2022-2023學(xué)年北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試卷

北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2022~2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewlesstrustingandquitted___1___anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn’tfinishhomework,Ineveraskedwhy.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe___2___IthoughtIwanted.Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme.“CouldItalktoyou?”heasked___3___.“Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’m___4___becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”Hethenlookedupatmeforthefirsttime.“It’sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.Often,theycryalot,andit’shardformeto___5___...”Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe___6___.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”Henoddedhard.Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery___7___:·Thepowercompany___8___ourlightsbecausewecouldn’tpaythebill.·Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.·Wedon’thaveanypaperinthehouse.Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare___9___.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”_____10_____betterthan“Noexcuse!”1.A.inventing B.finding C.accepting D.offering2.A.reputation B.benefit C.experience D.praise3.A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously D.eagerly4.A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak5.A.behave B.concentrate C.struggle D.compete6.A.question B.tune C.process D.thought7.A.complex B.moving C.cool D.real8A.brokedown B.putout C.cutoff D.shutout9.A.disciplined B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive10.A.works B.feels C.understands D.controls【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者作為老師，對(duì)任何沒(méi)有交作業(yè)的學(xué)生都不接受理由，但是安東尼改變了她，讓她開(kāi)始學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)學(xué)生，也意識(shí)到傾聽(tīng)比不讓孩子找借口更有效。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我變得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A.inventing發(fā)明；B.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.accepting接受；D.offering提供。根據(jù)上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故選C。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很快就獲得了我認(rèn)為我想要的聲譽(yù)。A.reputation名聲，名譽(yù)；B.benefit益處，好處；C.experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.praise表?yè)P(yáng)。根據(jù)上文“Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.”推知，學(xué)生不完成作業(yè)的情況有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老師”的聲譽(yù)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我能和你談?wù)剢?？”他害羞地?wèn)。A.loudly大聲地；B.shyly害羞地；C.curiously好奇地；D.eagerly迫切地。根據(jù)下文“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”可知，男孩常常沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)，因此和老師說(shuō)話時(shí)應(yīng)該是害羞的。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我知道你說(shuō)沒(méi)有借口，但我不想讓你認(rèn)為我很懶，因?yàn)槲医?jīng)常不帶作業(yè)來(lái)?！盇.poor貧窮的，可憐的；B.mean吝嗇的；C.lazy懶惰的；D.weak虛弱的，差的。根據(jù)“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”推知，男孩不希望作者因?yàn)樗３２蛔鲎鳂I(yè)就認(rèn)為他懶惰。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我媽媽晚上工作，所以我必須照顧我的小弟弟。他們經(jīng)?？蓿液茈y集中注意力……”A.behave舉止；B.concentrate集中注意力；C.struggle掙扎；D.compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)“Often,theycryalot”可知，弟弟們的哭聲讓男孩很難集中注意力。故選B。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我改變了問(wèn)題。A.question問(wèn)題；B.tune調(diào)子；C.process進(jìn)程，過(guò)程；D.thought想法。根據(jù)上文“Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.”和下文“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”可知，作者改變了自己原本打算問(wèn)男孩的問(wèn)題。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她們的故事不再令人發(fā)笑，所有的都非常真實(shí)。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.moving令人感動(dòng)的；C.cool酷的，涼爽的；D.real真的。呼應(yīng)上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework”可知，現(xiàn)在孩子們沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)的原因都是真實(shí)的。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲覀兏恫黄鹳~單，電力公司把我們的燈關(guān)掉了。A.brokedown出故障；B.putout熄滅；C.cutoff切斷；D.shutout把……關(guān)在門外。根據(jù)“becausewecouldn’tpaythebill.”可知，因?yàn)楦恫黄痣娰M(fèi)，所以電力公司切斷電源，即關(guān)了燈。故選C。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我發(fā)現(xiàn)并非所有的孩子都來(lái)自可以給與他們幫助的家庭。