut andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Theabilitytobe“connected”and“on”hasmany ,aswellasdisadvantages.Travelershaveendedup onmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives.Theycanalsomakepeoplefeel andforcedtoanswerunwantedcallsor tounwantedtexts.Attitudestowardsourconnectednessasasociety acrossgenerations.Somefindtoday’stechnologyagift.Othersconsideritacurse.Regardlessofanyone’sviewonthesubject,it’shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelike dailyadvancementsintechnology.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.in C. D.A.even B.only C.as D.ifA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.B. C. D.第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答AAccordingtothesurvey,peopleleftaloneonadesertislandwouldmostwant A.MP3 B. C.spouse/ D.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutGeorgeHehasbeentrainedinwilderness B.HemaynotbeabletohelpyouC.HedoesnotthinkRoseaneis D.HeisthechoiceofmostSouthAfricanThesurveyresultsareyzedintermsoftherespondents’ sex,ageand B.race,nationalityandC.marriage,ageand D.age,sexandBDeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweeacrossAmerica’sfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsectsThecountry’sfarmersaregettingolderandtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffarmersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.AsidefromtryingtostopthegrayingofAmerica’sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof“useless”collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn’tbeanythingthat’smoreincorrect,”Merrigansaid.“Weknowthattherearen’tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.”Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.“Itrulybelievewe’reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsareatall-timerecordlows,”saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasBureau.“Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelomorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers’Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest,ofFutureFarmersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21-year-oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.“Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(創(chuàng)新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid.“There’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanFewerandolder B.HigherfuelC.Morenatural D.LoweragriculturalWhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrosstheToselectqualifiedagricultureToclarifyarecentblogTotalkmorestudentsintofarmingAccordingtoMattRush,Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeople theernmentwillcoverproductionglobalfoodswillbeeveninvestmentinagriculturewillbeAmericawillincreaseitsfoodWhatdotheunderlinedwords“toturnaroundthestatistics”inthelastparagraphTore-yzetheresultofthenationalTobringdowntheaverageageofToinvestmoreinCMedicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger()thisrelease,includingchangingtemperature,acidityandsoonButtriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burnsforexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule.Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn’tnewResearchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外線orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVvisiblelightwhichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskinwherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.oneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反應(yīng)的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchainsShiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What’smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebestA.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Acidity D.UVWhyisONBItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRItfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugIthasnotcomeontothemarketuptillItisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbeWhichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofA. B. C. D.DFranzKafkawrotethat“abookmustbetheax(斧子)forthefrozenseainsideus.”Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgradersanditdidn’tseemtorequireanyexplanation.We’djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck’snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadtheendtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,weptalittle,andsodidI.“Areyoucrying?”onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchairtotakeacloserlook.“Iam,”Itoldher,“andthefunnythingisI’vereaditmanyButtheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwasalwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublicmiddleschool,I’vetaughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparentsthemselves;kidswhoarehomelesskidswhogrewupinviolentneighborhoodsTheyunderstand,morethanIeverwill,thenovel’sterriblelogic—thegivingwayofdreamstofate(命運(yùn)).Forthelastsevenyears,Ihaveworkedasareadingenrientteacher,readingclassicworksofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.Ioriginallyproposedthisideatomyheadmasterafterlearningthataformerexcellentstudentofminehadtransferredoutofaselectivehighschool—onethatoftenattractstheliterary-mindedchildrenofManhattan’supperclasses—intoalesscompetitivesetting.Thedaughterofimmigrants,withafatherinprison,sheperhapsfeltfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtadditional“culturalcapital”couldhelpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool,wheretheywouldunavoidablymeet,perhapsforthefirsttime,studentswhocamefromhomeslinedwithbookshelves,whoseparentshadearnedPh.AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn’talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpointofview.AboutTheRedPonyonestudentsaidit’saboutbeingamanit’saboutmanlinessIhadneverbeforeseentheparallelsbetweenScarfaceandMacbethnorhadIheardLadyMacbeth’ssoliloquies獨(dú)白readasraps(說(shuō)唱),butbothmadesense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.OnceintroducedtoSteinbeck’swritingoneboywentontoreadTheGrapesofWrathandtoldmerepeatedlyhowamazingitwasthat“allthesepeoplehateeachother,andthey’reallwhite.”Hishistoricalviewwasbroadening,hissenseofhisowncountrydeepening.Yearafteryear,formerstudentsvisitedandtoldmehowpreparedtheyhadfeltintheirfirstyearincollegeasaresultoftheclasses.Yearafteryear,however,weareincreasingthenumberofpracticetestsWearetryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch(碰撞)butfortextcomplexityYetwecannotenrich充實(shí)themindsofourstudentsbytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.Weareteachingthemthatwordsdonotamazebutconfuse.Wemaysucceedinraisingtestscores,butwewillfailtoteachthemthatreadingcanbetransformativeandthatitbelongstothem.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto realizeour B.givesupporttoourC.smoothaway D.awakeourWhywerethestudentsabletounderstandthenovelOfMiceandBecausetheyspentmuchtimereadingBecausetheyhadreadthenovelBecausetheycamefromapublicBecausetheyhadsimilarlifeThegirllefttheselectivehighschoolpossibly shewasaliterary-minded B.herparentswereC.shecouldn’tfitinwithher D.herfatherwastheninTotheauthor’ssurprise,thestudentsreadthe A. B. C. D.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainly introduceclassicworksofadvocateteachingliteraturetotouchtheargueforequalityamonghighschooldefendthecurrenttesting第四部分:任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分InJuly2010Burt’sBees,aal-careproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Inngso,managerslifteveryone’sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex(大腦皮層),whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemBurt’sBees’sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he’dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He’dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany’svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang’semphasisondevelopositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone. eshouldn’tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set(思維模式),performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappinessOnceIgetapromotionI’llbehappy,theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I’llfeelgreat.”Butbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastInfact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”—everybusiness eshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I’veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI’mnotalone:Inanysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusiness Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare