2023年劍閱讀真題原文WilliamHenryPerkin

CAMBRIDGＥIELTS9NOＴE原文真題ReadｉngＰaｓsage1WilliamHenryPｅrkinTｈｅmａnwhoinvenｔedsyｎtｈeticdyeｓＷilliamＨｅnryPerkinwaｓbornonMarcｈ１2,1８３8,ｉｎLondon，Ｅｎglanｄ.Ａｓabｏy,Ｐeｒkin’sｃｕriｏｓitypromptedeaｒｌyintereｓｔsｉnｔｈearｔｓ,sｃｉencｅs，ｐｈotogｒaｐhy,ａnｄeｎginｅe(cuò)rｉng.Buｔｉtwasacｈancｅstumbliｎguｐｏnaｒｕn-ｄown,yｅtfunctionａｌ，ｌａboratoryinhislａｔegrandｆather’sｈｏｍｅｔhａt(yī)ｓｏｌiｄifｉeｄtｈeyoungman’sｅｎｔhusiasmｆｏrcｈeｍｉstry.ＡsastudｅｎtattｈeCityoｆLondonSｃhｏｏｌ,Perkiｎbｅcameimmersediｎtｈesｔudyｏｆchｅmistｒy．Ｈｉsｔａleｎｔanddeｖotiontotheｓubjecｔwereｐｅrcｅivedbｙhiｓtｅａchｅr，ＴｈomasHalｌ,whｏenｃourａgeｄhimtoattendaseｒiesｏflectｕresgｉｖeｎbytｈeeｍinenｔｓcｉentistMichaelFａraｄayattｈeRoyalＩnｓtitｕｔｉon.Tｈosespeeｃｈesfirｅdtheyoungchemｉst’senthusｉasｍｆurtheｒ，anｄhｅｌaｔeｒwentontｏattｅndｔheＲｏyalＣollegeｏfChemiｓtｒy，ｗhｉcｈhesucceｅdeｄｉneｎteringｉn1853，ａt(yī)theagｅof1５.AtｔhetｉmｅｏfPerkｉｎ’ｓｅｎrolment，theRoyaｌCoｌlegeofChemiｓtrｙwaｓheadｅｄbythenoｔedＧeｒmanchemistＡuｇustWilｈeｌmHofmaｎｎ.Ｐerｋｉn’ｓsciｅｎtifｉcgifｔsｓｏｏｎｃaughtHｏｆmaｎｎ’sａｔｔeｎｔionanｄ,ｗiｔhintwｏyears,hｅbｅcａmｅHofmaｎn’syoungesｔａssistａnｔ．Nｏｔｌongaftｅrthaｔ,Ｐeｒkinmadethｅsｃienｔifｉcbrｅａkｔｈroｕghtｈatwouldbringhｉmｂothfａmeａndfortunｅ.Atthｅｔime，ｑuininｅｗasｔheｏnlyviabｌｅmｅdｉｃaltrｅatmentfoｒｍalarｉa.Tｈedrugisderivｅdfromtheｂａrkofｔhecinchoｎatｒee,natiｖetoSoutｈAmerｉca,andbｙ185６dｅmandforthedｒugwaｓsｕrpassingtｈeaｖailａｂlesuｐpｌy．Ｔｈus,whenHofmａnnmaｄesoｍｅpassinｇｃomｍｅｎtsabouttｈeｄesirａbilityoｆasｙｎｔheticsuｂstitutefoｒｑuiｎine,iｔwasunsurprisiｎgthathisstarpuｐiｌwａsｍovedｔotakeuｐtheｃｈalleｎge.Dｕringhｉsvacａt(yī)ｉｏnin1８5６,Pｅrkｉnspeｎthｉstｉｍｅinthｅlaboratoｒyonthetopfloｏrofhisｆａmｉly’shouse.Hewａｓatｔeｍptingtｏmａnｕfactureqｕiｎineｆｒoｍａｎiline,anｉnexpensｉveaｎｄｒeadilｙａｖailableｃｏaltaｒwａsteprｏdｕct．Ｄｅsｐｉtehisbｅsteffｏrts,howeｖer,ｈｅdidｎotendupwｉthｑuiｎｉｎe.Insteaｄ,heproducedamｙｓｔeriousｄaｒkslｕdｇe．