大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題24套及答案

目錄

1.2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）1

2.2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）9

3.2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）17

4.2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）23

5.2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）31

6.2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）39

7.2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）45

8.2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）53

9.2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）61

10.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）67

11.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）75

12.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）83

13.2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）89

14.2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）97

15.2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）105

16.2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）111

17.2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）119

18.2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）127

19.2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）133

20.2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）141

21.2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）149

22.2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）155

23.2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第2套）164

24.2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）173

2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）180

2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）185

2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）190

2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）191

2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）196

2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）201

2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）202

2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）207

2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）212

2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）213

2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）218

2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）223

1

2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）224

2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）229

2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）234

2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）235

2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）240

2018年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）245

2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）246

2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）251

2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）256

2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第1套）257

2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第2套）262

2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題聽(tīng)力原文及參考答案（第3套）268

2

1.2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第1套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyour

friendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180

words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwo

orthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.

B)Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.

C)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.

D)Howcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits.

2.A)Itisnoteasytoimproveone'ssleephabits.

B)Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames.

C)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.

D)Studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminations.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Whetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities

B)WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.

C)WhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterservice.

D)WhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon.

4.A)Poorownershipstructure.C)Lackofinnovationandcompetition.

B)Inefficientmanagement.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Studytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokers.

B)Setalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettes.

C)Takestepstoreducenicotineintheirproducts.

D)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.

6.A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.

B)Brandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmorepopular.

C)Tobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.

D)Bigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking.

7.A)Theywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts.

B)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.

C)Theypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentincigarettes.

D)Theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofnicotine.

1

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwill

hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,

youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Holland.B)Indonesia.

C)England.D)Sweden.

9.A)TalkingwithherboyfriendinDutch.B)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp.

C)Acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize.D)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.

10.A)Practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible.B)Listeningtolanguageprogramsontheradio.

C)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.D)Makingfriendswithnativespeakers.

11.A)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.B)Ittrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilities.

C)Itoffersvariouscourseswithcreditpoints.D)Itcreatesanenvironmentforsocializing.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Asenseoffreedomdrivinggives.C)Therolepolicemenplayintrafficsafety.

B)Rulesandregulationsfordriving.D)Theimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety.

13.A)Makecarswithautomaticcontrol.C)Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.

B)Makecarswithhigherstandards.D)Makecarsthathavebetterbrakes.

14.A)Theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely.C)Theyliketogoathighspeed.

B)Theykeepwithinspeedlimits.D)Theytendtodriveresponsibly.

15.A)Itisabadidea.C)Itisnotuseful.

B)Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps.D)Itshouldbecombinedwitheducation.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfour

questions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoose

thebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Thecardgotdamaged.C)Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly.

B)Thecardwasfoundinvalid.D)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.

17.A)ByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifone.

B)Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.

C)Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation.

D)Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister.

18.A)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.

B)Givebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventions.

C)ChangethelifestyleofmanyAmericans.

D)Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

2

19.A)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.C)Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.

B)Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.D)Theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool.

20.A)Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.C)Byvisitingtheuniversity'swebsite.

B)ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation.D)Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.

21.A)Theyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduates.

B)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.

C)Theyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingcommittee.

D)Theyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Ph.D.candidatesindieting.C)Studentsinhealthclasses.

B)Studentsmajoringinnutrition.D)Middleandhighschoolteachers.

23.A)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.C)Itsmistakenconceptionofnutrition.

B)Itschangingcriteriaforbeauty.D)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.

24.A)Todemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomen.

B)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.

C)Toprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourculture.

D)Toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep.

25.A)Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabits.

B)Toestablishanemotionalconnectionwithstudents.

C)Topromoteherownconceptofbeauty.

D)Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor

eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebank

morethanonce.

Signsbarringcell-phoneuseareafamiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.But

the26popularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome27on

computersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombedsides—are28givingwayto

wirelessdevices.

Asclericalloadsincreased,"somethinghadto29,andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,"saysDr.

BhaktiPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,she

helped30apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.The

experimentwasso31thatallinternal-medicineresidentsattheuniversitynowgetiPadswhentheybeginthe

program.JohnsHopkins'internal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame32in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleand

Stanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums."YoullwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis"istheslogan

foroneofthenewlabcoats33withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.

AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand34fasteriftheywere

caredforbyiPad-equippedresidents.Manypatientsalso35abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlanded

theminthehospitalinthefirstplace.

3

A)dependentF)giveK)rather

B)designedG)growingL)reliable

C)fastH)launchM)signal

D)flyingI)policyN)successful

E)gainedJ)prospectO)treatments

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatement

containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby

markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

AncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLife

A)Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertainties

fromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,

accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRulesAncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.

Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomics

professorPanosMourdoukoutas.

B)ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysit

isasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago,"Thereisnoexpiration(失效)dateon

wisdom,"hesays."Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.1thinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomythesedays,

lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(詭辯).Thenice

thingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythat

wetendnottoseelifetoday.'1

Examineyourlife

C)Soupios,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothe

menbehindthatphilosophy—Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule—

examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato's

observationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."TheGreeksarealwaysconcernedaboutboxing

themselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念)Jhesays.uSotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotand

actuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships."

Stopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrol

D)Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRuleNo.2:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyou

cancontrol."TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopher.HisnameisEpictetus/hesays.nAnd

whattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis:Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeableto

understandallofthedimensionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan.'*

E)So,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworrying

aboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol.HIcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,

forexample,"hesays."Imean,therearesomecautiousstepsIcantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyself

that.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwastefuland

irrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinely

control.H

Seektruepleasure

F)Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle—astudentofPlatoand

teacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdon'tqualifyastruefriendships."JustbecauseIhavea

4

businessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthis

personismyfriend/'Soupiossays."Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.Itisabeautiful

anduncharacteristicallypoeticimagethatAristotleoffers/1

G)Inourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures—advicewhichwas

originallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放名從)and

luxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalease.

H)"ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans,"

Soupiossays."Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodemera.Idonotthink

thatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentina

mentalandspiritualway,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthehighestformofhappinessandpleasure.0

Dogoodtoothers

I)Othergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(發(fā)跡的)fool.

Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships:Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevil

thingstoothers.

J)"ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,HSoupiossays."Hesiod

offersanidea—whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheworld'sgreatreligions,intheJudeo-Christiantradition

andinIslamandothers--thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.That

damagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindof

self-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritualwound.'1

K)Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleNo.10foragoodlifeisthat

kindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.

L)"ThisisAesop,the(寓言家)，themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimals

andanimalrelationships,*'hesays."IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturnto

anotherhumanbeing,onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerof

thegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyourgooddeed,attheveryleast,thedoerof

thegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment."

M)Soupiossaysfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegood

lifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalife

worthliving.

36.AccordingtoanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.

37.Ancientphilosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.

38.Notallyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.

39.Wecanliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.

40.Thedoerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.

41.Howtoachievementalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.

42.MichaelSoupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.

43.Ancientphilosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.

44.ThewiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.

45.Doharmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

5

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleUnethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletend

tooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.

Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobea

cleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylast

year,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

Thefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshow

transformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow—andnoonecanget

oneyet—butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.

Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,

driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimited

mobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars.

Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedin

travel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudesaremorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedto

age.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohave

lesseducation:59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38

percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.

Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotry

driverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.

Whilethere'sreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,aperson'sagewill

havelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbecomemainstream.Oncedriverlesscarsareactuallyavailablefor

sale,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.

46.Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?

A)Itfurtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

B)Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.

C)Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.

D)Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.

47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?

A)Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.

B)Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.

C)Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.

D)Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.

48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?

A)Itsavestheirenergy.C)Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel.

B)Ithelpswiththeirmobility.D)Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.

49.Whatislikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?

A)Thelocationoftheirresidence.C)Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.

B)Thefieldoftheirspecialinterest.D)Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.

50.Whoarelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?

A)Theseniors.C)Thewealthy.

B)Theeducated.D)Thetechfans.

6

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inagrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的)，pre-industrialEurope,"you'dwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,

haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyou'dgobacktowork,"saysKenAlbala,aprofessorofhistoryat

theUniversityofthePacific.nLater,at5or6,you'dhaveasmallersupper.1'

Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshapetherhythmsofthemeals,gaveriseto

thecustomofthelargemiddaymeal,eatenwiththeextendedfamily."Mealsarethefoundationofthefamily,"says

CaroleCounihan,aprofessoratMillersvilleUniversityinPennsylvania,usotherewasaveryimportant

interconnectionbetweeneatingtogether"andstrengtheningfamilyties.

Sinceindustrialization,maintainingsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder,withthelong

middaymealshrinkingtowhatevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand.Certainly,there

werebenefits.Moderntechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includinga

tremendousincreaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable,makingusmorevigorousthan

ourancestors.

Yetplentyhasbeenlosttoo,eveninculturesthatstilllivetoeat.TakeItaly.It'snosecretthatthe

Mediterraneandietishealthy,butitwasalsoajoytoprepareandeat.Italians,saysCounihan,traditionallybegan

thedaywithasmallmeal.Thebigmealcameataround1p.m.Inbetweenthemiddaymealandalate,smaller

dinnercameasmallsnack.Today,whentimezoneshavelessandlessmeaning,thereislittletoleranceforoffices*

closingforlunch,andworseningtrafficincitiesmeansworkerscan'tmakeithomeandbackfastenoughanyway.

Sotheformerlysmallsupperaftersundownbecomesthebigmealoftheday,theonlyoneatwhichthefamilyhasa

chancetogettogether."Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomeals,nsays

Counihan.

51.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutpeopleinpre-industrialEurope?

A)Theyhadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.

B)Theyweresobusyworkingthattheyonlyatesimplemeals.

C)Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.

D)Theirlifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.

52.WhatdoesProfessorCaroleCounihansayaboutpre-industrialEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?

A)Itwashelpfultomaintaininganation'stradition.

B)Itbroughtfamilymembersclosertoeachother.

C)Itwascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.

D)Itenabledfamiliestosavealotofmoney.

53.Whatdoes,'culturalmetabolism^^(Line1,Para.3)referto?

A)Evolutionaryadap