2023年職稱英語理工類B級(jí)真題及答案

２023年職稱英語考試試題與答案理工類B第１部分詞匯題１、Joeｃameｔｏｔhewiｎｄoｗａｓｔｈecrowｄchaｎtｅd，”joe，joe,ｊoe！”Ａ、juｍｐedB．repeａt(yī)eｄＣ.maintaineｄD.aｐprｏａched2、Wｈａt(yī)puzzleｓmｅisｗｈyhisbｏoksaresoｐoｐular.A．cｏｎfuｓｅsB.shｏｃksC.inflｕencesD.concerns3.Thｅstorｍｃauseｄsevereｄａmagｅ.A.pｈysiｃalB.accｉdentａｌC．environｍeｎtaｌＤ.serious４．Ouｒａiｍｗaｓtoupdatethｅｈeａlｔhservｉce，aｎdｗesuｃcｅｅded.A．oｆｆerB.modernizeC.proｖideD.fund5.Hercommｅnｔｓａboｕtmｅnaｒｅutteｒlyｒｉdiｃulｏｕs.A.slｉghｔlｙＢ.parｔlｙＣ.faｉntlｙD.ｃompleｔely6．AｌaｒｇecrowdaｓｓemｂlｅdouｔsidｅthｅＡmｅricａｎeｍbassｙ．A.waｔchedB.gaｔherｅdC．shoｕtｅdD.ｗalked7.Thｅcontempthefeｌtforhisｆｅllowｓtudｅntｓｗａsobｖious.A．neｅdB.hａt(yī)eC.loveD．pity８．Ａlltｈeflａt(yī)sintｈebuildinghadｔhｅsａmelayoｕt．A.cｏloｒB.arraｎｇｅmentC．sizｅD.function9.Ｔhｅweａt(yī)hｅrwａｓcrispandｃleａraｎdyouｃoｕldseeｔhemounｔaｉnｓfiftyｍilesaｗay.A.ｈoｔB．hｅavｙC.freshD.ｗindy10.Heinｓpiredｍaｎyyoｕngｐeopletotakeｕpthｅsport.A.ａｌlowedＢ.caｌlｅｄC.ａｄvｉsｅdＤ.encourａｇed１1.Ithｉnｋ￡7foradrinｋisabitsteeｐ,ｄon’tyou?A.tighｔＢ.highC.ｌowD.ｃheaｐ12．Mostbabiescａntaｋeiｎａwideｒａnｇeoffoodeasily.A．ｂriｎｇB.keｅpC.sｅrveD.dｉgｅst13．Ｔhecｉtｙcｅｎtreｗａｓwiｐedoｕtｂytｈebomｂ．A.destoｒyeｄB．ｃoverｅdC.reduｃｅdＤ.moved1４.Thewａlｌsaremadeｏｆholｌowconcrｅｔｅbｌoｃｋs.A.ｅmptyＢ.ｂigC．lｏngD．new15.Dｏweｈａveｔｏｗeartheｓeｎａmeｔags?Ａ.ｌistsＢ．lａbelsC．foｒmsD.coｄｅs第２部分閱讀判斷EaｓternQｕakesCanTriggerBigShakesIｎｔｈeｆirsｔwｅe(cuò)koｆＮovｅｍber2023，ｐeｏpleiｎcｅｎtrａlＯkｌahoｍaexperiｅｎｃedｍorｅｔhantwｏdozenearthｑuaｋes.Thelaｒgest,ａmａgnｉtudｅ（量)５.6quａke,shｏoktｈousandsoｆfansｉｎacｏllegｅfootbaｌｌｓtａdium,cauｓedcraｃksｉnafewbuiｌdingsandscaｒeｄｍanypeoｐlewhohadnｅｖerｆelｔaquakｅbefoｒｅ．Oklａｈomaisｎotanareaofthecountｒyfamousfｏritｓｑuakes．IfyoｕwatchｔheｎｅwsoｎＴＶ,youseereportsaboｕｔallsortsofnaturａldisasterｓ.Butthemostdangerｏｕstypｅofｎatｕraldｉsaｓｔｅr,andalｓothemostuｎprｅｄictablｅ,iｓtheearthｑuakｅ.RｅｓｅarｃhersattheUSGeoｌogicａlSurｖey(UＳGＳ）eｓtimatetｈatseveｒaｌmillionｅａrthquakesoｃｃuｒglobａｌｌyeacｈyeａr.Ｔhａｔmaysoundscary,ｂutpeopｌedon’tfｅe(cuò)lmanｙｏftｈembeｃaｕｓｅｔheyhapｐenｉｎremoteaｎdｕnpopｕlaｔedregions．Manyquakｅshappenuｎdertheoceａn,andotｈerｓhavｅaｖeｒysmａllmagnｉtude.Scientiｓtsknowａboｕｔsmall,reｍotequakesonlybecausｅｏfveｒysenｓitｉvｅe(cuò)lectronicdｅｖicｅｓcaｌledseiｓｍomｅtｅrｓ(地震儀)．Ｔhｅsｅdevicｅsdeｔecｔandｍｅaｓureｔhesizeofgｒｏundvibratｉonｓ（震顫)ｐroｄｕｃeｄbyearｔｈquakeｓ.Alｔogｅｔher，USGSrｅｓｅａrcｈerｓｕseseiｓmoｍeterstoidentifyandloｃateabouｔ２0２3０ｅarthquakｅsｅａcｈyear.Althouｇｈearthquａkescanｈａpｐenaｎywｈereinthｅｗorｌｄ,reａllｙbigqｕakｅsoｃcuroｎlyincerｔaiｎaｒeａs.Thelａrgestｏnesreｇｉｓtｅraｍaｇnitｕde８orhｉgheranｄhappen,onaveｒagｅ,oｎlyoｎceｅachｙeaｒ．Sｕchbigoneｓtyｐｉcallyocｃｕraｌongthｅe(cuò)dgesofEarth’ｓtectonicｐｌateｓ（構(gòu)造板塊）.ThcｔonicｐlaｔｅsarehｕgepieｃesofEａrth’ｓcrust(外殼),someｔｉmｅｓmaｎykilometersｔhiｃk.Often，edgesoｆtheseｐｌａt(yī)esteｍporａrilyｌocｋtoｇｅthｅｒ.Ｗhenplａt(yī)esｐushaｎｄｓcrape（擦）ｐastｅachｏtｈerearthquakeｓoccur.Onaｖeｒage,tectoniｃplateｓmovｅvｅrysｌowly－-bouｔthｅsameｓｐeeｄａsyourｆinｇernaｉlｓgrow.Butsｏｍetimesearthquakesrumble(轟轟作響）thｒoughportionｓofthelandsｃａpｅｆaｒfrｏmaｐｌate’ｓｅdｇes.Ａlthｏugｈlesｓeｘｐｅctｅd,theｓｅ“mid-plaｔｅ”smalleａrthquａkｅscａnbｅｓtaｎtialdamage．SｏmｅｏfthebｉgｇeｓtknowneｘamplesｈittｈeeaｓtｅrnｈａlｆoftheＵｎｉteｄSｔatｅsｔwocentｕrｉｅsago.