Luckily,Ｐeｒkin’ssｃientｉfｉctraｉningａｎdnatureprompｔeｄｈimtoiｎｖｅsｔigatｅｔhｅｓuｂstancｅfurtｈer.Inｃｏrporatingpotａssiumdichｒｏｍａt(yī)ｅａndaｌcｏｈoｌintotheａniｌｉｎeaｔｖａriｏuｓstａgesoｆtheｅｘperiｍeｎｔalpｒoｃess,heｆinalｌｙpｒoducedadeeppurｐleｓoｌution．Ａnd,ｐroｖｉｄiｎgｔheｔrｕthｏｆthefamoｕsscieｎｔisｔLouisPasｔeur’sworｄs‘chａncefavourｓｏnlｙｔｈeprｅparedｍiｎd’,Perkinsａwthepｏｔenｔiａlofhisuneｘpｅcｔｅｄｆind.Ｈiｓtoricallｙ,texｔiledｙｅswｅremadefromsｕchnａｔuraｌsｏuｒcｅsasｐlantsaｎｄanｉｍalexcretions.Someofthｅsｅ，sucｈastｈeglandularmuｃusｏfｓnａils,weｒediffｉculttoobｔainａｎdoutragｅouｓlyexｐeｎsiｖe.Indeｅd，ｔheｐｕrpｌecoｕlouｒｅxｔraｃtedfromaｓnailwasoncesoｃｏstｌｙthatiｎｓocietyattｈetimeoｎlytｈeｒichcｏuldａｆfordit.Furtｈer,ｎatuｒaldyestendｅdtoｍｅmudｄｙiｎhueanｄfadequickｌy．ＩtwasagainstthisbａcｋdroptｈaｔＰeｒkin’sdiｓcoverywａｓmaｄe．Ｐerｋiｎqｕｉcklygraspｅdthathisｐurplesolｕtioncouｌｄｂeｕsedtocolourfaｂｒic,thuｓmaｋingittｈeｗorld’sｆｉrｓtsｙnｔheｔｉcｄye.Rｅalｉzingthｅiｍportancｅofthisbrｅaｋtｈｒoｕgh,ｈｅlostnotimeinｐａt(yī)ｅｎｔｉngit.Butｐerｈapsｔhemｏｓtfａsｃｉnａt(yī)ｉngｏｆallＰerkin’sｒeaｃtiｏnstohisfindｗasｈisnearｌyｉｎｓtantｒecoｇｎitiｏnｔhattheｎｅwdyehａｄｃomｍercialpoｓｓｉbｉｌiｔies.PerkinoriｇinaｌlynaｍedhisdｙeTｙrｉａnPurｐle,ｂuｔiｔlateｒbecaｍeｃｏmｍonｌyｋｎowｎasmａｕve（froｍtｈeFreｎchforｔｈｅpｌantuseｄtoｍakｅtheｃｏｌｏｕrvｉoleｔ)．ＨｅaskｅｄadviｃeofScoｔtｉｓhdｙeworｋsownerRobｅrtPulｌａｒ,ｗｈｏasｓuredｈimthatmanufaｃtuｒinｇthedyewｏuｌdbewｅllworｔhitｉftｈｅcｏｕlourreｍａiｎｅdｆａst（ｉ．e.woulｄnotfade）ａndthecosｔwasｒelativｅｌylow.So，ｏverthefierceoｂjeｃtioｎsｏfhismｅｎtorＨoｆmａnn，ｈelｅftｃolｌegｅtｏgivｅbirｔhtothemoderｎcheｍicaｌindｕstｒy.Ｗｉththehｅｌｐoｆhisfatｈｅrandｂｒoｔheｒ，PeｒkinsｅtupafａｃtｏrynotfaｒｆroｍLondｏn.ＵtｉliｓinｇtｈecｈeapandplentｉfuｌｃoaltａrthaｔwasanaｌmｏstｕnliｍiｔｅｄbｙpｒoｄuctofLｏndon’ｓｇaｓstreetlｉghtｉng,theｄyeworｋsbeganpｒodｕcｉngthewoｒld’sｆirstｓｙnｔheticalｌydｙedmateｒiａlｉn1857.ThｅcompanｙrｅcｅivedacommercialbｏosｔfoｒmtheEmpｒessEuｇenieｏfFraｎce,ｗhensｈｅdecｉｄedtｈenewcolouｒflaｔterｅｄhｅｒ.Verysoon,ｍauvewaｓtheｎeceｓｓaｒyｓhａｄeｆoｒalｌthefａshionablｅlaｄｉesintｈatｃountrｙ.Noｔtobｅoutｄone,England’sＱueｅnＶｉｃtoｒｉaalｓoａｐpearedinpublicwearingaｍaｕveｇｏｗn,ｔｈusｍaｋingitａlltherageｉnEnglandａswｅll．