2021-2022學(xué)年浙江省寧波市高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

202L2022學(xué)年浙江省寧波市高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共10小題，共25.0分）

A

SwissdesignerDidierRudolfQuarroz'sloveofChineseteaculturehasinspiredhimtodesign

innovativenewitemstobrewthetea.QuarrozdevelopedaninterestinChineseteaafter

workingataShanghai-baseddesigncompany,wherehewasbychanceengagedinateaproject.

HisresearchhelpedhimdevelopadeepunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChineseand

Westernteaproducts.Andthismadehimthinkaboutdesigningitemsfbrforeignerstobrew

Chinesetea.4ihopetodesigneasy-to-useandmoderntea-makingtoolstohelpforeignerstry

Chinesetraditionalteaandgivethemaninterestingexperienceinbrewingtea/1Quarrozsays.

In2017,hemovedtoHangzhou,capitalofEastChina'sZhejiangprovinceandamajor

tea-productionbase,toexplorethepossibilitiesofapplyingWesternconceptsindesigning

objectsforChinesetea.UIwanttofocusontheteaindustry,andHangzhouisagreatfitbecause

ofthelonghistoryandprofoundcultureofteahere,"Quarrozsays.

QUHITOZbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainftiser（注射器）tomakebrewingeasier

forfbreigners.It'saglasscontainerwithasilicone（桂膠）lid.Allusersneedtodoistoputthe

leavesinside,placeinacupandaddhotwater.J,Theinfusercanbetakenoutfromthecup

easilywithoutusers*fingersbeinghurtbythehotwater,"Quarrozsays.

Hangzhouhasaboomingteaindustry,whichhasofferedtheSwissdesignermanyopportunities

tocooperatewithlocalplantationsandcompanies.''DrivenbytheloveofChinesetea,I

cooperatewithlocalcompaniesandhelpthemtodevelopnewkindsofteaproducts.Also,we

sometimesorganizeworkshopstointroducedifferentteastothepublic/'Quarrozsays.

Hangzhoualsoenablessmoothbusinessoperations,headds,"Ingeneral,itiseasytostarta

businessinHangzhou.Andthegovernmentandagenciesareincreasingeffortstohelpand

supportyoungentrepreneurs,includingusfromforeigncountries,"headds.Quarrozsayshe

planstodesign10innovativetea-relatedproductsbycombiningChineseteaculturewith

internationalelements.

1.Quarroz'snewitemshavethefollowingfeaturesEXCEPT.

A.beingdesignedbyhand

B.usingWesternconcepts

C.makingbrewingeasierforforeigners

D.providinginterestingbrewingexperiences

2.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4probablyreferstothe.

A.containerB.infuserC.lidD.leaf

3.WhatmakesHangzhouanidealplaceforQuarroztostartabusinessinChina?

A.Quarrozobtainedmanychancestocooperatewithstate-ownedcompanies,

B.Hangzhoufeaturesanewly-builtteaindustryandhasabundantteaprojects.

C.Hangzhouorganizesmanyworkshopstointroducedifferentteastothepublic.

D.Quarrozcanreceivemuchhelpandsupportfromthegovernmentandagencies.

4.Whattypeofwritingisthepassage?

A.Abiography.B.Anewsstory.

C.Atraveljournal.D.Anadvertisement.

B

Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.—RalphWaldoEmerson

Beingenthusiasticaboutsomethingmeansbeingexcitedaboutagivenproject.Enthusiasm

involveshavingastronginterestinthetaskathand.Ifyoudecidedtolearnanew

language,whichisnoteasyanyhow,youwouldhavetodedicateyourselfwholeheartedlytothe

cause.Anythinglesswouldresultinfailure.

Whatisrealenthusiasm?Inyourpursuingsuccess,enthusiasmmeansthatyoubelievedeeply

inwhatthecompanyisdoing.Youalsobelievethatyourjobisimportantandcontributestothe

cause.ltmeansthatyou'rewillingtomakeeveryefforttoachievethecompany'sgoals.Real

enthusiasmiswhenyouleapoutofbedinthemorningandattackyourdaywithmuch

enthusiasmandenergy.Youhavegreatenthusiasmfortheworkyoudoandthepeopleyou

workwith.Thispushesyoutoimproveandbecomeabetterperson.Enthusiasmmeansthatyou

arestimulatedbyyourwork,andareabletofindnewchallengesandkeepgrowing

professionally.