Ｔoｄａy,ｓcｉentistsａｒesｔｉｌlpuzｚlｉｎｇoｖerwhythｅquakｅsoccurｒｅｄanｄwhenｓiｍｉｌaｒonｅｓmightｏccｕr.16．Ｏｋlahｏmａisａnareaoｆtenexperieｎcingnaturaｌdｉｓasters.A．RｉghｔB.WrongＣ.Notmentｉoｎｅｄ１7.Ｔhｅｅarthquakeｉｓｔhemosｔunｐredicｔａbleｎatuｒalｄisaster．Ａ.ＲightB.WrｏnｇC.Noｔmentｉｏｎed1８.Feweartｈｑuakeｓhappenwitｈｏutpeople’saｗarｅnesｓ.A.RightB.WｒoｎgC.Nｏtmｅnｔioneｄ１9.SeismometersｃａnｉｄentifｙaｎdｌｏcatemoｓtoｆtheｅaｒthquakesinCｈｉna.A.RightB.ＷrｏngＣ．Notmeｎtionｅd20.Bigeａrthｑuａkｅsofamaｇｎitｕde8orhigherｓeldomhappenｆａrｆromtheedgｅsoftectoｎｉcpｌates.A.RigｈtB．WronｇC.Nｏtmeｎtioned21.Whenevertectonicplatｅｓｍove，ｅarｔｈquakeshaｐpeｎ.A.RiｇhｔB.WrongC.Notmentioｎed22.Theｅａrtｈｑuakethａt(yī)hｉttheeasteｒｎhalfoftｈｅUｎiｔｅdＳtatesｔwｏcｅnturiesagoｉstｈeｂｉggeｓt”miｄ－plate”oneｉnｈｉｓｔory.Ａ.RiｇｈtB.WroｎgC.Nｏtmentｉoned第3部分LeaｒnabｏutNoｂｌeGaｓｅs（惰性氣體）1Ｈaveｙoｕｅｖeｒrｉddeｎｏnabalｌooｎ?Ｍanytoｕriｓtspotsofｆeｒbａllooｎridｅsinｏrderｆorpeoｐleｔoｓeethｅbeａutyoｆaｐｌacefromaboｖe.Aｂａllooｎcoｎtａinsanoblegaｓｃalｌedｈellum(氦）.Forｍerｌy,bａlloonsｃoｎtainｅｄhｙｄroｇenbuthydrogeniｓveryflammabｌeandｄangerouswhenuncｏntｒoｌlｅｄ．Tｈerｅfｏｒe,peopｌeshｉftedtohelｉum,whicｈissaｆer.Heｌｉumiｓsａfebeｃaｕsｅｉthaｓｔheｐｒoperｔｉeｓofthｅnoｂlｅｇases．2Peopleonｃebeｌlｅｖeｄthaｔｎｏblegasｅｓcoulｄn’tchemｉcallyrｅacｔatalｌ.Forｔｈisｒeason，theywerecaｌｌeｄｉnerｔgaｓｅs(惰性氣體).TheｙｗereaｌsoｌisteｄunderGrouｐ0ｉｎthｅoldpeｒiodiｃtablebecａusesｃiｅntistsbelｉｅvedthatｔheｇasｅshavezerovalence（價(jià)）electronsiｎtｈeiroｕｔersｈell．Ｔhiswａsｌaterprｏventobｅuｎtruewｈenｓoｍenｏｂleｇascomｐoｕndswerｅdisｃｏvｅrｅｄ.3Tｈegaｓｅsareｅlements,wｈｉchshareｓiｍiｌａrproperｔieｓ．Ｔhesｅproｐeｒｔiesiｎcludｅbeiｎgmonoａt(yī)omic,ｃolorless,ｏdorlｅss，beinｇａbｌｅtocoｎdｕctｅlｅctriｃitｙ，anｄhaｖiｎglowｃhemiｃalreaｃtivity.NoblｅgasesｉncludeHeliuｍ，Neon,Argoｎ,Ｋryｐton,ＸenｏnaｎdRaｄon.ThｅｓｅaｒeallfｏundｉnGrｏuｐ1８,inｔｈeｒigｈｔmostcｏｌumnoｆtｈeperｉodictａblｅ.Ｉfyoｕlｏokａt(yī)ｔhepeｒioｄicｔabｌe,yoｕwiｌlnoｔｉｃｅthａｔtｈeseelementsaｒetｈｅoｎｌyoｎes,wｈicｈdonotｈaveacｈaｒｇｅ.Ｈeliumhａｓtｈeｌowｅｓtmｏlｅcｕlar（分子的）weighｔwhｉleRadonistheheaviest.４Remeｍberthａt(yī)chemｉｃalreacｔｉonsoｃcｕrbｅcauseatｏｍshａvevaleｎceeｌectｒonｓ,whichａｒeelｅctrｏｎsiｎtheｉroｕterｓhｅll．Ｗhentheouｔｅrshellis“unｆilleｄ”ｏrtherequｉrednumberofelectｒoｎｓiｓnoｔyetcoｍpｌｅte,theatomｉｓｍｏreｒeactive.Noｂlegaseshaveａfullouｔerｓhell,meaninｇthatthｅｙhavｅcompleteelectrｏnｓinthｅirouterｓhｅll.Thiscompｌｅtenumbervarieｓ.Ｆoｒｉｎstancｅ,theouｔersｈelloｆＨeｌiumhas2valencｅe(cuò)ｌｅｃtｒonswhilｅtｈeｏuｔersｈeｌｌofXenonhaｓ8eleｃｔronｓ.Nowaｄａys,ｔhｅrerｅｍainstobeａfeｗnoblegａsｅsbｅcａuseoftheｌoｗcｈeｍicalrｅactiｖitｙoftｈesesaiｄgａｓeｓ.５ｂecauｓeofthｅirpropertiｅｓ,nobleｇasesｈavｅmanyimportantaｐpｌｉcations.Ｔheyarｅwiｄeｌyusｅdinmeｄicｉｎeａndindustriｅs.Forinstａnｃe,lｉquｉｄHｅliｕmisuｓｅdｆorｓuｐeｒconｄuctingmaｇnets（磁體）.Thｅsemagneｔsａrｅｖerｙimporｔａntinphysicsaｎｄmedｉcｉｎe．Ｗhenadｏcｔorsusｐeｃtｓthatａpｅrsoｎ’sbraｉｎhaｓbeeｎdａmagｅｄ,hemigｈtrequestforＭaｇnetｉcＲesonanceImaｇｉng(MＲI）.MRIallｏwｓthedｏctorto“ｓeｅ”ｔhｅｂrain,withoutopeｒatingonthepatieｎt.23.ｐaｒagrapｈ2２4.paragraph3２5．paraｇrapｈ426.paｒaｇｒaph５A(chǔ).Ｈowweｒenoblegaｓesｄisｃovered?B.wｈaｔｉｓtｈeperｉodｉｃtaｂle？C.whatarethｅaｐｐliｃａｔionｓofnｏbｌeｇaseｓ?Ｄ．Howwｅｒeｎoｂlegaｓesundｅrstoodｉnｔhｅpａst?E．Ｗｈatcaｕsesｔhelowchemicａlｒeacｔｉvityｏfnoｂｌegases？F.Wｈatarenｏbleｇasｅs?2７.Noｂleｇaｓesarenoｔvｅrｙcheｍicaｌｌy．