容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞辨析

容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法。1)say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語(yǔ)言作為賓語(yǔ)。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMr.Pope,please?talk表示“談話”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to,about,with等連用，才可以接賓語(yǔ)。Whatareyoutalkingabout?Mr.Jacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.⑵look,see,watch和read的用法。look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語(yǔ)。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?see指“看見(jiàn)”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan’tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?watch指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.4)read指“看書”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。Don’treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)別。borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMr.Li.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.bring,take,carry和get的用法。bring意思為“拿來(lái)”、“帶來(lái)”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來(lái)”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來(lái)去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來(lái)。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?wear,puton和dress的區(qū)另Uwear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時(shí)，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語(yǔ)是人，不是衣服。dresssb.(給某人穿衣服)，而wear作“穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語(yǔ)是物，不是人，即wearsth.(穿著衣物)。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.take,spend和use的用法。take指做某事用多少時(shí)間，句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthroughtheforest.spend指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn’tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents,exercises.use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar(7)reach,get和arrive的區(qū)別。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及動(dòng)詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，不用to,getto常用于口語(yǔ)中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí)，用arriveat,到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow..［誤］Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.［正］Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.［析］考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放，lie躺，lie說(shuō)謊。它們的過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下：lay（放）laid,laid,laying（及物動(dòng)詞）lie（躺）lay, lain,lying（不及物動(dòng)詞）lie（說(shuō)謊）lied,lied,lying.［誤］Pleaseriseyourhand.［正］Pleaseraiseyourhand.［析］rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)，如：Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物動(dòng)詞。.［誤］Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdon'tlikeswimmingthisafternoon.［正］Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.［析］like作為“喜歡”講時(shí)，可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。 但要注意的是like與would連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式，如:Wouldyouliketogowithme?再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，like作為介詞“像"講時(shí)，只能用分詞作其賓語(yǔ)。.［誤］Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice?［正］Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?［析］hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽(tīng)到、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)什么，而listento的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽(tīng)的傾向，如：listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同，look重于"看”的傾向，而see重于看見(jiàn)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。.［誤］Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?［正］Didyouseesomefilmrecently?［析］英語(yǔ)中see與watch各有不同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作看電視和看球賽。.［誤］Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.［正］Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.［析］hang有兩個(gè)含義，①"掛"，它的過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞是hung,hung;②“絞刑”，這時(shí)它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞則為hanged, hanged。.［誤］HowlongcanIborrowthisbook?［正］HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?［析］"借"在英文中有三個(gè)詞，①借入，即borrow,如：MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出，如：Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如HowlongcanIkeepit?.［誤］Wehavewonyourclass.［正］Wehavebeatenyourclass.［析］win是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等，如：Wewonthegame..［誤］Ileftmykey.［正］Iforgotmykey.［正］Ileftmykeyathome.［析］leave是“丟下”，其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。.［誤］Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.［正］Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasetaketheraincoatwithyou.［析］bring為"帶來(lái)”如：Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take為"帶走"，fetch為"去某處取什么回來(lái)"，如：Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如： takeaway拿走takeback收回takedown取下takeoff脫下take...out拿出takepartin參加takeaseat坐下takeone’splace替代takealook看看taketurn輪流takeamessage捎信takecareof照看takeone'stemperature測(cè)量體溫.［誤］Thepolicemanreachedtohishome.［正］Thepolicemanreachedhishome.［析］reach作“到達(dá)”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：Ireachedthehotelat8：30作為“到達(dá)”講時(shí)還有arrive（in+大地方）（at+較小的地方）和getto.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有：getback回來(lái)getin收割getinto進(jìn)入getoff下車geton上車getout出去getup起床getto至U達(dá) getreadyfor=bereadyforgetonwellwith與人相處融洽get加比較級(jí)為變得如何，例如： getcolderandcolder..［誤］Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.［正］Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.［析］英文中的"花費(fèi)"有4個(gè)spend,cost,take和pay其中spend與pay所在句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為人，如：Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedollarsforthebook.而cost與take的主語(yǔ)則是事物，如：Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook..［誤］InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.［正］InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.［正］Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.［析］要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過(guò)去分詞作形容詞。.［誤］Pleasewaitaminute.I'mhavingonmyclothes.