Furthermore,mostjobshavesomeelementsthatarelessfunandmoredifficulttocarryout.This

iswherepassionreallycomesintoplay.Passionhelpsyougetahead.Enthusiasmaboutajobor

projectusuallytranslatesintopositiveenergy.Thatis,ifyouareexcitedaboutaproject,youwill

beanxioustogetstartedandgetresults.Themerefactoflookingforwardtoyourworkwill

helpmakeyoumoreproductiveandeffective.Youwillplanmoreeffectivelyandpaycareful

attentiontodetail.Youwillcarryoutyourplanmorecarefullyandaimforthebestresults

第2頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

possible.

Increaseyourenthusiasm.Mostmenaren'tbomgreattheybecomegreat.Similaiiy,not

everyoneistheenthusiastictypethatfallsinlovewiththeirwork.However,donot

despair.Therearewaystobecomemorepassionate.

5.What'sthepurposeofquotingEmerson'ssayingatthebeginningofthepassage?

A.Tointroducethetopic.

B.Toarousereaders*enthusiasm.

C.ToillustrateEmerson*sinfluence.

D.Tosummarizegreatpeople'senthusiasm.

6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsenthusiasm?

A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

7.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Benefitsofenthusiasm.

B.Significanceofenthusiasm.

C.Goodwaystoboostpassion.

D.Successstoriesofpassionatepeople.

c

Dolphinsaremuchmoreintelligentthanhumanspreviouslythought.Scientistshaverecently

discoveredthatbottle-noseddolphinscanrecognisethemselvesinthemirror一muchlikeyou

andIcan!

Whenyouseeaspotonyourface,whatdoyoudo?GotothemiiTortimeandagain,and

wonderwhatitisstilldoingthere.Well,thisisexactlywhattwomalebottle-nosed

dolphins,PresleyandTab,doaswell.So,theselovableaquaticanimalsarenotjustsailors'

friends,buttheyarealsoawareoftheirbodies一almostlikehumans!

AReutersnewsagencyreportinTheTelegraphsaysthatPresleyandTabstayinapoolwith

reflectiveglasswallsintheNewYorkAquarium.ResearchersintheWildlifeConservation

Society*sOsbornLaboratoriesofMarineSciencenoticedthatwhenPresleyandTabsawtheir

ownreflections,theydidnotseemtothinkthattheywerelookingatanotherdolphin.

Dolphinsareverysocialcreatures,andarefriendlywithhumansaswellastheirownkind.This

gottheresearchersthinking.Perhapsthedolphinsrecognisedtheirownimages?Sothey

decidedtofindout.Usingnon-toxicink,theymademarksondifferentpartsofthedolphins9

bodies,changingtheplaceeveryweek.Everytimetheirbodiesweremarked,thedolphinsmade

moretripstothemirrorthanusual.Iftheinkmarkswereontheirtummies（肚子）,theywould

exposetheirtummiestothemirrorandlookatthemforalongtime.

Nowdoesn'tthatsoundfamiliar?Imaginethedolphinswondering—"Nowwheredidthat

markcomefrom?Iwonderhowlongit'sgoingtostay?”

Tillnow,onlythegreatapeslikethechimps,thegorillasandtheorangutanshavedisplayedthis

qualityofrecognisingtheirimagesinthemirror.Allotheranimalshavefailedthistest.

Theresearchersfeelthatthesefindingsmayincreasehumansensitivitytowards

dolphins,whicharebeinghuntedandslaughteredingreatnumbers.Dolphinfins（鰭）are

consideredasdelicaciesinseveralSouth-EastAsiancountries.

8.WhichbehaviourdoesNOTshowdolphinsrecognisetheirownimagesintheexperiment?

A.Exposingtheirmarkedpartstothemirror.

B.Makingmoretripstothemirrorthanusual.

C.Lookingatthemselvesinthemirrorforalongtime.

D.Wonderingaboutthereasonsforthemarksontheirbodies.

9.Theexampleofgreatapesisusedtoindicatethat.

A.dolphinsareasintelligentasgreatapesinaway

B.dolphinsareasgoodatsocializingasgreatapes

C.animalstendtobeawareoftheirbodiesintheminor

D.animalscanbetrainedtorecognizetheirimagesinthemirror

10.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.DolphinsintheMirror.