28.Aｍongthｅe(cuò)ｌemenｔsofｎｏblegａsesＨeliumisthｅ.2９．Therequirｅdnumｂｅrofelectronｓinnobｌｅｇases’ouｔｅrshellｉs.30.MRIｍａｙｍakeoperaｔiｎｇｏnｔhepaｔiｅｎt.Ａ．ｃoｍpｌeteB．reａctiveC．unneceｓsaryD.flamｍaｂleE.imｐortantF．ｌiｇhtesｔ第4部分閱讀理解第一篇GｒｏssＮａt(yī)ioｎalHappiｎｅssIntheｌastcｅntury,newtechnｏｌogyiｍprovedtheｌｉｖesｏfmanypeoｐleinmanycountries.Howｅｖer,onecｏｕｎtrｙrｅsｉstｅdthｅｓechangｅs.ＨighｉnｔheHiｍａlａyanｍounｔainｓｏfＡsia，theｋingdomoｆBhｕtaｎremainedseｐaｒaｔe.IｔspｅopleandBuddhist（佛教）cｕlturｅhａdnotbeenaffecｔｅdforalmostathousaｎdyearｓ.Bhutａn，ｈoｗevｅｒ,waｓapｏoｒcountry.Peopledｉｅdatａｙoungａｇe.Ｍｏstofiｔsｐeｏｐｌeｃｏulｄnotreａｄ，anｄtheｙdiｄnｏtknoｗmucｈabouｔtheｏutsｉdeworld．Tｈｅn,in197２,ａｎeｗrulernameｄKinｇＪigmeSiｎgyeＷａngchuｃkdｅcidedtoｈeｌpＢhuｔａnｔoｂecomemｏdeｒn,butｗiｔhoｕｔlosinｇｉtstrａditiｏnｓ.KiｎｇWａngcｈuckｌookedaｔoｔhercoｕntｒieｓfoｒideａs.Heｓawthａt(yī)mostcouｎtrieｓｍeａsureｄtheirｐroｇrｅsｓbｙtheirGrossＮａｔonａｌPrｏdｕｃt（GＮP).TheGNPmeaｓureｓproductsaｎdmｏｎｅy．Wｈｅｎｔhｅnｕmberofprodｕctssoldｉnｃｒeaｓes,pｅoplesaythecｏunｔｒｙiｓmａkｉnｇproｇｒeｓｓ.KinｇWangcｈuckhaｄａｄifｆerentideaforBｈutan．Heｗａｎtedtomeaｓureｈisｃouｎtry’ｓｐrogressbypeｏｐle’shapｐinｅss．Iｆｔhepeｏple’shaｐpｉnessincreasｅｄ，tｈekｉngcoｕlｄsaｙthaｔＢｈｕtanｗasｍａkinｇｐrｏgｒeｓs.Todｅｃiｄeifpeoｐlewereｈapｐｉｅr,ｈecrｅaｔedameasurｅcalｌedGrｏｓｓＮatｉｏnalHaｐpiness(GNＨ）.ＧNHisｂasｅdonｃertａinpｒｉnｃipｌeｓthａt(yī)cｒｅatｅhappiness.Peopｌeaｒehapｐiｅriftheyhavehealthcａre,ｅducation,aｎdｊobｓ.Thｅyarehａppｉｅrwhenｔheｙｌiveinａhｅalthy,protecｔｅdenviroｎｍｅｎt.Theyarehappiｅrwhenthｅyｃanｋeepｔhｅirｔrａdiｔｉonalｃultureａnｄｃｕstomｓ.Finａllｙ,ｐeoplearｅhａｐpierwhentheyｈａveaｇood，stａbｌeｇovｅrnment.NｏwtｈeseiｓsomeｅvideｎcｅofincreaｓeｄGNHiｎBhｕtan.Pｅｏpleareｈeaｌthiｅrandarelivinglｏnger．Mｏreｐeopleａrｅe(cuò)ducａt(yī)edandｅｍploｙed.Teentｙ－ｆiveｐｅrcentoftheｌａｎｄｈaｓbecomｅｎａt(yī)ｉｏnalｐarkｓ,ａｎdthｅcountｒｙｈasalmｏstnopoｌlutｉoｎ.ＴｈeBhutanｅseｃontｉnｕetowearthｅiｒｔrａditiｏｎａlclothinganｄfｏllowtｈeirａncientBuｄdｈistｃuｓtomｓ.Bｈutanhａsalsoｂｅcoｍeaｄemocrａcy.In202３,KingWangchuckｇavehiｓpｏwｅrｔohiｓsoｎ.Aｌthouｇhthecｏuntryｓtillhadaking,ithelｄitｓfiｒstｄemocｒaticelectｉonｓthatyeａｒ.Ｂhutanhadpolｉtｉcalｐartiesandpoliticalcａndiｄatesｆorthｅfiｒsttｉme.Ｆiｎally,Bhutaｎhascｏnnｅｃtedtotｈerestofｔｈewｏrlｄthroｕgｈtｅｌevisioｎaｎdinternet．Ｂhuｔａｎiｓａsｙmboｌforｓocｉaｌprｏgrｅsｓ．MａnycoｕｎtrieｓarenowinteｒｅsteｄinBhｕｔan’sGNH.Thesecｏuntrieｓaｒeinveｓｔｉgａｔinｇthｅirowｎwaystomｅasｕrehappｉnｅss.Theywａｎttoｃreaｔｅneｗpｏliｃiestｈatｔakｅcareoftheirpeople,cｕltｕrｅs，andlanｄ．BrazilｍaybｅthenｅsｔcouｎｔryｔｏusｅtheprinｃｉpleｓoｆGNH.BｒaziliａnleadｅrsseｅtheｐrｉｎcｉｐlesofGNHasasourceofｉnspiraｔion.Brazilｉsalargeｃｏuntｒywitｈadｉversｅｐｏpulａt(yī)ion.IfhappiｎｅssworksａsameasuｒｅoｆｐroｇressｉnＢrazｉl,pｅｒhapｓtｈｅresｔoftheworldwｉllfollow.31．WhoｗasJiｇｍeSingｙeWangcｈuck?A.Aking.B．Apｒesｉdeｎt.C.ABｕdｄhｉstprｉest.D.Aｇeneｒaｌ.３２.AparｔfrｏmmｏdｅrｎizingBhutan,whaｔｅlｓｅdｉｄＷanｇcｈuckｗaｎｔtoｄofoｒBｈutan？Ａ．Tｏmａkeitｓpopｕlａｔiongｒoｗ.B．Toｋeｅpｉtstｒaditioｎsａndcustoms．C.Tokeｅpitsepａratｅfrｏmthｅｗorld.D.Ｔoｅncourageｉtsｐｅoplｅtｏgetriｃh.３３.AcｏuntｒyshｏwｓitspｒoｇresswithＧＮPｂｙＡ.spendinｇｍoｒeｍoney.B.ｓpendinglｅssmoney.C.prｏvｉdingｍorejobs．D.sｅｌlinｇmoreprｏduｃts.34．AccｏrdingtoＧNH，ｐｅopｌｅａrehａpｐｉｅｒiftheyA.haveｎewｔecｈnolｏｇｙ.B.canｃhaｎgetheirｒeligion.C.haｖeagooｄ，sｔabｌegovernｍｅnt.D．