［正］Pleasewaitaminute.I'mputtingonmyclothes.［析］英語(yǔ)中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，如：Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示狀態(tài)，如：Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中puton是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)"穿衣"講時(shí)其后賓語(yǔ)不應(yīng)接衣物，而要接人，如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldn'tdressthemselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過(guò)去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：Heisdressedinwhite..［誤］Mycomputercan'tbegin.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?［正］Mycomputercan'tstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?［析］begin與start均可指"開(kāi)始"，而且常常可以互換，如:Schoolbegins（starts）at8a.m.但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin而要用start,①當(dāng)作機(jī)器開(kāi)動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講，如：Mycarcan'tstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作為“旅途開(kāi)始”講，如：Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad..［誤］I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.［正］I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.［析］find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是found,found,而found又是另外一詞“建立"，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞是founded,如：ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949..［誤］Please.Let'sspeakinEnglish.［正］Please.Let'sspeakEnglish.［正］Please.Let'stalkinEnglish..［誤］CanyouspeakitEnglish?［正］CanyousayitinEnglish?［析］英文中“說(shuō)”有4個(gè)常用詞say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk,如：Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.Wspeak其后接語(yǔ)言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用雙賓語(yǔ)，如：Tellusastory但用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語(yǔ)。如：Tellthetruth..［誤］Areyoulookforyoubook?［正］Areyoulookingforyoubook?［析］此句含助動(dòng)詞are,且是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此look的后面應(yīng)該加ing。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞組有：askfor請(qǐng)求carefor關(guān)心' lookfor尋找waitfor等待sendfor請(qǐng)人payfor付款searchfor尋找leavefor去某地preparefor準(zhǔn)備thanksomebodyforsomething為某事向某人道謝。.［誤］Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igotit.［正］Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.［析］understand這一詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如同感觀動(dòng)詞love、hate...Igotit是美語(yǔ)，即Iunderstoodit。要記住get作為"到達(dá)”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如：I'llgettotheschoolat8a.m.初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組如下： belongto屬于cometo蘇醒pointto(at)指著getto到達(dá)lookforwardto期望agreeto同意.［誤］Themeathasbecomebadly.［正］Themeathasbecomebad.［析］英語(yǔ)中g(shù)o,get,become,turn作為轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，其后接形容詞，這時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞應(yīng)被看作系動(dòng)詞。.［誤］Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.［正］Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.［析］如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí)，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。.［誤］I'llcometoseeyouassoonasI'llbeback.［正］I'llcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.［析］在狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)，如：Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback..［誤］Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.［正］Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.［析］在賓語(yǔ)從句中則要用將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。要注意的是如果賓語(yǔ)從句中仍有狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，如：Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyou'llcomehereornot..［誤］Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?［正］Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?［析］在描述過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday.［誤］ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.［正］ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.［析］havegoneto是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。havebeento是到過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。.［誤］Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.［正］Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.［析］截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.但要講WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes這樣的用法還有buy,join,die,如：Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天買的這本書。Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.這本書我已買了兩天了。Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.兩年前我加入了這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部。Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部已兩年了。Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父親是5年前去世的。Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父親已去世5年了。.［誤］Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?［正］Doyouunderstandthelessons?［析］有些動(dòng)詞不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，它們是understand,think,believe,know（知道）.［誤］ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.［誤］ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.［析］在講述過(guò)去的歷史事件時(shí)，總要用過(guò)去時(shí)而不要用完成時(shí)，而且happen,breakout,takeplace作為發(fā)生講時(shí)均沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。.［誤］WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.［正］WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.［析］在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時(shí)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)），如：Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings..［誤］Pleasebuyabookforme.［正］Pleasebuymeabook.［正］Pleasebuyabooktome.［析］在接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)，如：Buymeabook中me是間接賓語(yǔ)，而abook是直接賓語(yǔ)。如果將直接賓語(yǔ)前置，其后應(yīng)加to,如：Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome..［誤］Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.［正］Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.［析］在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，有時(shí)可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如：Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動(dòng)詞還可以加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則沒(méi)有變化。