賓語從句學(xué)案

賓語從句1、定義：賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。2、連接詞(1)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。造句：1.他說他想呆在家里Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.2.我確定他能成功I,msure(that)hewillsucceed.(2)當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否"。如:例句：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。造句：他問我是否可以幫助他。Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelphim.但在下列情況下只能用whether：①在具有選擇意義，與ornot連用時(shí)，尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí)，往往用whether如：Idon'tknowwhetherhedoesanywashingornot.(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。造句：我不知道他是否能來。Idon,tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.(=Idon,tknowwhetherornothewillcome)②在介詞之后用whether。如:I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。造句：我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings．造句：這取決于你是否能做好這項(xiàng)工作。Itdependsonwhetheryoucandothejobwell.③在不定式前用whether。如:Idon'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。造句：他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.這是否真的我說不上來。⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句并放在句首和表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)只能用whether。如:Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。I,venoideawhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.造句：1.是否要開會(huì)仍是一個(gè)問題。Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifthemeetingwillbegiven..問題是是否要開會(huì)。Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbegiven..他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。Hehasn,tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.（3）特殊疑問詞1）連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有:who,what,whoever,辿返迄三等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,which,howmany,howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom.老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who,whom,what等。如：CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？填空：Ireallydon,tknowyoushoulddependonifyoudon,tdependonyourparents.4）連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what,which,howmany,howmuch,how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？造句：她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.5）連接副詞where,when,how,why。造句：你能告訴我學(xué)校在哪嗎？Couldyoutellmewheretheschoolis?造句：我不知道他為什么遲到了。Idon,tknowwhyheislate形式賓語：當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）或從句在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)（如：think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）例句：TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemakesitarulethathewillneverborrowmoney.造句：1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很難。.我討厭母親讓我吃雞蛋時(shí)候。Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs..時(shí)態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：①Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.孩子們不知道他是誰。②Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。賓語從句習(xí)題Hetoldmehewouldgotocollegethenextyear.Idon,tknowtherewillbeabus.Ireallydon,tknowyoushoulddependonifyoudon,tdependonyourparents.Hedidn,ttellmehewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime.Letmeknowtrainyou,llbearrivingon.Canyouworkoutmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?Makesuretherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.Wethinkitnecessarywetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday..TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich.Doyouknowtheman?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke.Thisisthehotellastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich.ThatisthedayI'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when.Thefactorywe'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there.Thisisoneofthebestfilms.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked.Thepenheiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that.Theengineermyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose'minterestedinyouhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichwanttousethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as.Heisn'tsuchamanheusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as.HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what.LiMing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhimdon'tlikeasyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what.Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whonourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlypersonI'veevermetcoulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;wholostabook,Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.whathaveboughtsuchawatchwasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itcanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when.Thewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./.Thisisthereasonhedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich.Thismachine,formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter.Thereasonhedidn'tcomewashewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what.Heisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who.ThatisnotthewayIdoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich.Ihavetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.whichMyneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.itThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhichHeisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asYoucandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whoseSmoking,isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though---Didyouasktheguardhappened?---Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;thatIshallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;whichThenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;areDuringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowedIsoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.itThecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;thatIssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhereJohngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.whoIhaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhichAllthatcanbeeateneatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen參考答案及解析A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。C.解析同第5題。A.解析見第3題。A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the,則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思，介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語，即heiswritingwithapen.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).D.thesame as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.D.such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such...as或thesame...as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要用sucha ，本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示物的名詞時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞要用that.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語，不可省略.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhichA.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以 而聞名”.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞，但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in（或其他介詞）+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷浴.forwhich在定語從句