haｖｅmoremoney．35.TｏdaymanｙcouｎtrieｓareA.uｓingthｅｐrinｃiplｅsｏfGNHtｏmeasuretｈeirｐrｏgrｅss．B.woｒｋinｇtogethertodeveｌoｐacｏmmonscａｌｅｔoｍeasurｅGNＨ．Ｃ．tａkiｎｇboｔhBhutaｎanｄＢrazilasｓymboｌsforｓｏcialｐrogｒess．D.tryiｎgtoｆiｎdｔheirowｎwaｙstｏｍｅａsｕrehapｐinｅss.第二篇AｒcｈiveGallery:TheＢeｓtｏfＢｉonics（仿生學(xué)）Ｈumansｍｉgｈtｂetｈｅmoｓtｈigｈｌy-evolｖedspecｉesontｈeplanｅｔ,butmosｔａｎｉmalsposseｓsskillsweｃanonlyｄｒeａmofｈａｖｉng.Imagineｈowmucｈelectriｃｉｔyweｃｏuｌdsａveifwecoｕldseeinthedarｋthewaycatsdo．Ｉｍagiｎelｅapｉnｇfｒomtｒｅe(cuò)totｒｅｅｌｉkeａmonkｅｙ．Giraffes(長頸鹿）,ｗｈiｃhaｒeoｔhｅrwisecａlmanｄgood－natureｄ,ｓｌeeｐonly4.6hoursａday.Wereａｌizedａlong,longtimeａgothａt(yī)ｎａt(yī)ureｐroviｄesthebｅstblｕｅｐrｉnt(藍(lán)圖)forｉｎventioｎ.Ｗe’veborroｗedｃaｎａlｓfromｂeavｅｒs（河貍)andｒeflｅcｔoｒsｆrｏｍｃaｔ’sｅyｅs.Aｌｔｈoｕgｈthewords“biｏnｉcs”ｂecａｍeｐｏpuｌaronlyafterｔhe１960s,ｈistoryshowsthatnａt(yī)urehasalwaysprovidｅdidｅａsｏnｓolｖｉnｇeｖerｙdayproblems.Oｕrａrchives(檔案)don’ｔgobacktｏtｈetimeofLｅonardｏｄaVinｃiaｎdhisbird－likｅｆlyingmaｃhinｅs,ｂutｗecａｎｔakｅyｏuｔoｔhelate19ｔｈceｎｔｕrｙ,wｈereweappliedｔｈｏsesameprincｉplesｆorbuｉldingｏurｆirstprａctｉcalａirplａnes.ＴｏｐｒeparｅfortheirｆlighｔatKｉtｔyHａｗk，tｈeWrightｂroｔhｅrsstudieｄthemoveｍentsofｐｉgeoｎsｔofｉｇｕreｏuthowtheystａｙedhiｇhｕｐwhenｔheywerｅheａvierthａｎair.Thｅirsｕccessinspiｒedscｏresofｓｕccessoｒstoimprｏveonｔheairplaneｂｙstudyingｖａrｉousａspeｃtsofnaturｅ.OnｅｏfOｒvilｌｅＷright’spuｐilscａugｈtanｄstuffｅdseagｕlｌｓｔｏexamiｎetｈeirwingｓｐaｎ.Meａｎｗhile,twoFrｅnｃhｉｎｖentｏrsexaminedｓpiｎningsycamｏre(梧桐）ｓeedsinaｎefforttoａpplｙtｈosｅｓaｍemotiｏｎs,rｅｖersｅd,ｔoａｈeｌicopter．Someｅxａmｐlesaｒemｏreobｖiouｓthａｎothｅｒｓ．ＴheｏutｓideofthｅairplanedesignedbytheWｒightbroｔｈersｌookslikeamiｎimalisｔｉc(簡樸抽象藝術(shù)）sｔruｃtuｒe.Ｏntheoｔherhａnd,BarneyConneｔt’sfishsubｍａrinｅ(潛水艇）ａctuaｌｌyｌoｏｋslikeafish.Soｍeｂiｏ-iｎspｉredconｃeptsｈaｖeyettｏbｅiｎventeｄ.Inthｅ19６0s，tｈeUSAｒmｙcommｉssiｏnｅdｓeｖerａluniｖersityproｆesｓｏｒｓtoｃonｄucｔrｅsearchonthemotorskillsaｎiｍalｓinhopeoｆapplｙｉngthosesａmeabilitiｅsｔotａｎks.Tanｋsthatrunlikehorsesorjｕmplｉkｅgｒａsshｏｐｐｅrs(螞蚱)-souｎdssｈockiｎｇ，dｏeｓn’tｉt?Ｂｕtｉmaｇinehowlifewouldchａngｅifwecｏｕldachiｅvethat.３6.“ｃats”，”ｍｏｎkeyｓ”and“ｇiraffes”ｍenｔioneｄinｐaragraｐh1aｒeexampleｓｔoiｌlustrateA.thｅyarｅhｉghlｙ-eｖolｖedspecieｓaｓhumａns.Ｂ.ｈｕmanscanｌｅａrnａnimalｓ’skｉlls.C．thｅyaｒesｋｉllｆuｌindｉfｆｅrentwayｓ.D.aｎｉｍalsｈａｖeｓkillsthathumａnsdonoｔposｓess．3７.Ｗhｉchｏｆｔhefoｌlowｉｎgcaｎbefoundinthearchivｅgaｌleｒｙ?A.Ｈiｓtｏryｂｏｏks.B.TheWrightbｒｏtheｒs’ｓｃｕlpｔure.C．Ｆiｒstｐｒacticaｌairplａnesbuilｔiｎtｈelate19thｃｅntｕｒy.Ｄ．Ｌeonardoｄavｉnci’sbｉrd-likｅｆｌｙingmａchines．3８.ＷhathapｐeｎedafｔerｔheＷrｉghtbｒｏthers’succesｓ?A.Ｐeopleｃａrｒiedｏuｔaｓystemaｔicｓtudｙonpｉgeons.B.Peoplesｔuｄｉedmoreanimalsaｎdpｌａnｔstｏdevelｏｐtheａirplane．C.Peoplecoｕndflｙｔheirairplａｎefｏrfun.D.PeopｌeｋeｐtｔｈeｉraｉrplaneatａFｒenｃhgaｌlｅｒｙ.39．WhichoftｈeｆｏlｌowingintrueabouttheｒeｓearchcａrriedoｕｔbyｔｈeＵSArmy?A.Iｔhaｓcｈanｇeｄｏuｒlife.B.Ithascostalａｒgesuｍofｍｏnｅｙ.Ｃ．Iｔhaｓimprｏｖｅdｔheabｉｌitiesoftanｋs.D．Ithaｓnotｓｕcceedeｄyet．40.Ｗhatｄoesthｅwritｅrwａｎｔtotｅlｌintheｐasｓａｇe?A.Manyiｎｖｅｎtionsgetiｄｅasfroｍnaｔure.B.Sｏmｅanimaｌｓｐoｓｓesｓｕｎiqｕeｓkilｌs.C.Peoplｅshoulｄpｒotecｔｎatuｒe.D．Bｉｏnicｓiｓfarfroｍｐerfect.第三篇"LｉfeForｍＦouｎd"ｏnSａｔｕrn'sTitan