B.AnimalIntelligenceintheMirror.

C.ScientificAssumptionofDolphins.

D.HumanSensitivityTowardsDolphins.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）

Thereisalong-standingargumentinscientificcirclesoverhowtoclassifyviruses.TheyYe

alivebecausetheymultiply,havegenesandevolve.YettheyArenotaliveastheydon'thavecells

andcan'tsurviveontheirownViruseshaveonemission：tofindahostanduseitto

reproduce,eventuallycausingthehost'scellstoburstanddie.（1）Fortunately,asweknowa

greatdealabouthowvirusesdotheirdamage,weknowhowtoavoidthem.Thesefactsarea

第4頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

goodplacetostart.

Youcangetsomevirusesmorethanonce.

There'sapopularmyththatonceyou'vehadavims,you'renotlikelytobeaffectedagain.That?

snotalwaysthecase,saysKathleenDass,anallergistandimmunologist.Whenyougeta

virus,yourbodybuildsupantibodies(抗體)tofightit.Thoseantibodiesstayinyour

system,helpingyouavoidfixtureinfections.(2)Howevennoteveryonemakesenough

antibodiesandtheymaywearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedmoreshotsofsome

vaccines.Inaddition,virusescanchange,makingyourantibodiesineffectiveagainstanewkind.

Youcanbeinfectiouswithoutevershowingsymptoms.

Someviruses,includingCOVID-19andAIDS,canbespreadviaasymptomaticpeople(they

neverhavesignsoftheillness)andpresymptomaticpeople(theydon'thavesymptomsyet),

accordingtotheCenterfbrDiseaseControlandPrevention.Somepeoplemaybesuper

spreaders,infectingdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.⑶

Youcanbechargedforknowinglyspreadingsomeviruses.

(4)Butpleasestayhomewhenyoufeelillbecauseyoucouldbechargedifyouwereto

knowinglyinfectsomeonewithanincurablevirus,suchasHIVorherpes.Forinstance,the

singerUsherhasbeenchargedbyhispartnersfbrnotmentioninghisherpes.Similarly,theactor

CharlieSheenhasbeenchargedtwiceforexposingwomentoHIVwithouttellingthem.

Don'taskforantibioticsfbryourviralinfection.

Antibiotics(抗生素)killbacteria,buttheydon'tworkonvirusesatall.(5)Infact,researchers

foundthatsomanypeopleareconvincedthatantibioticswillhelptheirviralsymptomsthatup

toonethirdofallantibioticprescriptions(處方)areunnecessary.

A.Thisisalsohowvaccineswork.

B.Manypeopledoubtifantibioticsareacure-for-all.

C.That'swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansalwayscauseillness.

D.Itisnotawisechoicetohangoutifyouknowyou'reinfected.

E.Sotakemeasurestopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon'tfeelsick.

F.Stillmanydoctorsreportfeelingpressuredbypatientswhoinsistonthemdespiteaviral

infection.

G.Ifsunlikelythatanyonewilltakeyoutocourtforpassingonthevirusestopeoplearoundthe

office.

11.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

12.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

13.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

14.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

15.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalof

earninganursingdegree.Thatwillpower(16)fruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityof

Wisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethe(17)inherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

Mauergrewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthe

farm,andhermother(18)thefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jennifer(19)alocaltechnical

college,workingtopayher(20),becausetherewasnoextramoney⑵)fbracollege

education.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrothers(22)theirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobackto(23)to

advancehercareerandtobeableto(24)supportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves：

(25).ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield

(26)shewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegree(27)tohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbe

homeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreat(28)fromherfamilyasshe

workedtoearnherdegree：Herhusbandworkedtwojobsto(29)thebills,andher68-year-old

motherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingood(30)standingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifer

sacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsand(31)importanteventsto

study."Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmy(32)andstudyingfor

examsorpapers,"shesays.(33)herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlesson(34)theirmother

earnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateanda(n)(35)toherfamily一andthat's

prettypowerful.

