備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ)之新試題搶先練專(zhuān)題：閱讀理解說(shuō)明文(附答案及解析)

閱讀理解說(shuō)明文【都選 C】備戰(zhàn) 2020年高考英語(yǔ)之新試題搶先練練母題，選對(duì) C（建議用時(shí) 15分鐘）A（2019?全國(guó)I卷，C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測(cè)量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword “touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.B（2019?全國(guó)II卷，C）Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinktheysolution（解決方案）. “Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodjuosittlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it‘I’’svegottoproducethisproducatndthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it'snotaverynicethingattime.It ’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct. ”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影響）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon ’tteach. ”AndthataGordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.Theyleadtoairpollution.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.TolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducationWhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct. B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules. D.Gradetheirhomework.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.C（2019?北京I卷，C）Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.A.Theyfedthem.C.Theytrainedthem. D.Theymeasuredthem.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle. B. Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos. D. Bymixingtwodrinks.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition. B. Theycouldunderstand simplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D. Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science.練模擬，選對(duì)C（建議用時(shí)15分鐘）A（四川省天府名校 2019-2020學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)）Movingflighttimesfromnighttodaycouldreduceairtravel'scontributionstoglobalwarming,anewstudysuggests.Schedulingmore（laytimeflightsmayreducetheinfluenceofcontrails thevisiblelinesofwhitesteamthatmanyplanesleavebehindtheminthesky.Theroleofcontrailsinclimatechangeisstillbeingstudied,butsomescientistsbelievetheycontributetothegreenhouseeffectbytrappingheatintheatmosphere.NicolaStuber,firstauthorofthestudy,suggeststhatcontrails'overallimpactonclimatechangeisalmostasbigasthatofaircraft?scarbondioxideemissions（8卜放）overahundred-yearperiod.Aircraftarebelievedtoberesponsiblefor2-3%ofhumancarbondioxideemissions.Likeotherhigh,thinclouds,contrailsreflectsunlightbackintospaceandcooltheplanet.However,theyalsotrapenergyintheatmosphereandincreasethewarmingeffect.Stuberandotherscientistsbelievethattheeffectofthecontrailsisbig."Onaverage,thegreen-houseeffectcontrolstheeffectsofcontrails,saidStuber,ameteorologistatEngland'sUniversityofReading."Thewarmingeffectisfargreaterforcontrailsleftbynightflights,"Stuberadded."Thecoolingeffectonlyhappens（luringthedaywhenthesunisup.Duringthenightthegreenhousewarmingisnolongerbalancedandthatiswhythecontributionofnight-flightissolarge.Mostcommercialairlinetrafficoccursduringdaylighthours.Forexample,onlyoneinfourUnitedKingdomflightsisanightflight,butthoseflightscreatesome60%ofthewarmingcreatedbycontrails,thestudyreports.Howdocontrailsincreasethegreenhouseeffect?Theygiveoffheat.Theyabsorbdaylight.Theytrapheatintheatmosphere.Theyreflectsunlightbackintospace.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph3referto?A.carbondioxideemissions B.contrailsC.flights D.thincloudsWhatdidStuberexplainaboutthecontrailsinParagraph4?A.Whattheirfunctionis. B.Howtheycool the Earth.C.Whytheycreatebigwarmingatnight. D.Howbigtheireffectis.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AirlinesShouldScheduleFlightsNightFlightsFaceaNewChallengeAirplaneContributesMosttoGlobalWarmingMoreDayFlightsMayReduceGlobalWarmingB（四省名校2019-2020學(xué)年高三第一次大聯(lián)考）Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthis,correlation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Anditsworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.causedtheother.AnditForgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren’tfoundgutiyl.GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（時(shí)髦的）.However,thathasn’tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.Shift. B.Link. C.Proof. D.Consequence.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.Becauseitcanhighlightclients ’qualities.Becauseitcanprovetheclients ’innocence.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Mixed D.Indifferent.C（河北省承德第一中學(xué) 2019-2020學(xué)年高三10月月考）ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The“winner,if”therewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.“Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,s”aysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Even咖颯）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It ’sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines. ”Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere ’sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthtable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause .theydidnothaveanyhumanguidancetheroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversthedistancewastoolongforthevehiclestheprizemoneywasunattractivetothedriversDARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto .raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclespushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustrytrainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertimprovethevehiclesforfuturewarsFromthepassageweknow“roboticvehicles”areakindofmachinesthat .candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcancantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitcanshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedowncanmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeingsInthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo .foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesforalittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableforaroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveforalittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface閱讀理解說(shuō)明文【都選C】備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ)之新試題搶先練練母題，選對(duì) C（建議用時(shí) 15分鐘）A（2019?全國(guó)I卷，C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測(cè)量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword “touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?Computersaremucheasiertooperate.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【C位分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來(lái)越普遍，目前，向指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新白^科技一一智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給e-space用戶帶來(lái)安全，而且這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也不貴。28.