Thｅdyewａsｂolｄandfaｓt,andthepublｉcclａｍoureｄfoｒmｏｒe.Ｐｅrｋiｎwentbａｃkｔothｅdrawｉngboard.AlthoughPeｒkin’sfamewasａchievｅdanｄfortｕｎeassｕredｂｙhiｓｆｉrsｔdiｓcoｖery,ｔheｃhemistcontｉnuedhisreｓeaｒｃh．Aｍongothｅrdyｅsｈeｄevelopedandintrodｕｃeｄweｒeａniｌinｅreｄ(1８５9)andanilinｅｂlaｃk（１8６3)aｎｄ,intｈelaｔe1８60s,Ｐerｋiｎ’sgreen.Ｉtisimporｔａntｔonｏtethａt(yī)Perkin’sｓｙｎthetiｃdｙeｄiｓcoverieshａdoutcomesfaｒbeyondthemｅreｌydｅcoratｉve.Theｄyesalsoｂecamevitaltoｍediｃalrｅｓｅarchinmanyways.Foｒinstａncｅ,thｅｙwereｕsｅdtostａinpｒeｖｉouslyinｖｉｓiblemiｃrobesaｎdbacteriａ,allｏｗiｎgresearcherｓtｏidentifｙsuchbacilliaｓtｕbｅrculｏｓis,cｈolera，andaｎtｈrａx.Artifｉｃialdｙescｏntiｎｕeｔｏｐlayacruciaｌroleｔｏdａy.Ａnd,inwhatｗoulｄhavebｅe(cuò)npartｉｃuｌarlyplｅaｓｉｎgtoPｅrkin,ｔhｅirｃurrentuseisiｎthｅsｅarｃｈfｏｒavaｃcｉnｅagainstｍaｌａｒia.甲簡(jiǎn)樸單詞居然不解其中玄機(jī)。lａt(yī)e,ｈislａt(yī)egｒanｄfatｈer’shｏｍｅ.已故的。gift.Pｅrｋｉn’ssciｅntificｇｉfｔssｏoｎcaｕghｔＨofmann’sａt(yī)tｅntｉｏｎ．天才bark.Tｈedrｕｇisdｅｒivedfｒoｍtｈebaｒkoｆtｈecinchｏｎａt(yī)rｅe(cuò)．樹(shù)皮。soluｔion.ｈeｆinallyprｏｄucedａdeeppｕｒplesｏluｔｉｏn.溶液fast.thedyｅｗouldbeｗellworｔhｉtiftheｃoｌoｕrrｅｍainedfastanｄtｈｅcosｔｗaｓrelaｔiｖｅｌylow．牢固的,緊緊的。乙其他生詞(逐個(gè)查閱的，太多了?。髖ntheｔiｃ合成的，人造的，假的Syｎth,n.綜合者,【電】合成器。Ｓynthｅseｓ.ｎ.【化】合成,【語(yǔ)】綜合；綜合體,結(jié)合,【醫(yī)】接合。【邏輯】綜合法，語(yǔ)詞的合成,【物】合成,綜合;文獻(xiàn)。統(tǒng)一體。Syn，same大約有統(tǒng)一,同一類的意思；tｈｅｓis,ｎ.畢業(yè)論文,論題，論點(diǎn)，命題之意。同一論題的結(jié)合，就有了合成,綜合之意。ｃuｒiosｉtyn.好奇心,稀奇的人事物。~sｈｏp古玩店?！鋜ｉvｅ,好奇驅(qū)動(dòng)力Curiositykiｌｌｔhecａｔ.ｓｔuｍblｅupon.偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)。Sｔumｂle:ｖ.絆倒,犯錯(cuò)誤，蹣跚,無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)。N.絆倒,錯(cuò)誤。Ｓtumｂleblocｋ絆腳石stumbｌeoｎ偶爾碰到,恰巧找到Stumbleａlonｇ東倒西歪地走。Ｓtｕｍｂletoward跌跌撞撞地走向Ｔｕmｂle.v.暴跌，倒塌，跌倒，翻滾。弄亂，明白，忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)。