ＳｃientｉstssaytｈｅyhaｖedisｃoｖｅrｅdhｉntsofａlieｎｌifeontheSaturn'smoｏn．ThｅdiscoｖｅryoｆasｏrtoflｉｆeｗasａnnoｕｎcedafteｒｒeｓeａrｃhｅrsatthｅUＳspaｃeaｇencｙ，NASＡ,aｎaｌyzeｄdａｔaｆrｏmspacecraｆtCassｉni,wｈｉchpointedtotheeｘisｔencｅｏfmethane-baseｄformoｆlifeonSatuｒn'sbiggestmoon.?Sｃientiｓtshａverｅportedlydisｃoveredcluessｈowinｇｐrｉｍitｉveａliｅnｂeiｎｇsａre"breathing"inTitan'sｄenｓｅatmosｐｈerefilledwithhｙdrogeｎ.?TheｙaｒguｅｔhaｔhyｄrｏgｅｎｇetsaｂsｏrbedbeｆｏrehittiｎｇTitａn'splanet-likesｕrｆacecoｖeｒｅｄwｉthmethanelakｅｓaｎdriｖers.This，theysay,poiｎtstotｈeexistenｃｅofsｏｍe＂bugs"conｓuｍiｎgthehｙdrｏｇｅｎatthesurfaceｏftheｍｏonlesｓtｈanhａｌｆｔhesizeofｔｈｅEarth.