第6頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

16.A.boreB.spoiltC.promotedD.replaced

17.A.lastB.bestC.firstD.least

18.A.updatedB.purchasedC.suppliedD.ran

19.A.struckB.attendedC.supportedD.abandoned

20.A.fareB.tuitionC.debtD.bill

21.A.setdownB.setupC.setasideD.setout

22.A.payforB.paybackC.payoffD.payout

23.A.workB.dormitoryC.branchD.college

24.A.betterB.lessC.justD.never

25.A.engineeringB.teachingC.nursingD.farming

26.A.thatB.becauseC.althoughD.but

27.A.contraryB.accessibleC.attachedD.close

28.A.applicationB.solutionC.supportD.complaint

29.A.coverB.raiseC.obtainD.preserve

30.A.responsibleB.pleasantC.comfortableD.academic

31.A.presentingB.confirmingC.missingD.recognizing

32.A.kidsB.healthC.goalD.career

33.A.StillB.HoweverC.AlsoD.So

34.A.provingB.remarkingC.sharingD.witnessing

35.A.inspirationB.indicationC.resolutionD.reflection

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Manyanimalsusecamouflage(保護(hù)色)tomakethemharder⑴(see).Hunterssuch

asleopardsdothissothattheanimalstheywanttoeatdon'tseethemandrunaway.Prey

animalssuchasdeerusecamouflagetoavoid(2)(eat).

WillAllenattheUniversityofBristolisenthusiasticaboutwhyanimalssuchascatshave

differentpatterns.Forexample,whyarealeopard'sspotsdifferentfrom(3)ofacheetah

(獵豹)？In(4)attempttofindoutthereasons,hedecidedtouseamathematical

techniquecalled''reaction-diffusion*'.Healsotalkedtoscientistsfrommany(5)

(psychological),engineeringandcomputerscience.Inthisway,hecouldcompare

camouflagepatternswiththeanimals'behaviorsandhabitatsmuchmore⑹(accurate).

Willhasdiscoveredthatthepatterns⑺(connect)withtheenvironment.Catsthatlive

inforestswithmanytreeshavemorecomplicatedpatternsandcats(8)(spend)more

timeintreeshavemoreirregularpatlerns.Willconcludesthatcats'camouilagedependson

(9)theyliveandhowtheyhunt.Evolutionhascreatedthemostsuitablepatternforeach

particularhunter.Will'sstudiesmeanwecanpredictabigcat'shabitatandlifestyle(10)

lookingatthepatternsofitsfur.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假設(shè)你是李華，是校志愿者協(xié)會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人。你們協(xié)會(huì)準(zhǔn)備舉辦一個(gè)活動(dòng)：教樂福社

區(qū)(LefuCommunity)的老年人使用智能手機(jī)。請(qǐng)給你校交換生George發(fā)一封電

子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。內(nèi)容包括：

1.活動(dòng)目的、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；

2.教學(xué)內(nèi)容。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；郵件的開頭與結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearGeorge,

I'mLiHua,chairmanoftheVolunteerAssociationofour

school._____________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

38.SmilefortheCameraHehadbeautifulfeatures,half-Arabandhalf-African：large

almond-shapedbrowneyesandadelicatenose.Hishairwasblack,cutshortForarefugee

第8頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

（難民）,hewasingoodshapephysically,thoughdirtyandbarefoot.

Hestoodinfrontofmy___andstared."Youwillfindmyparents,"heordered."Ican't

promise/Irepliedandfocusedthecameraonhisface,"___nThenIcan'tsmile."I

snappeda___oftheboyandwrotedownhisvitalinformation：____Fotana,age10；

hisparents'names；his___."Bye,"IsaidwhenIfinishedandhewalkedawaysilently.

Untilsundown,!shotpicturesofhundredsofchildren.Wewouldposttheirpictures

whereverwecouldinthewar-affectedcountry,hopingsomeonewould___alittleface

andcometothecamptoclaimthechild.

Thenextmorning,Maigawasfirstinline.MDidyoufindmyparents?”heasked,"No,"I

said,UIjusttookyourpictureyesterday.Ihaven*tevendevelopedityet.',

"Myparentswillbelookingforme,soIneedtotakeanotherpicture,'*hesaidIloadedmy

camera."Onephotoisenough,1'1said,"We'llmakecopiesandpostthemall

over.Besides,!don'thaveenough___（膠卷）.1can'ttaketwophotosofeveryone!"He

drewclosetome.Icouldseeflecksofgreeninhiseyes.HWewon'ttellothers,"he

whispered.Hewinked.Ishookmyhead."Bye,"hesaid.