A.disciplined遵守紀(jì)律的；B.peaceful和平的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.supportive給與幫助的，支持的。根據(jù)下文“Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.”推知，并非所有的孩子都來(lái)自可以給他們的學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助的家庭。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，我學(xué)會(huì)了“我會(huì)傾聽(tīng)”比“沒(méi)有借口”更有效!A.works工作，起作用，湊效；B.feels感覺(jué)；C.understands理解；D.controls控制。根據(jù)上文講述的故事可知，作者規(guī)定學(xué)生不能為沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)找借口，后來(lái)通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)，孩子們告訴了作者真實(shí)的原因，而不再是亂編的謊話。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為“我會(huì)傾聽(tīng)”比“沒(méi)有接口”更有效。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。EdwardO.Wilson,the“modern-dayCharlesDarwin”,damagedhisrighteyewhenhe____11____(catch)afishintherivernearhishomeatseven.Thepooreyesightonlyallowedhimtoobservesmall____12____(creature)likeants.Interestedintheselflessnessofants,whichwouldsacrificethemselvesfortheircolony(群體),Wilsondevelopedatheory,____13____(confirm)theexistenceofaltruistic(利他的)behaviorinawiderangeofspecies.Itmadehiminfluentialasbothacloseobserverandapioneeringtheorist.【答案】11.caught12.creatures13.confirming【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，介紹了EdwardWilson雖然小時(shí)候右眼受損，但是這使他成為一位密切的觀察者和一位開(kāi)拓性的理論家?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：七歲時(shí)在家附近河里抓魚時(shí)，右眼受損。分析句子可知，空格處為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)部分，根據(jù)下文“atseven”可知從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填caught?！?2題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：視力差只能讓他觀察螞蟻這樣的小生物。分析句子可知，空格處為句子賓語(yǔ)，名詞creature是可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填creatures。【13題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：威爾遜對(duì)螞蟻的無(wú)私感興趣，因?yàn)槲浵仌?huì)為自己的殖民地犧牲自己，他提出了一個(gè)理論，證實(shí)了在廣泛的物種中存在利他行為。分析句子可知，空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填confirming。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Researchontherelationshipbetweengratitude(感恩)andphysicalhealthisstillexploring.Theevidenceofexistingstudies____14____(suggest)thattheremaybeaconnection.Itappearsthatmoregratefulpeoplereportsleepingbetterandfeeling____15____(healthy).Besides,gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelpkeepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking.Nowresearchersstillneedtomakeitclear____16____gratitudeissogoodforourhealth.【答案】14.suggests15.healthier16.whether##if【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了有證據(jù)表明感恩與身體健康之間可能存在關(guān)系?！?4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：現(xiàn)有研究的證據(jù)表明可能存在關(guān)聯(lián)。分析句子可知，空格處缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，句子陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“evidence”意為“證據(jù)”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故空格處應(yīng)用“suggest”的三單形式“suggests”。故填suggests?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感覺(jué)更健康。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用形容詞，作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人進(jìn)行比較，感恩的人睡得更好，感覺(jué)更健康，故空格處應(yīng)用“healthy”的比較級(jí)“healthier”。故填healthier?！?6題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：現(xiàn)在，研究人員仍然需要弄清楚感恩對(duì)我們的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子為賓語(yǔ)從句，“it”作形式賓語(yǔ)，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句，作真正的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意可知，研究人需要弄清楚的是感恩對(duì)我們的健康是否有益，應(yīng)用“whether”或“if”引導(dǎo)從句，意為“是否”。故填whether/if。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OnOctober12th,Shenzhou-14crewmembersgavealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,thecrewshowedthestudentsascienceglove-box,____17____theplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,theastronautshadreal-timeinteractionswithstudents____18____videocallsandtheyansweredstudents’questionslike“Whatkindsofplants____19____(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?”Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,“Weexpectyouguys____20____(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”【答案】17.where18.through19.willbebrought20.tobuild【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講述神舟14號(hào)機(jī)組人員給地球上的學(xué)生們上的一堂直播課?！?7題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在課堂上，工作人員向?qū)W生們展示了一個(gè)科學(xué)手套箱，在那里進(jìn)行植物實(shí)驗(yàn)?