"Ｗesｕggeｓtedhydｒoｇｅnｃonsｕmptionｂecauｓeiｔ＇ｓｔhｅoｂviouｓgasfｏrlifeｔoconsｕｍeonTiｔaｎ，similａrtothewａyweｃｏｎｓuｍeoｘygenonEａrth，＂sayｓＮASAｓcｉeｎtistＣhrisMｃＫaｙ．"Ifｔhesesignsｄｏturnｏｕttｏbｅａsignofｌife，ｉtwouldｂedoublyeｘcitｉngｂecａuｓeitwoｕｌdreｐresentaｓecｏndforｍｏfliｆeｉｎdepｅnｄentfrｏmwａt(yī)ｅr-baseｄlifｅoｎEarth."

Toｄate,ｓciｅntｉｓtshaveｎotｙｅtdetectｅdｔhiｓｆormoflifeaｎyｗhere,tｈoｕｇｈtｈereareｌｉqｕid-wateｒ－ｂａｓedmicrooｒｇaｎiｓｍsonEarthｔｈatgrowwellonmetｈaneｏｒprodｕceitasawaｓtｅprｏducｔ.OｎTｉtan，ｗheretemperａt(yī)ｕresａrearound9０Ｋelvｉn(miｎｕs290dｅgrｅｅsFarｅnheiｔ),aｍeｔhanｅbａｓeｄorganismwouldｈavetｏuｓｅasubstaｎceｔｈatiｓｌiquiｄasitsｍeｄiｕmｆorｌｉvingpｒｏcesｓｅs,butnｏｔwateｒｉtsｅlｆ．WａｔeｒisｆｒozensoｌiｄｏnTｉｔａn'sｓｕrｆaceanｄmｕｃhtoocoldtosｕpportlifｅａswｅkｎｏwit.?SｃieｎtistｓhadexpｅctedtheSun'sｉnteractioｎｓｗithｃhemicalｓｉntｈeａt(yī)mosｐheｒetoprｏｄｕcｅａcoaｔｉngofaceｔｙlenｅonTiｔan＇ssｕrfａcｅ.BｕｔCasｓｉnidetｅctedｎｏａcetyleneonthesurface.?TheabseｎceoｆdetectaｂleａcetyleｎeontheTiｔan'ssurｆaｃecａｎverywellhaveanon-bｉoｌoｇｉcａlｅxplanation,sａidMarkAｌｌen,aprinｃｉｐaｌiｎｖｅｓｔigatｏrｏftｈeＮAＳATｉtanｔeam.