Thenextday,hecameandtiltedhishead,"Iwanttohelpyou,"hesaid,"Ican___He

tookhisplacenexttome.Maigahadbeautifulhand-writing,squareandeven.Hespoketo

eachchildwithauthorityashewrotedowntheirinfbrmation.Aseachchildleft,Maigasaid,

"Bye.n

Onedayhundredsofpeoplecametoourcamp.Theyheldphotosintheirhandswith___in

theirwidedarkeyes.Theystrainedtheirneckstoseethroughthecrowds.Theycalledout

names.

Alltheaidworkersgatheredtowatchasadultsandchildrenrantoeachother,cryingand

embracing.!sawfamilyafterfamilybroughttogethenandIfelt___andmovedaswell.

注意：

1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；

3.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語(yǔ)己為你寫好；

4.續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。

Paragraph1：ThenInoticedMaigastandingattheedgeofthe

group,watching._______________________________

Paragraph2：Twoweekslater,anaidworkercamewithamanwholookedjustlike

Maiga._____________________________________

第10頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

答案和解析

1~4.【答案】A、B、D、B

【解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段In2017,hemovedtoHangzhou,capitalofEast

China*sZhejiangprovinceandamajortea-productionbase,toexplorethepossibilitiesof

applyingWesternconceptsindesigningobjectsforChinesetea.（2017年，他搬到了中國(guó)東

部浙江省省會(huì)杭州，一個(gè)重要的茶葉生產(chǎn)基地，探索在中國(guó)茶葉設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象中應(yīng)用西方概

念的可能性）以及第四段Quarrozbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainfusertomake

brewingeasierforforeigners.It'saglasscontainerwithasiliconelid.Allusersneedtodoisto

puttheleavesinside,placeitinacupandaddhotwater.（Quarroz開始專注于設(shè)11—種茶葉

注射器，讓外國(guó)人更容易沖泡。這是一個(gè)帶硅膠蓋的玻璃容器。使用者所需要做的就是

把茶葉放進(jìn)去，把它放在杯子里，然后加熱水）可知，Quarroz的新產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用了西方概

念，使得泡茶對(duì)外國(guó)人而言更容易，并可以提供有趣的泡茶經(jīng)歷，并沒有提及這一產(chǎn)品

是手工制作的。故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）B.代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段Quarrozbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainfuser

tomakebrewingeasierforforeigners.It'saglasscontainerwithasiliconelid.Allusersneedto

doistoputtheleavesinside,placeinacupandaddhotwater.（Quarroz開始專注于設(shè)

計(jì)一種茶葉注射器，讓外國(guó)人更容易沖泡。這是一個(gè)帶硅膠蓋的玻璃容器。使用者所需

要做的就是把茶葉放進(jìn)去，把—放在杯子里，然后加熱水）可知，使用者需要將茶葉

放在注射器里，然后將其放在杯子里加熱水沖泡，所以it指代的是注射器。A.container

容器；B.infuser注射器；C.lid蓋子;D.leaf葉子。故選B項(xiàng)。

（3）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)最后一段"Ingeneral,itiseasytostartabusinessinHangzhou.And

thegovernmentandagenciesareincreasingeffortstohelpandsupportyoung

entrepreneurs,includingusfromforeigncountries,11headds.（他補(bǔ)充道：”總的來說,在杭

州創(chuàng)業(yè)很容易。政府和機(jī)構(gòu)正在加大力度，幫助和支持年輕企業(yè)家，包括我們這些外國(guó)

企業(yè)家?？芍贾莩蔀镼uarroz在中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地是由于Quarroz可以從政府

和機(jī)構(gòu)那里得到很多幫助和支持。故選D項(xiàng)。

（4）B.文章類型題。根據(jù)第一段SwissdesignerDidierRudolfQuarroz*sloveofChinesetea

culturehasinspiredhimtodesigninnovativenewitemstobrewthetea.（瑞士設(shè)計(jì)師Didier

RudolfQuarroz對(duì)中國(guó)茶文化的熱愛激發(fā)了他設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新茶具的靈感）以及文章內(nèi)容可知，

本文主要報(bào)道了熱愛中國(guó)茶的Quarroz設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)明出易于使用的現(xiàn)代泡茶工具的故事，所