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是ascienceglove-box，從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。【18題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然后，宇航員通過(guò)視頻通話與學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)互動(dòng)，并回答學(xué)生的問(wèn)題，如“未來(lái)的太空飛行將把什么樣的植物帶到太空？”結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處填介詞through“通過(guò)”，throughvideocalls“通過(guò)視頻電話”。故填through?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意同上。空處為句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)infuturespaceflights可知此處描述將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情，且主語(yǔ)plants和bring之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填willbebrought?！?0題詳解】考查不定式。句意：在課程結(jié)束時(shí)，神舟全體人員說(shuō)：“我們希望你們將來(lái)能把我們的太空家園建得更好?！苯Y(jié)合句意表達(dá)“期待某人做某事”用expectsb.todosth.，不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填tobuild。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWithmanyChickenSoupfortheSoulbooksindevelopment,wearealwayslookingfornewtalent.Sowhetheryouarearegularcontributorornewtoourfamily,pleaseshareyourstorieswithus.Hereistherecipeforsubmission.StoryGuidelines·Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.·Thestoryshouldstart“intheaction”anddrawinthereader.Donotstartyourstorywithanintroductionaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.·Don’ttryfancymoveswithtenses.Writinginthepresenttenseaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepastrarelyworks.·Keepyourstorywithin1200words.Tighten!TipsaboutsubmittingTheonlywaytosubmityourstoriesistodoitonourwebsite.Amessage,“Thankyou!Yourinformationhasbeenreceived”,istheonlyconfirmationofyoursubmission.Thereisnoemailfromus.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasewriteto:.Therearemanytopicsineachofourbooks.Ifyouhaveastorythatyouthinkfitstwoofthetopics,youmaysubmitittoboth.Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.AfterpublicationIfyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.Afteryourstoryispublished,youwillreceivetenfreecopiesofthebookyourstoryappearsin.Youwillbeentitledtobuycasesofyourbooksathalfprice.Youwillalsoreceiveourmonthlynewsletterwithadvancenoticeofnewbooks.21.WhatkindofstoryislikelytobeacceptedbyChickenSoupfortheSoul?A.Astorywithanintroduction. B.Astoryofone’sownexperience.C.Astorywithmorethan1200words. D.Astorywritteninthepresenttense.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutstorysubmission?A.Youcansubmityourstoriesbyemail.B.Astorycanjustbesubmittedtoonetopic.C.Youcansubmitmanystoriestothesamebook.D.Anemailwillbesentforasuccessfulsubmission.23.Ifyourstoryispublished,youwill________.A.loseitsofficialownership B.obtainfuturebooksinadvanceC.getfreecasesofyourbooks D.approveofitsfuturepublication【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。一家出版商正在尋找心靈雞湯故事，文章也介紹了遞交內(nèi)容、遞交方法以及出版事宜。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“StoryGuidelines”中的第一句“Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.(講述一個(gè)發(fā)生在你或你認(rèn)識(shí)的人身上的感人故事。)”可知，關(guān)于自己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心靈雞湯》接受。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tipsaboutsubmitting”中第二段最后一句“Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.(此外，你可以為每本書提交的故事數(shù)量沒(méi)有限制。)”可知，你可以遞交許多故事給同一本書。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Afterpublication”中第一段“Ifyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.(如果您的故事被選中發(fā)表，您將被要求簽署我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)許可發(fā)布協(xié)議。這意味著你保留你的故事的所有權(quán)，但你給了我們出版它的權(quán)利，并在未來(lái)的任何書籍或我們的其他產(chǎn)品中再次使用它。)”可知，當(dāng)你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未來(lái)被出版。故選D項(xiàng)。BAsaPh.D.studentinanewcountry,lockdownandhomesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyanddesperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwasmissing,IsearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolveteamworkasavolunteerontheInternet.Apositionmatchinggraduatestudentswithjobsdrewmyattention.Itneededsomeonewhowouldleadteamsofgraduatestudentvolunteerstohelpbringinindustrypartners,andworkwiththeuniversityadministrationandstudentapplicants.Thechancestointeractwithallthesedifferentgroupswereappealing.Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstilldecidedImightaswellgoforitandapply.Thefirstfewweeksinmynewrolewerechallenging.Alongwithmyroutinestudy,Iwassuddenlymanagingateamoffourvolunteersandmeetingswithindustryprofessionals.Atfirst,Iwasnervousinmeetingswiththem,feelingIwasn’tpreparedenough.ButasIgainedexperience,theinteractionsbecametrulyenjoyableandrewarding.Sometimestheconversationswentbeyondregularbusinesstotouchoncareerpaths,personalchallenges,andmore.Ibegantoenjoythedailymixofactivities.Ialsolearnedaboutleadership.Atthestart,thingsseemedtogowelluntiloneofmyteammemberstoldmeIwasn’tincludingherfullyindecision-making.Iwasupset;didn’tshetrustmyleadership?ButafterIcalmeddown,Isawthatmaybeshehadapoint.SoIbegantoaskteammemberstoleadsomeofourmeetingsandencouragedthemtoexpresstheirviews.Thisnewapproachallowedustomeetourtargetswhilehelpingeveryonefeelmorecontentandconnected—ascolleagues,butalsoasfriends.Beyondbuildingrelationshipsandskills,thisexperienceexpandedmyhorizonsaboutmyownprofessionalfuture.BeforeIjoined,Ihadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andIassumedthatwasmyfuture.NowI’verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesofothers.AsIgetclosertocompletingmyPh.D.,I’mapproachingjobsearcheswithagoodideaofwhatIwant.24.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoapplyforthevolunteerwork?A.Therelevancetoherstudy. B.Thelongingforafamily.CThedesireforsocialcontact. D.Thepreviousworkexperience.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’svolunteerwork?A.Itdrivesherawayfromherstudy. B.Itteachesherhowtoconductbusiness.C.Itallowshertoadjustherattitudetolifeandcareer. D.Ithelpsheridentifytheprofessionalpaths.26.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthoris________.A.opentonewchallenges B.proudofacademicsuccessC.bravetoovercomeprejudice D.demandingofgroupmembers【答案】24.C25.C26.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在異國(guó)讀博生涯中，勇于挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試從未做過(guò)的工作，最終豐富了自己的閱歷，開(kāi)闊了自己的視野?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第第一句和第二句“AsaPh.D.studentinanewcountry,lockdownandhomesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyanddesperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwasmissing,IsearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolveteamworkasavolunteerontheInternet.”（在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)攻讀博士，疫情封控和思鄉(xiāng)之情使我感覺(jué)非常孤獨(dú)，迫切想要和人們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。為了找尋我缺失的聯(lián)系，我在網(wǎng)上尋找可以作為志愿者參與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的機(jī)會(huì)。）可知，疫情封控和身處異鄉(xiāng)使得作者與社會(huì)脫節(jié)，他為了重新與社會(huì)獲得聯(lián)系，他決定申請(qǐng)志愿者工作。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句第三句“BeforeIjoined,Ihadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andIassumedthatwasmyfuture.NowI’verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesofothers.”（在我加入之前，我只接觸過(guò)學(xué)術(shù)職業(yè)道路，并認(rèn)為那就是我的未來(lái)。現(xiàn)在我意識(shí)到我特別喜歡成為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員并影響他人的生活。）說(shuō)明作者做了這份工作后，對(duì)待生活和職業(yè)的態(tài)度發(fā)生很大的變化，變得更加積極，更加開(kāi)放。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstilldecidedImightaswellgoforitandapply.”（我沒(méi)有相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也擔(dān)心會(huì)干擾自己的學(xué)習(xí)，但我還是決定去試一下。）說(shuō)明作者沒(méi)有害怕未知的工作，結(jié)合第三段第一句“Ialsolearnedaboutleadership.”（我也學(xué)到了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。）說(shuō)明作者勇于嘗試新鮮事物，樂(lè)于學(xué)習(xí)，證明作者是一個(gè)勇于接受挑戰(zhàn)的人。故選A項(xiàng)。CFinlandwasknownasaratherquietcountry.Since2008,theCountryBrandDelegation(國(guó)家品牌代表團(tuán))hasbeenlookingforanationalbrandthatwouldmakesomenoisetomarketthecountryasaworld-famoustouristdestination.In2010,theDelegationissueda“CountryBrandReport,”whichhighlightedahostofmarketablethemes,includingFinland’sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrandnew:silence.Asthereportexplained,modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.“Silenceisaresource,”itsaid.Silencefirstappearedinscientificresearchasacontrolorbaseline,againstwhichscientistscomparetheeffectsofnoiseormusic.Researchershavemainlystudieditbyaccident,asphysicianLucianoBernardididinhisstudyofthephysiological(生理學(xué))effectsofmusic.