如：Hewasseencomingintothebookstore..［誤］Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell?［正］Hownicethebookis!Doesitsellwell?［析］有些動(dòng)詞可以表示一種動(dòng)作，但也可以用來(lái)表示某種性質(zhì)，表示動(dòng)作時(shí)可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在表示性質(zhì)時(shí)則不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。Thiscardriveseasily.這車容易駕駛。Theseclotheswasheasily.這些衣服好洗。在作上述表達(dá)時(shí)，不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而要講：Thiskindofbookwassoldout.（這種書賣完了）Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.這時(shí)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗枋龅氖蔷唧w動(dòng)作。.［誤］Isthisbookyours?Yes,It's.［正］Isthisbookyours?Yes,Itis.［析］在肯定的回答中不要用縮寫形式，而在否定的回答中可以用縮寫形式，如：No.Itisn't..［誤］I'llhavemybikerepairtomorrow.［正］I'llhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.［析］have+人+動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞意為：讓某人作某事，如：Myfatherhadmelearnhowtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmight have+物+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如：Ihavemyhaircut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。如果講我想自己作某事，則用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself..［誤］I'llgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.［正］I'llgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.［析］have與get的用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。相同之處，如：havesomethingdone,也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething.但不同之處在于havesomebodydosomething在用get時(shí)則要用getsomebodytodosomethingo.［誤］IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIhaven'ttostudyafullday。［正］IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdon'thavetostudyafullday.［析］haveto不得不，而don'thaveto為其否定式。.［誤］IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hemustn'tbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.［正］IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hecan'tbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.［析］must加動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)一種比較肯定的推測(cè)，而表示否定的推測(cè)則要用can't。.［誤］Mygrandpaisovereighty,butheisabletoreadwithoutglasses.［正］Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.［析］can（could）多用于表達(dá)客觀的事實(shí)，主觀能力，而beableto則多用于表達(dá)主觀的意愿。.［誤］Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Sheshouldbeasleep.［正］Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Shemustbeasleep。［析］should用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中應(yīng)譯為"應(yīng)該"，如：Youshoulddoyourhomeworkrightaway.而must加動(dòng)詞原形表示一種推測(cè)。.［誤］Doyouliketogowithus?［正］Wouldyouliketogowithus?［析］Doyoulike…問(wèn)的是習(xí)慣，如：Doyoulikeswimming?而wouldyoulike是一次性的邀請(qǐng)。.［誤］Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.［正］Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.［析］不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)視為單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，特別是兩個(gè)不定式用and作連詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如指的是一件事也應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth..［誤］Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.［正］Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.［析］某些動(dòng)詞要求不定式作其賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，它們是：asksomebodytodosomething要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告訴某人做某事還有prepare準(zhǔn)備，decide決定，happento碰巧，seem似乎。.［誤］hetoldmetodriveacar.［正］Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.［析］要學(xué)會(huì)疑問(wèn)詞加不定式的用法，特別要注意的是what是疑問(wèn)代詞，而how是疑問(wèn)副詞。如：Iwanttoknowwhattodo.（我想知道干什么）。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.（我想知道如何去作）。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的，因how是疑問(wèn)副詞，不能作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，而what是疑問(wèn)代詞，可做do的賓語(yǔ)，所以whattodo后不要加it。.［誤］Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.［正］Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.［析］這是too...to的用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。.［誤］Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.［正］Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.［析］在句中表示某動(dòng)作的目的時(shí)，要用不定式而不能用for加動(dòng)名詞。.［誤］Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.［正］Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.［析］當(dāng)不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則其后面的介詞不要省略。如：Isatonthechair.這樣的用法還有：Iwanttofindaroomtolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith..［誤］Iamverygladmeetingyou.［正］Iamverygladtomeetyou.［析］許多形容詞后加不定式，這樣用時(shí)形容詞多是用來(lái)描述人物的感情、態(tài)度，如：glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,ready,careful,surprised.［誤］Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.［正］Thisworkisdifficulttodo.［析］在不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，下列情況常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)。①句子的主語(yǔ)即是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Couldyoufindmeajobtodo?③在形容詞之后的不定式，如：Englishisdifficulttolearn..［誤］Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus?Yes,I'dlove.［正］Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus?Yes,I'dloveto.［析］在口語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)答語(yǔ)中要將不定式符號(hào)保留，如：Ihadto（不得不作）I'mgoingto（打算作） I'dloveto（喜歡作）Ihopeto（希望作某事）I'llbegladto（高興作）.［誤］Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme?［正］Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme?［析］在感觀動(dòng)詞之后常接不帶to的不定式。這些詞是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,noticeo.［誤］Hewasseenpreparethiscar.［正］Hewasseentopreparethiscar.［析］在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中省去的不定式還原回來(lái)。.［誤］Pleaseletmychildtotryitagain.［正］Pleaseletmychildtryitagain.［析］在make,have,let后加不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。.［誤］Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelptocry.［正］Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelpcrying.［析］can'thelp+現(xiàn)在分詞表示情不自禁作某事。.［誤］Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.［正］Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.［析］現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有正在的含義，如：fallingl