以文章是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B項(xiàng)。

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了熱愛中國(guó)茶的Quarroz設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)明出易于使用的現(xiàn)代泡

茶工具的故事。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作

者觀點(diǎn)。

5~7.【答案】A、C、C

【解析】（1）A.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

（沒有熱情，就不會(huì)有偉大的成就。）結(jié)合下文介紹了什么是真正的熱情，以及人們提

高熱情的作用推知，文章開頭引用愛默生的話是為了引入文章主題，介紹熱情。故選A

項(xiàng)。

（2）C.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段Passionhelpsyougetahead.Enthusiasmaboutajobor

projectusuallytranslatesintopositiveenergy.（熱情幫助你取得成功。對(duì)工作或項(xiàng)目的熱

情通常轉(zhuǎn)化為正能量。）可知，作者認(rèn)為熱情可以幫助人取得成功，熱情可以轉(zhuǎn)化為正

能量。由此推知，作者對(duì)于熱情的態(tài)度是積極的。A.Objeclive客觀的；B.Negative消極

的；C.Positive積極的；D.Indifferent冷漠的。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段However,donotdespair.Therearewaystobecomemore

passionate.（然而，不要喪失信心。有很多方法可以讓你變得更有熱情。）可推知，接

下來的段落可能會(huì)介紹讓你變得更有熱情的方法，即激發(fā)熱情的方法。故選C項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了什么是真正的熱情，以及人們提高熱情的作用。

做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。

8~10.【答案】D、A、A

【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Everytimetheirbodiesweremarked,thedolphins

mademoretripstothemirrorthanusual.Iftheinkmarkswereontheirtummies,theywould

exposetheirtummiestothemirrorandlookatthemforalongtime.（每次海豚的身體被標(biāo)

記時(shí)、它們都會(huì)比平時(shí)更多地去看鏡子。如果墨跡印在它們的肚子上，它們會(huì)把肚子暴

露在鏡子前看很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）以及第五段Imaginethedolphinswondering—"Nowwheredidthat

markcomefrom?Iwonderhowlongit'sgoingtostay?（想象一下海豚在想"現(xiàn)在這個(gè)標(biāo)

記是從哪里來的？我想知道它會(huì)呆多久？）可知，將標(biāo)記部分暴露在鏡子前、比平時(shí)更

第12頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

多地去看鏡子以及在鏡子里看著自己很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間這些行為可以表明海豚可以識(shí)別自己的

形象；然而”想知道它們身上的印記是怎么來的”是人類站在海豚的立場(chǎng)想象出來的，并

且說明海豚能識(shí)別自己的圖像的行為。故選Do

（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Tillnow,onlythegreatapeslikethechimps,thegorillasand

theorangutanshavedisplayedthisqualityofrecognisingtheirimagesinthemirror.（至!]H前

為止，只有像黑猩猩、大猩猩和紅毛猩猩這樣的類人猿才能在鏡子中識(shí)別自己的形象）

可知，文章用類人猿的例子來說明海豚在某種程度上和類人猿一樣聰明。故選A。

（3）A.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredthatbottle-nosed

dolphinscanrecognisethemselvesinthemirror-muchlikeyouandIcan!（科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，

瓶鼻海豚可以在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己就像你和我一樣）以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了

科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，海豚可以像人類一樣在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己。由此可知，

DolphinsintheMirror"鏡子中的海豚"可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，海豚可以像人類一樣在鏡子中認(rèn)出

自己。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找

出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上

合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

11~15.【答案】C、A、E、D、F

【解析】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Viruseshaveonemission：

tofindahostanduseittoreproduce,eventuallycausingthehost'scellstoburstanddie.（病毒

只有一個(gè)任務(wù)：找到宿主并利用它繁殖，最終導(dǎo)致宿主細(xì)胞爆裂死亡。）可知，上文講

述的是病毒生存的原理，而宿主細(xì)胞爆裂死亡就會(huì)讓宿主生病。選項(xiàng)

CThat'swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansalwayscauseillness.（這就是為什么感染人類的病

毒總是引起疾病的原因。）符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

（2）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文

There'sapopularmyththatonceyou'vehadavims,you'renotlikelytobeaffectedagain.That?