＂Scientiｆiccｏnsｅrvatismｓuggesｔｓthaｔabiologicａｌｅxｐlanaｔiｏnｓhouldｂetｈeｌａstchoiceaftｅrallnoｎ-ｂiｏlogicaｌexpｌanａt(yī)ioｎsａreａddrｅssed,"Ａllｅｎｓaｉd．"Wehaveａlｏｔｏfworｋtodｏtｏrｕleoutpossibleｎon-bｉolｏgiｃalｅｘpｌaｎａt(yī)iｏns.Itｉsｍorelikelythaｔachemicalpｒoｃesｓ，wiｔhoutbioｌogy,canexplaintheseresuｌts.＂4１．WｈatdosｃieｎtistsｃlaimtohaveｆoundaboutＳaturn??Ａ.Ｗａｔｅr－ｂaseｄlｉｆeoniｔ.Ｂ．Ｍethaｎe-baseｄlifeonｉtsbiggestmoｏn．Ｃ.Aneｗｍooｎｍoｖｉngaroundit.D.Eａｒtｈlikeliｆeonitsbiggeｓtmoon.42.WhiｃhoｆｔｈｅfollｏwｉnｇｓtatementsaｂoutTitanistrue？A.IｔisaslarｇeaｓtｈeEａrth.B.Tｈeｒeｉsacｅtyｌｅnｅonitsｓurface．C.Waｔeｒonｉｔacｔsａsａlifesｕｐｐoｒtingmediｕｍ.Ｄ.Hｙdｒogencｏnsumptionisreｐortedｔoｂeoｎｉt.43．Ｔheexpｒesｓion"tｈiｓｆormoflｉｆe"ｉnｐaragrａｐh5referｔo??A.Wａt(yī)er-baｓｅｄlife．

B.oxygｅｎ-basedliｆe.C.Metｈane－baｓedlife.?D.Ｌiqｕid-baｓeｄｍiｃｒoorganiｓmｓ.

４4.ItｃanｂeiｎｆeｒｒeｄｆｒoｍMａrkＡlleｎ’sａddreｓsthatA.SｃieｎtiｓｔsaretryiｎｇtoconfirmtheseｉslifeonTitan.B.Ｓcienｔｉsｔsagreetｈａt(yī)acｈeｍicａｌproｃessisａconviｎｃingｅxpｌａnａt(yī)ion.C.Scientistssｈａretheopinionthataｂiｏlogiｃaleｘｐlanationisreaｓonaｂlｅ.Ｄ.SｃientistsａrearｇuｉngoverwhetｈerthereｉsｌifｅonＴitan.45.Whicｈofthefollowinｇcanｒeｐlacethetiｔleofthispaｓsage?A.AｄｉfferentＬifeForｍ,aPosｓiｂiｌitｙ.B．EarｔｈｌikeＬivｉnｇBeiｎｇsFoｕndｏnTitａn.?C.ＦindinｇoｆＯneMｏreMooｎoｆSａｔｕｒn’s．?D.Tｉtan，aNｅwSatｅlliteDisｃovｅrｅd.第5部分補(bǔ)全短文ＶoicｅYｏurOｐinion:ChａngeIｓＮｅe(cuò)dｅdinYouthSportsＥveryｗheｒeyouloｏk,yousｅe(cuò)kidｓbｏunｃiｎgaｂａsｋｅtbａllorwavingａｔeｎｎisｒacqｕet（網(wǎng)球拍）.Ａndｔheｓeｋidｓaregettingyoungeｒaｎdyoｕnger.Insomｅcouｎｔrｉes,cｈildrｅncancompeteｏｎbasｋｅtball,ｂasebａll,andvolleybａllteamssｔaｒｔingatagｅnine.（4６)Anｄsｗｉmｍingandgｙmnａstiｃｓｃlａｓsesbeginａt(yī)agefｏｕr,ｔｏprｅｐarｅchｉldｒenforcoｍpｅｔｉｔioｎ.It’ｓtruｅtｈａｔａfewofthesｅkｉｄｓｗilｌdevelopiｎtｏhighlyｓkｉｌｌedatｈlｅtesanｄｍayeveｎbeｃomeｍｅｍbｅｒsｏfｔｈenatioｎａlＯｌｙｍpictｅaｍs.(４7）Ｔｈisempｈasｉｓｏｎcompeｔitｉｏｎinsportsisｈavingｓeriouｓnegatiｖeeffeｃts.Childrｅnwhogetinvoｌvedｉncｏｍpetｉtｉｖespｏrtsataｙoｕｎgaｇeoftengroｗtｉrｅｄｏftｈｅirsport.Manypaｒentｓｐreｓsurethｅｉrkｉdstｏcｈooseonesporｔanddeｖｏｔｅaｌltｈeｉrtｉmetoiｔ.(４8)Bｕt66pｅrcentｏftheyoｕngatｈleteswantｅdtopｌaｙmorethaｎoｎespｏｒt-ｆorｆun.Anotｈｅrproblemisthｅpresｓureimposeｄbｙoveｒ-cｏmｐetitivepａｒｅnｔsanｄｃoacheｓ.Cｈildrｅnａrenotnａｔuraｌｌyｃoｍpeｔｉtive.Ｉnfact,arecｅntstｕdｙbyＰaｕloＤavidfoundtｈａt(yī)mosｔchｉlｄrｅndon’tｅvｅnｕnderstandtｈeidｅaｏfｃompｅtitionｕntilｔｈeyａreｓevenyearｓｏld．(49)Thethiｒd,ａndｂiｇｇest,ｐroｂlｅmｆｏryounｇathｌetesisｔｈeｌackoftimeｔodotheiｒhｏｍｅｗork,ｈavｅｆuｎ,beｗｉthfｒiends—iｎsｈｏｒt,timetobekiｄs.Whｅｎtheyareｆoｒｃedｔospendevｅryafteｒnoｏnatsporｔspraｃｔice,theｙoftenstarｔtohａt(yī)eｔｈeirchosenspｏrｔ.Asｅarchersfoundtｈat70percenｔｏfkｉdｓwhoｔakepartincompetitivesｐorｔsbeｆorｅｔheoftwelveｑuitｂｅfoｒｅｔheytｕrneightｅe(cuò)n.(５0)Excｅssｉveｃompetitiveawayａlｌｔｈeenｊoyment.Needtoremeｍbｅrthepurposeｏfyoutｈspｏｒts–togｉvekｉdｓachaｎceｔoｈavedevelopinｇstroｎg，healthybodieｓ.Butwhaｔａbouttheｏtｈｅrs,ｔheaｖｅrａgｅkiｄs?Theyouthsoｃcerorgaｎizａt(yī)ioｎｈasteamsforｃhildrｅnasyoungａsfive．Aｓurveｙfoｕndthaｔ79ｐercentofpaｒentsｏfｙｏungathｌetesｗanｔedｔheirｃｈilｄｒencoｎceｎｔraｔｅoｎoｎespｏrt.Ｖeryyoｕｎgkidsdon’tｋnowwhytheirparenｔsａｒｅpuｓhｉngthemsohａｒｄ.Ｓｐｏｒtsｆorｃｈildｒenhavetwｏｉmpoｒｔantpurposes．Manyoftｈｅｍcoｍpｌｅtｅlyloseｉｎteｒeｓｔinspｏrts.第6部分完形填空ClimateChanｇePosｅsMaｊｏrRiskｓfoｒUnprepareｄCiｔieｓAnｅｗeｘaminatiｏnoｆuｒbａnpolｉｃieshasbeen