“Wedidn’tthinkabouttheeffectofsilence,”hesaid.Bernardiobservedtwodozentestsubjectswhiletheylistenedtosixmusicaltracks.Hefoundthattheimpactsofmusiccouldbereaddirectlyinthebloodstream,viachangesinbloodpressure,carbondioxide,andcirculationinthebrain.“Duringalmostallsortsofmusic,therewasaphysiologicalchangewithaconditionofarousal(興奮),”heexplained.Thiseffectmadesense,giventhatactivelisteningrequiresattention.Butthemorestrikingfindingappearedbetweenmusicaltracks.Bernardiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatrandomlyaddedstretchesofsilencealsohadagreateffect,butintheoppositedirection.Infact,two-minutesilentpausesprovedfarmorerelaxingthaneither“relaxing”musicoralongersilenceplayedbeforetheexperimentstarted.TheblankpausesthatBernardihadconsideredirrelevant,inotherwords,becamethemostinterestingobjectofstudy.Silenceseemedtobeheightenedbycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetestsubjectsareleasefromcarefulattention.“Perhapsthearousalissomethingthatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeperrelaxation,”hesaid.Thisfindingisreinforcedbyneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)research.Relevantresearchshowswhenourbrainsrestquietly,theyintegrateexternalandinternalinformationinto“aconscious(意識(shí)的)workspace.”Freedomfromnoiseandgoal-directedtasks,itappears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspacetodoitsthingtodiscoverwherewefitin.NooraVikman,aconsultantonsilenceforFinland’smarketers,knowssilencewell.LivinginaremoteandquietplaceinFinland,shediscoversthoughtsandfeelingsthataren’tdetectableinherbusydailylife.“Ifyouwanttoknowyourself,youhavetobewithyourself,anddiscusswithyourself,andbeabletotalkwithyourself.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCountryBrandReportinParagraph1?A.TopresenthowFinlandviewedsilence.B.TohighlighttheneedofnoiseinFinland.C.ToexplainwhyFinlandissuedthebrands.D.ToindicatetheauthorityoftheDelegation.28.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLucianoBernardi’sdiscovery?A.Itchallengedthecalmingeffectofmusic.B.Itemphasizedtheroleofsilencebetweensounds.C.Itillustratedthelossofattentivenessaftersilence.D.Itstatedbrains’informationprocessinginthequiet.29.AsforNooraVikman’sattitudetosilence,theauthoris________.Adoubtful B.supportive C.disapproving D.unconcerned30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Silence:ALimitedResource B.Silence:AMisunderstoodToolC.Silence:TheUnexpectedPower D.Silence:TheValuebyContrasts【答案】27.A28.B29.B30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要以“安靜的狀態(tài)有著意想不到的力量”為話題，詳細(xì)講述了研究人員對(duì)其重要作用的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，且通過(guò)人們的真實(shí)感受強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜給人帶來(lái)的出人意料的好處?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，首句“Finlandwasknownasaratherquietcountry.(芬蘭是一個(gè)相當(dāng)安靜的國(guó)家。)”為該段的主旨句，由此可推知，“In2010,theDelegationissueda“CountryBrandReport,”whichhighlightedahostofmarketablethemes,includingFinland’sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrandnew:silence.(2010年，代表團(tuán)發(fā)布了一份“國(guó)家品牌報(bào)告”，其中突出了一系列適銷對(duì)路的主題，包括芬蘭著名的教育體系。一個(gè)關(guān)鍵主題是全新的：安靜。)”中提到的關(guān)鍵主題為“安靜”，是為該段的主旨句提供論據(jù)，突出“安靜”是芬蘭的主題之一，因此它的作用是通過(guò)權(quán)威發(fā)布而展示芬蘭如何看待安靜。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Silenceseemedtobeheightenedbycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetestsubjectsareleasefromcarefulattention.‘Perhapsthearousalissomethingthatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeperrelaxation,’hesaid.(安靜似乎在對(duì)比中得到了加強(qiáng)，也許是因?yàn)樗寽y(cè)試對(duì)象從仔細(xì)的關(guān)注中得到了釋放。他說(shuō)：“也許這種興奮是一種將思想集中在一個(gè)方向上的東西，所以當(dāng)沒(méi)有更多的興奮時(shí)，你會(huì)有更深的放松?！?”可知，通過(guò)研究，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了安靜作為聲音間隔時(shí)對(duì)測(cè)試對(duì)象有很大的影響，與聲音對(duì)比下的安靜反而讓人有更深的放松。由此可推知，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜在聲音之間的作用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾部分作者引用NooraVikman的話“Ifyouwanttoknowyourself,youhavetobewithyourself,anddiscusswithyourself,andbeabletotalkwithyourself.(如果你想了解自己，你必須和自己在一起，和自己討論，并且能夠和自己交談。)”可知，NooraVikman通過(guò)住在一個(gè)偏僻安靜的地方親身感受到了安靜獨(dú)處才能認(rèn)識(shí)自己，找到自己，這是與作者上一段的論述“Freedomfromnoiseandgoal-directedtasks,itappears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspacetodoitsthingtodiscoverwherewefitin.