snotalwaysthecase,saysKathleenDass,anallergistandimmunologist.Whenyougetavirus,

yourbodybuildsupantibodies（抗體）

tofightit.Thoseantibodiesstayinyoursystem,helpingyouavoidfixtureinfections.（有一種

流行的說法是，一旦你感染了病毒，你就不太可能再受影響。過敏?？漆t(yī)生、免疫學(xué)家

KathleenDass說,情況并非總是如此。當(dāng)你感染病毒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗體來對(duì)抗它。

這些抗體會(huì)留在你的體內(nèi)，幫助你避免未來的感染。）可知，這種情況與疫苗的原理一

致。選項(xiàng)A"Thisisalsohowvaccineswork.（這也是疫苗的工作原理。）“符合語(yǔ)境。故

選Ao

（3）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Someviruses,includingCOVID-19andAIDS,

canbespreadviaasymptomaticpeople（theyneverhavesignsoftheillness）andpresympt

omaticpeople（theydon'thavesymptomsyet）,

accordingtotheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Somepeoplemaybesuperspread

ers,infectingdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit（美國(guó)疾病控制和

預(yù)防中心表示，包括COVID-19和艾滋病在內(nèi)的一些病毒可以通過無癥狀人群（他們

從未出現(xiàn)疾病癥狀）和癥狀前人群（他們還沒有癥狀）傳播。有些人可能是超級(jí)傳播者，

在沒有意識(shí)到的情況下感染了幾十到數(shù)百人。）可知，有時(shí)候你可能沒有任何癥狀或者

就沒有生病也要注意防范，以阻止病毒的傳播。選項(xiàng)

E"Sotakemeasurestopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon'tfeelsick.（所以即使你

不覺得不舒服，也要采取措施防止病毒傳播。）”是對(duì)此類人群的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故

選E。

（4）G.主旨大意題。根據(jù)下文

Butpleasestayhomewhenyoufeelillbecauseyoucouldbechargedifyouweretoknowing!

yinfectsomeonewithanincurablevirus,suchasHIVorherpes.（當(dāng)你感到不舒服的時(shí)候，

請(qǐng)呆在家里，因?yàn)槿绻闶枪室飧腥窘o其他人一種無法治愈的病毒，如艾滋病毒或皰疹,

那么你可能會(huì)被指控。）可知，下文指的是故意傳播病毒會(huì)被起訴。通過“but”可知，上

文內(nèi)容與之存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)

G"It'sunlikelythatanyonewilltakeyoutocourtforpassingonthevirusestopeoplearoundt

heoffice.（不太可能有人因?yàn)槟惆巡《緜魅窘o辦公室里的人而把你告上法庭。）"與下

文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

（5）F.推理判斷題。通過上文Antibiotics（抗生素）

killbacteria,buttheydon'tworkonvirusesatall.（抗生素能殺死細(xì)菌，但對(duì)病毒根本不起

作用。）可知，抗生素對(duì)病毒不起作用。而下文

InInfact,researchersfoundthatsomanypeopleareconvincedthatantibioticswillhelptheir

viralsymptomsthatuptoonethirdofallantibioticprescriptions（處方）areunnecessary.（事

實(shí)上，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多人相信抗生素會(huì)緩解他們的病毒癥狀，以至于有三分之一的

抗生素處方是不必要的。）則告訴我們，很多人還是選擇用抗生素治療病毒。選項(xiàng)

F"Stillmanydoctorsreportfeelingpressuredbypatientswhoinsistonthemdespiteaviralin

第14頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)

fection.(仍然有許多醫(yī)生報(bào)告說，盡管有病毒感染，病人仍然堅(jiān)持使用藥物，這讓他們

感到有壓力。)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于病毒的一些知識(shí)。

“七選五”選擇題，主要目的在于考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義

的理解和掌握。解題時(shí)最主要的兩個(gè)步驟就是1.理清文章的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，2.在所給

的原文中找出關(guān)鍵詞或者說是線索詞。文章的整體思路能幫助你在答案中篩選出符合邏

輯的選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞則能幫助你確定更多的細(xì)節(jié)，排除相近的選。得出正確的答案。

16~35.【答案】A、C、D、B、B、C、A、D、A、C、B、D、C、A、D、C、A、B、D、A

【解析】(1)A考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.bore結(jié)果實(shí)；B.spoilt破壞；C.promoted促進(jìn);

D.replaced更換。根據(jù)下文"JennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireand

becamethe___(2)___inherlargefamilytoearn