carriedoｕtｒeｃenｔlｙbｙPatricｉａRomeroLankａｏ.Sｈeｉsasocioｌogｉｓtsｐecializinｇiｎcliｍatecｈangｅand

51

develｏpment．Ｓhewaｒnｓthat

manyofthewｏｒlｄ’sfast-groｗingｕrbanａrｅaｓ,especiａlｌyｉｎdevｅlｏｐｉngcｏuｎｔｒies．ｗiｌｌlikeｌysuffer

fromthe52ｏｆchangingclｉmaｔe．Herwoｒｋａlsocｏｎｃｌｕdｅｓthａt(yī)ｍostcitiesarefaｉlingto

５3

emissiｏnsofｃａrboｎdiｏｘｉdeａｎｄｏthergｒeenhousegaseｓ．These

ｇaｓesareknown

tｏaffecｔｔｈeatmoｓphere.”Ｃlimatechangeｉｓadeeplyｌｏcaliｓｓｕeandposesｐrofouｎd５４tothｅgrowingcｉtieｓofthewｏrld,”saysRomerｏL(fēng)ａnｋao．”Buttoｏfewciｔiesaredevelopingｅｆｆｅｃtivｅstｒategiestoprｏtect

theｉrresｉdentｓ．"

Cｉtiｅsaｒe

５5

sourcesofgｒeenhｏusｅgａｓｅｓ．Ａnｄurbａnpopulatｉonsarelikelytoｂeamonｇtｈosｅｍｏsｔseverｅlyaffｅcｔedbｙfｕtuｒeｃlimatecｈanｇe.Lankaｏ’ｓfindings

highｌightwaｙsinｗhicｈcitｙ-reｓｉｄentｓaｒepaｒticulａrlｙvｕlnerable,andsuggｅsｔpolｉcyiｎterｖentionstｈaｔｃｏulｄofferiｍmedｉaｔeandlｏnｇｅｒ-tｅrｍ

56

．

Ｔhｅloｃaｔionsanｄdｅnseｃonstruｃｔioｎpａt(yī)tｅrnsofcitiesｏｆtenpｌaｃeｔheirpopulatiｏｎsaｔgｒeａt(yī)eｒ57fｏrｎatuｒａｌｄisaｓtｅrs.Potentiaｌ

thｒｅａt(yī)s

ａｓsoｃiaｔedｗithclimateincludestormsｕrｇeｓand

prolｏnｇeｄhotｗeａｔher.Stormsurｇescaｎｆloodcoastalareaｓandpｒｏloｎgedhotweathｅrｃanheat

５８

ｐａvedｃitiｅsmoreｔhａnsｕｒrｏundingareａs．Ｔｈeｉmpactｓofsuｃｈnａt(yī)uralｅventscaｎｂeｍore59inanurbａnenvirｏnment.Foｒｅxamｐlｅ，apｒoｌongeｄheaｔwavecａniｎｃrｅａｓeexiｓtiｎg

ｌevelｓofaiｒpolluｔiｏn，causｉｎg

wｉdesprｅadｈeaｌtｈｐroblems．Poorerneighborhoｏｄsthａt(yī)

ｍay

60

ｂａsicfacilｉtiｅssuchasdrinｋｉngwａt(yī)erｏradepeｎdaｂlenetｗoｒｋｏｆrｏaｄs,ａreespｅcialｌｙvｕlnerablｅtonａt(yī)ｕralｄisasterｓ．Ｍanyresiｄentsinpｏorercｏuｎtriesliｖeiｎｓｕｂsｔaｎdarｄhouｓｉng

６1

accｅsstoreｌiaｂledｒiｎｋiｎｇwater，rｏadsandbａsｉcservicｅs.

Lｏｃａlｇoveｒnmｅnts，

therefoｒe，ｓhouldtａkemeasureｓto62theｉｒｒesidｅｎts.”Unｆoｒtｕnａt(yī)ｅly,ｔheｙtｅｎdtomovetｏwardsrhetoric

63

ｍｅaningfｕlrｅsponses，

RoｍerｏＬanｋaowriteｓ,”Theydon’timpｏsｅconsｔructiｏnstandarｄstｈatcoulｄreduceｈeａt(yī)iｎgａndairｃｏndiｔｉｏning６4.Thｅｙdon'tｅmphaｓｉzemasstrａnsｉtaｎdｒｅｄuce

aｕtomobｉle

uｓe.Ｉnｆact,ｍaｎyｌoｃal

govｅrnｍｅnｔs

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