(似乎，遠(yuǎn)離噪音和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的任務(wù)，將內(nèi)外的寧?kù)o結(jié)合在一起，讓我們有意識(shí)的工作空間去發(fā)現(xiàn)我們適合的地方。)”相一致。由此可推知，對(duì)于NooraVikman對(duì)安靜的態(tài)度，作者是支持贊同的。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章首段末尾通過(guò)引述的方法揭示了文章的主旨，“Asthereportexplained,modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.‘Silenceisaresource,’itsaid.(正如報(bào)告所解釋的那樣，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)似乎常常喧鬧繁忙到令人無(wú)法忍受。“安靜是一種資源，”它說(shuō)。)”，即，文章主要圍繞“安靜是一種資源”這一話題進(jìn)行講述，并在后文段落通過(guò)介紹相關(guān)研究及真人實(shí)例的感受強(qiáng)調(diào)了安靜的強(qiáng)大力量。選項(xiàng)C“Silence:TheUnexpectedPower(安靜：沒(méi)有料想到的力量)”貼合主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。DAfewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(傳達(dá))informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模擬的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraphmostprobablymean?A.Original. B.Accurate. C.Distant. D.False.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory. B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld. D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.C.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomedB.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryC.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldD.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleone【答案】31.D32.D33.C34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇議論文。文章以魚缸里的金魚為例，討論了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義以及人們應(yīng)該如何描述宇宙?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.”（這項(xiàng)措施的發(fā)起人解釋說(shuō)，把魚養(yǎng)在這樣的魚缸里是殘忍的，因?yàn)閺澢膫?cè)面會(huì)讓魚對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)有一種distorted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推斷，發(fā)起人認(rèn)為彎曲的側(cè)面會(huì)讓魚對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)，因而把魚養(yǎng)在這樣的魚缸里是殘忍的，所以“distorted”意為：錯(cuò)誤的，即“false”。故選D?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(傳達(dá))informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.”（大多數(shù)人相信客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)存在，我們的感官和科學(xué)直接傳達(dá)了物質(zhì)世界的信息，在哲學(xué)中，這種信念被稱為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。）可知，本段主要講述了人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.”（現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這種追求可能產(chǎn)生的不是單一的理論，而是一系列相互關(guān)聯(lián)的理論，每個(gè)理論都描述了自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)版本，就像從自己的魚缸里看宇宙一樣。）和第三段“If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.”（如果模擬世界中的生物像我們一樣不能從外部觀察它們的宇宙，它們就沒(méi)有理由懷疑自己對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的想象。）可知，人們視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，會(huì)有著不同的理論。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.”（也許為了描述宇宙，我們必須在不同的情況下運(yùn)用不同的理論。）和“Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.”（但這可能就是宇宙的規(guī)律。）可知，作者認(rèn)為人們可以用多種理論描述宇宙，可得出作者也許會(huì)許贊同“歡迎對(duì)宇宙的不同解釋”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Anapologycanachievegreatthingsforboththegiversandthereceiversalthoughnobodylikestoadmitthattheywerewrong.Anapologyiscrucialtoourphysicalhealth.Whenweacknowledgethatwearewrongdoersandexpressourguilttoothers,wewillfreeourselvesfromtheuncomfortablestate.Thisactfeelslikeaweightonushasbeenlifted.____35____Researchshowedthatheartrate,sweatlevelsandfacialtensiondecreasedinvictimsofwrongsevenwhentheysimplyimaginedreceivinganapology.Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,butalsomentally.____36____Whenpresentedwithanapology,thevictimsmayviewusasimperfecthumanbeingsandfinditeasiertogiveforgiveness.InapowerfulpieceinPsychologyToday,writerBeverlyEngeldescribedhowasimple“I’msorry”fromhermother,afterbeingestrangedfromeachotherforthreeyears,madeherrelievedemotionally.Butlet’sbereal,apologizingcanbedifficult.____37____Weshouldrecognizeouractiondidhurtsomeoneevenifourintentionmaynothavebeenso.Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.____38____Ofcourse,themosteffectiveapologiesoftenbringacosttoourdignity,sincewehavetoadmitthatwearewronginfrontofothersormanypeople.____39____Asisknown,itisoneofthemostpositiveactionswecantakewhenwedosomethingwrong—forourselves,theothers,andtherelationship.So,goahead,apologizealittlemoreoftenforthethingsworth