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的 Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知，研究者們開(kāi)發(fā)智能鍵盤(pán)是為了降低 e-space保護(hù)的成本。故選D。29.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的 Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople 's5identite的每個(gè)人的打字方式不同，使智Co能鍵盤(pán)能夠識(shí)別人的身份。故選Co30.B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，研究者們希望智能鍵盤(pán)能早日面世。故選B。31.D【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技一一智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給 e-space用戶帶來(lái)安全，由此可知，本文是關(guān)于科技，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，本文可能來(lái)自于一本雜志。故選D。B（2019?全國(guó)II卷，C）Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It ’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkiButnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinktheysolution（解決方案）. “Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.snog“raTdehderheoimework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it‘I’’svegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it'notaverynicethingattime.It ’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct. ”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影響）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon ’tteach. ”AndthataGordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.A.Theyarehardtogetridof.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.Theyleadtoairpollution.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.D.TolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducationWhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.GuideprojectdesignsA.Checktheirproduct.Adjustworkschedules. D.Gradetheirhomework.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.【C位分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了 HUNCH項(xiàng)目就是通過(guò)Gordon的學(xué)生找到如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一技術(shù)，把空間技術(shù)與帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，從而最終影響到大學(xué)入學(xué)。32.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，細(xì)菌對(duì)宇航員來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)令人討厭的問(wèn)題。這種來(lái)自我們身體的微生物在國(guó)際空間站的表面不受控制地生長(zhǎng)，宇航員每周要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)清理它們。也就是說(shuō)它們很難去掉。其中的"themicroorganisms"包括"bacteria”。由此可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。33.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的 “HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,...”可知，Hunch旨在把高中教室和 NASA的工程師聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 Gordon的學(xué)生一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細(xì)菌，…“。結(jié)合最后一段中的"GordonstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,...”可知，學(xué)生每天都給NASA的工程師發(fā)郵件一起探討（如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一空間技術(shù)）這個(gè)問(wèn)題。由此可推斷出HUNCHprogram的目的把空間技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合。 分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。34.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA,”"Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...It'snotaverynicethingattimes.It;sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA的工程師要檢查學(xué)生所做的產(chǎn)品。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選Ao35.B主旨大意題。文章以國(guó)際空間站里的微生物很難清除開(kāi)頭，引出宇航員們解決此問(wèn)題的途徑——借助美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此計(jì)劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來(lái)。在這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃里，學(xué)生們通過(guò)homework（制作供美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品）探索無(wú)疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功課疆域”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。C（2019?北京I卷，C）Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem. B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem. D.Theymeasuredthem.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.A.Bydrawingacircle.C.Bywatchingvideos. D.Bymixingtwodrinks.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition. B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science.【C位分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：猴子可以進(jìn)行基本的加法運(yùn)算。文章對(duì)研究的經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)論做了介紹和分析。32.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys…Theresearchesthentestedhow-"可知，在對(duì)這些猴子進(jìn)行測(cè)試之前，研究者們對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。33.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreen---Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreen,theywouldberewardedwithsevendrops???;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwith…”可知，當(dāng)猴子觸摸屏幕左邊時(shí)，它們會(huì)得到 7滴水或者果汁的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；當(dāng)它們觸摸屏幕的另一端（即畫(huà)著圓圈的部分）時(shí)，它們會(huì)得到 17滴水或果汁的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。由此可知，猴子是通過(guò)觸摸屏幕得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。 B選項(xiàng)正確。34.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination”和第五段中的“Whenaddingtwonumbers…”可知，猴子會(huì)在超過(guò)一半的時(shí)間內(nèi)選擇更高的值，這意味著它們?cè)谶M(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記住每一個(gè)組合的值。由此可知， A選項(xiàng)正確：猴子能夠進(jìn)行基本的加法計(jì)算。由此亦可以排除 C選項(xiàng)。35.D【解析】推理判斷題。通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家 MargaretLivingstone領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故 D選項(xiàng)正確。練新題，選對(duì)C（建議用時(shí)15分鐘）A （四川省天府名校 2019-2020學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)）Movingflighttimesfromnighttodaycouldreduceairtravel'scontributionstoglobalwarming,anewstudysuggests.Schedulingmore（laytimeflightsmayreducetheinfluenceofcontrails thevisiblelinesofwhitesteamthatmanyplanesleavebehindtheminthesky.Theroleofcontrailsinclimatechangeisstillbeingstudied,butsomescientistsbelievetheycontributetothegreenhouseeffectbytrappingheatintheatmosphere.NicolaStuber,firstauthorofthestudy,suggeststhatcontrails'overallimpactonclimatechangeisalmostasbigasthatofaircraft?scarbondioxideemissions（NE放）overahundred-yearperiod. Aircraftarebelievedtoberesponsiblefor2-3%ofhumancarbondioxideemissions.Likeotherhigh,thinclouds,contrailsreflectsunlightbackintospaceandcooltheplanet.However,theyalsotrapenergyintheatmosphereandincreasethewarmingeffect.Stuberandotherscientistsbelievethattheeffectofthecontrailsisbig."Onaverage,thegreen-houseeffectcontrolstheeffectsofcontrails,saidStuber,ameteorologistatEngland'sUniversityofReading."Thewarmingeffectisfargreaterforcontrailsleftbynightflights,"Stuberadded."Thecoolingeffectonlyhappens（luringthedaywhenthesunisup.Duringthenightthegreenhousewarmingisnolongerbalancedandthatiswhythecontributionofnight-flightissolarge."Mostcommercialairlinetrafficoccursduringdaylighthours.Forexample,onlyoneinfourUnitedKingdomflightsisanightflight,butthoseflightscreatesome60%ofthewarmingcreatedbycontrails,thestud