Tuｍｂling.ｎ．摔跤,翻跟頭。Adj．斜的。Tumbleｒ.n．不倒翁，雜技演員,平底無(wú)腳酒杯,鎖的制動(dòng)栓。Umbl.adj.?臍的,控制用的，n．地面線纜和管道。脫落插頭。Tｕm肚子,胃,adj英國(guó)方言空的,中空的。Tuｍｍy【口語(yǔ)】肚子，【非正式】胃Tuｍｏur．【英】腫瘤。Ｔu(píng)ｍor【美】腫瘤Beniｇｈtuｍour.良性腫瘤Bｅnigh：ａdj.溫和的，仁慈的,善良的，有助于健康的,【醫(yī)】良性的ｅntｈusiａsm熱情,熱心,熱衷的事物。Enthuse．使熱心,充滿熱情地說(shuō)。immｅｒｓev.浸沒(méi),施浸禮,沉迷……中，陷入。chemisｔry.ｎ.化學(xué)。物質(zhì)的化學(xué)組成、性質(zhì)?；瘜W(xué)作用。神秘的變化過(guò)程。Chｅ,可以看作ｃｈａｎｇｅ.Mistry,近似于misｔery,神秘的。Mist,霧，模糊，神秘。Miｓty，有霧的，模糊的,朦朧不清的。promptadｊ.迅速的，靈敏的,立刻的v．激情,促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)，提醒，ｖi,提醒,提醒的內(nèi)容n.付款的期限９dｅvotionn.虔誠(chéng)，獻(xiàn)身，奉獻(xiàn)，熱愛(ài)，專心，熱心。Ｄevoｔe.ｖｔ.致力于，奉獻(xiàn)給,把……專用于。Vote.n．選舉權(quán)，投票,選舉。10.ｐｅrceｉve.ｖ．注意到，覺(jué)察到，認(rèn)為，理解。1１．ｅｍinent.著名的,卓越。DistingｕｉshｅdproｍｉｎenｔＰron．能手,行家,正面，職業(yè)選手，贊成票，代替,脯氨酸。老手。Adj.專業(yè)的,贊成的，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。Adv.正面地，贊成地。Ｐreｐ贊成,為··的,按的;隨，視。Procｅｓｓ,prｏcessing12.enroｌmeｎtn.登記或者注冊(cè)，入學(xué),入伍,入會(huì)。13．breaktｈroug．突破,突破性進(jìn)展。14．qｕinine.奎寧,金雞納霜，治療瘧疾的藥?？鼘帲诿佤斦Z(yǔ)中是“樹(shù)皮”的意思。1５.ｖiablｅ．可行的，能生存的。１６.ｔreatmeｎt治療,對(duì)待,解決17cinchonan.金雞納樹(shù)(皮)１8．surｐaｓsｖt.超越,勝過(guò)１9.passingcｏmment信口的評(píng)論。ｐasｓinｇｎ.通過(guò),逝去adj,通過(guò)的,短暫的，及格的,adv.非常。2０.desｉrability.ｎ.稱心如意的人或物，有利條件。21.suｂstituｔe．n.代替品，代用品,vt代替,用……代替，代之以。。sub潛艇,替代的。替代，轉(zhuǎn)包協(xié)議21ｔａkeuｐv.拿起,開(kāi)始,從事,吸取，接納，占去,繼續(xù)做,做某事消遣22vａcａｔionn.假期，度假，騰出。Vｉ,度假2３anilinen苯胺，ａdj苯胺的，阿尼林油（音譯好記憶)24.taｒ.n.焦油,柏油?！究凇克郑瑅t涂以焦油２5．sludge.n泥濘，淤泥，泥狀雪。沉淀物26.sｕbｓｔance實(shí)質(zhì)，物質(zhì),財(cái)產(chǎn)，內(nèi)容，重要性2７．potassium鉀K28ｄiｃhrｏｍate．N.重鉻酸鉀。Chromate.鉻酸鉀。Dｉ,重,雙，兩個(gè)??２９．Excreｔiｏnn.排泄物Ｅｘcｒete．ｖ．排泄，分泌30gｌａnduｌａradj,腺(狀)的，起腺體功能的Gｌａｎｄ腺31.mucus粘液，黏液３2snaiｌ.蝸牛，慢吞吞的人物3３ｏutrａgeousadj.過(guò)度的,駭人的。Ragｅn.狂怒,肆虐，風(fēng)行。V。大怒,怒斥,劇烈進(jìn)行３4teｎｄtovｔ傾向,易于，導(dǎo)致，有助于。35.muｄdy,泥濘的，渾濁的，糊涂的，